EdwardVoorheesPart No: 806-3487-10March 2000Sun Microsystems, Inc.

901 San Antonio RoadPalo Alto, CA94303U.S.A.650-960-1300

2000Sun MicrosystemsThe Simplified Chinese Solaris User's Guide describes product behavior unique to the Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment and answers many questions commonly asked about the software. It also contains an introduction to the general appearance and properties of a variety of localized Desktop Tools and utilities contained in the Simplified Chinese Common Desktop Environment (CDE) and OpenWindows environment.This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers.Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd.Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, SunSoft, SunDocs, SunExpress, and Solaris are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. The OPEN LOOK and Sun Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun's licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun's written license agreements.RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227-14(g)(2)(6/87) and FAR 52.227-19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227-7015(b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202-3(a).DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID.Ce produit ou document est protégé par un copyright et distribué avec des licences qui en restreignent l'utilisation, la copie, la distribution, et la décompilation. Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peut être reproduite sous aucune forme, par quelque moyen que ce soit, sans l'autorisation préalable et écrite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence, s'il y en a. Le logiciel détenu par des tiers, et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caractères, est protégé par un copyright et licencié par des fournisseurs de Sun.Des parties de ce produit pourront être dérivées du système Berkeley BSD licenciés par l'Université de Californie. UNIX est une marque déposée aux Etats-Unis et dans d'autres pays et licenciée exclusivement par X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, le logo Sun, SunSoft, SunDocs, SunExpress, et Solaris sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées, ou marques de service, de Sun Microsystems, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d'autres pays. Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilisées sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de SPARC International, Inc. aux Etats-Unis et dans d'autres pays. Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont basés sur une architecture développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc.L'interface d'utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun a été développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc. pour ses utilisateurs et licenciés. Sun reconnaît les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le développement du concept des interfaces d'utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l'industrie de l'informatique. Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l'interface d'utilisation graphique Xerox, cette licence couvrant également les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l'interface d'utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences écrites de Sun.CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE "EN L'ETAT" ET AUCUNE GARANTIE, EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE, N'EST ACCORDEE, Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE, L'APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE, OU LE FAIT QU'ELLE NE SOIT PAS CONTREFAISANTE DE PRODUIT DE TIERS. CE DENI DE GARANTIE NE S'APPLIQUERAIT PAS, DANS LA MESURE OU IL SERAIT TENU JURIDIQUEMENT NUL ET NON AVENU.Desktop & Window SystemsPrefacePrefaceSimplified Chinese Solaris User's Guide describes product behavior unique to the Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment and answers many questions commonly asked about the software. This guide introduces you to the general appearance and properties of a variety of localized Desktop Tools and utilities offered with the Simplified Chinese Common Desktop Environment (CDE) and OpenWindows environment. This user's guide is for someone who wants to use the Simplified Chinese features in the Solaris operating environment to manage files, calendar, and e-mail, write or print Simplified Chinese files, and so forth. Tools for these and many other applications run under Simplified Chinese Solaris software. This guide helps you easily find, access, and get started with these tools. You should read this guide: If you have not used Simplified Chinese Solaris software beforeIf you need information on using product featuresIf you need instructions for starting the Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment (see especially Chapter 2, Starting the Simplified Chinese Solaris Software)Before you read this book, become familiar with the basics of the Solaris base release user documents, particularly the ones listed under "Related Books". This user's guide focuses on using the Simplified Chinese features of the Desktop Tools and other features of Simplified Chinese Solaris software.Each chapter of this guide addresses a different aspect of using Simplified Chinese Solaris software. The chapters tell how to check your set up before you begin using the facilities of Simplified Chinese Solaris software and give step-by-step instructions for using Simplified Chinese facilities. Chapter 1, Introduction briefly describes general modifications made to Solaris software, including CDE, to internationalize and localize it for Simplified Chinese. Chapter 2, Starting the Simplified Chinese Solaris Software gives the step-by-step instructions you must follow to start your Solaris user environment. It also describes Simplified Chinese Solaris-specific features you must use to turn Simplified Chinese facilities OFF/ON by using dtlogin. Chapter 3, Using the htt Input Method Server introduces the startup, appearance, and use of htt. Chapter 4, Entering Simplified Chinese Text describes different Simplified Chinese character entry modes and provides a step-by-step tutorial in their use. (Further information on customizing commands and other advanced user topics are covered in Solaris Internationalization Guide for Developers and Simplified Chinese Solaris System Administrator's Guide.)Chapter 5, Code Table Input Method Interface describes the interface that allows the user to add new input.Chapter 6, Localized Applications describes uses of two desktop tools localized for Chinese mailx, talk, and tools to convert file codes. Chapter 7, Fonts explains how to customize fonts used in your Simplified Chinese Solaris applications.Chapter 8, Simplified Chinese Printing Facilities discusses Simplified Chinese Solaris support for line printers with built-in Chinese fonts or using the Simplified Chinese Solaris xetops filter package. Appendix A, Open Windows Information describes the special requirements of the OpenWindows environment.Appendix B, Backward Compatibility discusses running compiled binary code of earlier SunOS 4.x/Solaris 1.x/Asian OpenWindows 2.x applications without recompilation.Appendix C, Running Networked Applications discusses running localized applications that reside on another machine across your network.Glossary contains a list of words and phrases found in the Simplified Chinese Solaris documentation set, and their definitions. You should become familiar with the following basic documentation:Solaris 8 Introduction Solaris User's Guide Asian Solaris 8 (SPARC Platform Edition) Release Notes Asian Solaris 8 (Intel Platform Edition) Release Notes Advanced users may want to read Solaris Advanced User's Guide. Advanced users who want to customize their system environment or the operations of their Sun tools will find pertinent information in International Language Environments Guide and Simplified Chinese Solaris System Administrator's Guide. These books contain information on setting up, administering, programming, and customizing product features for advanced users, developers/programmers, and system administrators.The following table describes the typographic changes used in this book.Table P-1 Typeface or SymbolMeaningExampleAaBbCc123The names of commands, files, and directories; on-screen computer outputEdit your .login file.Use ls -a to list all files.machine_name% You have mail.AaBbCc123What you type, contrasted with on-screen computer output machine_name% su Password:AaBbCc123Command-line placeholder:replace with a real name or valueTo delete a file, type rm filename.AaBbCc123Book titles, new words or terms, or words to be emphasizedRead Chapter 6 in User's Guide. These are called class options. You must be root to do this.The following table shows the default system prompt and superuser prompt for the C shell, Bourne shell, and Korn shell.Table P-2 ShellPromptC shell promptmachine_name%C shell superuser promptmachine_name#Bourne shell and Korn shell prompt$Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser prompt#Chapter 11. IntroductionThis software is a Simplified Chinese localization of the Sun Solaris operating environment. The Simplified Chinese Solaris software includes the Simplified Chinese Common Desktop Environment (CDE) for windowed applications that are built on Sun's Solaris operating environment. Simplified Chinese Solaris software is an extension of base Solaris software. Virtually all utilities and features of the U.S. and International Solaris standard releases are incorporated in Simplified Chinese Solaris software. These products introduce Solaris input methods for the input and output of Simplified Chinese. Application programs and CDE use the features of Simplified Chinese CDE to communicate with users in Simplified Chinese. This Simplified Chinese localization of Sun's internationalized CDE includes enhancements for handling appropriate linguistic and cultural conventions, which it provides to two broad working environments: A localized user environment, which includes localized desktop tools and window manager (dtwm) that communicate with users in Simplified Chinese. dtwm Window ManagerA localized development environment, which programmers use to develop localized applications, with Xlib and Motif, which have been internationalized for this use. Programmer and developers should refer to Solaris Internationalization Guide for Developers. XlibMotifThis Simplified Chinese Solaris release uses the Simplified Chinese CDE Motif graphical user interface, which is similar in layout and design to the U.S. release of CDE. Simplified Chinese CDE supports multibyte characters and Simplified Chinese messages with Motif objects. Differences in character width and proportional spacing cause minor differences in the exact layout of some Motif objects. GUI Graphical User InterfaceAll application windows that accept Simplified Chinese input include a status area associated with their input window to show the current conversion mode. With an input conversion mode on, as Simplified Chinese is being typed its entry point becomes a highlighted (reverse video) preedit area until the input is converted to Simplified Chinese or special characters and committed. Some input modes also provide conversion choices (candidates) among several Simplified Chinese characters on menus. status areawindowsstatus areareverse videopreedit areacandidatesTo accommodate the diversity of Simplified Chinese, this Solaris software provides several different input methods for entering Simplified Chinese characters. With these methods you can type ASCII/English characters, Simplified Chinese radicals, and Simplified Chinese characters using an ASCII keyboard or a Simplified Chinese keyboard. keyboards ASCII keyboardSimplified Chinese keyboardSimplified Chinese input from the keyboard is stored temporarily in an intermediate representation. The conversion manager program, with the help of user interaction, then transforms this intermediate representation into a displayed character string. conversion managerintermediate representationtextintermediate representation ofdesktop toolstoolsdesktopThe following desktop tools are provided in this Solaris release. Each tool can accept and display Simplified Chinese text. A manual page is provided for each. Address Manager - Carries out remote operations and finds information about the systems and users on your network. Can speed up such tasks as sending email, logging in remotely, and setting appointments on someone else's calendar.Address ManagerApp Manager - Contains the applications available on your system. You can launch these applications through the App Manager interface.App ManagerAudio Tool - Tool for recording, playing, editing, and controlling workstation audio parameters. Audio ToolCalculator - Visual calculator for use with mouse or keyboard.CalculatorCalendar Manager - Manages business and social appointments; can use electronic mail to send automatic reminders. Calendar ManagerClock - Displays current analog or digital time. ClockConsole - Standard Motif scrolling window terminal emulator. ConsoleFile Finder - Tool for searching for a folder and subfolders that returns a list of files or folders that match your search criteria. You can also specify the size, owner, date modified, type, and permissions in your search criteria.File FinderFile Manager - Graphical tool for accessing files and directories. Represents file types with varying colors and icons. Navigates through the file system with the mouse. File ManagerHelp - On-line searchable help for CDE.HelpIcon Editor - Visual tool for editing icon appearance and creating new icons.Icon EditorImage Tool - Interactive image viewer. Image Tool can be used to view the contents of file types such as GIF, TIFF, JPEG, PostScript, and others.Image ToolMailer - Tool for handling electronic mail. MailerPerformance Meter - Real-time system performance meter that can display a variety of data. Performance MeterPrint Manager - Graphical front-end to the print command. It supports drag-and-drop file transfer operations. Print ManagerProcess Manager - Tool for displaying and performing actions on the processes that are currently running on your workstation.Process ManagerSnapshot - Tool to snap or capture picture of a window or region of a screen in a bitmap (raster file). Used for capturing screen image displays in this user's guide. SnapshotText Editor - Visual text editor used in CDE tools such as the Mailer composition window.Text EditorStyle Manager - Tool for setting workstation preferences, such as audio feedback from keyboard, mouse response, and so on.Style ManagerTerminal - Standard Motif window terminal emulator. The window behaves like an ASCII character terminal for entry of UNIX commands at a system shell prompt and other terminal operations.terminal windowChapter 22. Starting the Simplified Chinese Solaris SoftwareThe Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment must be set up for using Simplified Chinese text facilities. This chapter describes the steps required to set up the Simplified Chinese environment and to start Simplified Chinese Solaris operation. The Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment provides two window environments: Common Desktop Environment (CDE) and OpenWindows. CDE is a fully internationalized environment; it does not require most of the administration tasks that the OpenWindows environment requires to handle Simplified Chinese. For information on starting OpenWindows, see Appendix A, Open Windows Information. The Simplified Chinese Solaris product includes the following locales:window environmentsCommon Desktop Environment (CDE)OpenWindowszh - Simplified Chinese environment in GBK, an extension of GB2312-80 (that is, Guo Biao Kuo in Chinese Pin Yin), GBK contains all the CJK characters that are in Unicode 2.1.zh - Simplified Chinese environment in extended UNIX code (EUC) localesoverview zh locale zh.GBK - Simplified Chinese environment in GBK, an extension of GB2312-80. GBK contains all of the characters in ISO/IEC10646-1 and GB13000-1, as well as most of the symbols in TCA_CNS 11643-92. zh.GBK locale localeszh.GBK ISO/IEC10646-1 characters characters Chinese characters GB13000-1 TCA_CNS 11643-92zh_CN.EUC-- Symbolic link to zh locale.zh_CN.GBK-- Symbolic link to zh.GBK locale.zh.UTF-8-- new in Solaris 8, Simplified Chinese environment in Unicode 3.0zh_CN.UTF-8-- Symbolic link to zh.UTF--8 locale.You can change your default locale using the following procedure. Choose the language button on the dtlogin window.Select the C, zh, zh.UTF-8, or zh.GBK locale.Your new locale is in effect.default locale, settinglocalessetting defaultlocalessettingaliasessetting locales with.dtlogin fileYou can use aliases to change a terminal-emulation window between the Simplified Chinese and ASCII/English locale from time to time without typing long command lines or editing your .dtlogin file and running source every time. Put aliases like the following in your .profile file. .profile filealias chn "export LANG=zh; /bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw" alias chn_GBK "export LANG=zh.GBK; /bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw" alias asc "export LANG=C; /bin/stty cs7 istrip defeucw" alias chn_UTF-8 "export LANG=zh.UTF-8; /bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw"Put aliases like the following in your .cshrc file. .cshrc filealias chn_EUC "setenv LANG zh; /bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw" alias chn_GBK "setenv LANG zh.GBK; /bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw" alias asc "setenv LANG C; /bin/stty cs7 istrip defeucw" alias chn_UTF-8 "setenv LANG=zh.UTF-8; /bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw"The Xsession script (in /usr/dt/bin) that comes with the Simplified Chinese operating environment includes the following font path: /usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh/X11/fonts. To add a different font directory path dynamically, type:system% xset +fp font_directory-pathfont directories, changingChapter 33. Using the htt Input Method Server htt serverinput method server (htt)The htt input method server handles Simplified Chinese input for Simplified Chinese Solaris software. The htt server receives keyboard input and makes the input available as Simplified Chinese characters to Simplified Chinese Solaris system applications. The htt server can serve any internationalized X Window application that uses X Windows Input Method (XIM) application program interfaces (API) to receive language input. XIM X Windows and httThis chapter explains the basic display features of the htt input method server. Normally, you do not need to change any htt settings, as discussed in this chapter, to operate any Simplified Chinese Solaris application.You need to be familiar with the input method terminology in the Chapter 4, Entering Simplified Chinese Text before reading this chapter. However, to create Simplified Chinese text using Solaris applications, you do not need to read beyond the first section of this chapter.The Simplified Chinese Solaris htt server icon looks like this: icon, htt The Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment starts the htt input method server automatically when you start the Solaris operating environment in a locale that requires an input method. htt continues to run and service applications that are started and connected to it. If you need to restart htt, refer to "How and When htt Is Started". Simplified Chinese Solaris applications that use htt for Simplified Chinese character input typically find htt running when they are started. To get htt's service for language input, htt should be running before an application is started. If htt is not running when an application is started, the application may not be able to get the input service, even if htt is started later.applicationsinteraction with httThe input method server comprises three related programs (htt_props, htt, and htt_server) processes running together. One process controls the input method server properties, another controls the population of the input method server (that is, a "watch dog" process), and the third handles input methods of clients.htt_propshtt_serverUsually, you don't need to know the details of these three processes. When htt is started, htt_props and htt_server start also.The following figure shows a typical application display when using the htt input method.httdisplayProperty ManagerhtthttProperty ManagerThe htt input method server is started as an icon. Double-click SELECT on the icon to start htt Property Manager to configure the behavior of htt.The input method server Property Manager includes the following menus:Reset Input Manager - resets and restarts the htt input method server. This operation is not needed unless the input method server requires resetting (for example, when an application stops getting the language input). Selecting this operation destroys any intermediate data (such as preedit texts).Exit - terminates htt. When you select this operation, htt Property Manager offers three options.Exit - terminates htt completely. If you need to restart htt, start it from a shell window:system% htt &Background - terminates htt Property Manager only. The htt icon and htt Property Manager window are no longer visible. However, the htt input method server still functions. If you need to start htt Property Manager again, start htt_props from a shell window.system% htt_props &Cancel - cancels the termination.File menuExit option, in File menuBackground option, in File menuhtt Property Manager provides four categories of help messages to guide its operation:General - describes the operations in the general dialogPreedit Status - describes the operations in the Preedit/Status dialog Lookup Table - describes the operation in the Lookup table dialogAbout - describes the menu operations from the main Property Manager windowHelp menuLookup TablePreedit Statushtt's command line options can be referenced from its man page or by typing:system% htt -helpcommand line options, for htthttcommand line optionsYou can customize the key sequence to turn on/off locale-specific input. To add a key sequence, perform the following steps:on/off key, customizinglocale inputturning on/offPress the Add button.You will see the Add Key pop-up. Press the key to be added and OK. The key pressed is added to the conversion key list. To remove any key from the list:Select the key from the list and press Remove.Note - The customized key sequence will take effect when you restart htt. httcustomizingcustomizinghttYou can control the Preedit/Status window placement in this panel if your application specifies the root window style Preedit or Status. Preedit/Status windowcustomizingSelecting "Position on the screen" places the window in a fixed location of the workspace. This window is shared by multiple applications whose input style is root window style.Selecting "Position relative to the cursor" places the window close to the mouse cursor.Selecting "Attach to client input window" places the window near the application's input window.Selecting "Use Composite Layout for Preedit/Status" uses the new layout in root window style (the preedit, status, and lookup choices are in the same window). Deselecting this option causes the lookup choices to appear in a separate window.In addition to the placement of the Preedit/Status window for the root window style, you can configure the behavior of the preedit string when it reaches to the end of a line. In the default, the preedit string will wrap around to the second line. But if you de-select "Wrap long lines in on-the-spot preedit," the preedit string will not exceed one line and it will scroll when reaching the end of a line.Lookup WindowcustomizingYou can control the appearance of the lookup window by choosing one of the four options listed:Client window status area - places the lookup choices in an area where the input status is shown on the application's window Preedit/Status window - places the lookup choices in the window placed on the workspace, which is used by root window style applicationsPop-up window near cursor - places the pop-up near to the current position of mousePop-up window near client input window - places the pop-up near the application's input windowYou can also specify the maximum rows and columns for the lookup choices that can be displayed on a single pop-up. You can specify the labels used for lookup choices. The options are uppercase letters or numbers (except in New QuanPin and New ShuangPin, which support only numbered labels).Any application that uses the htt input method server to receive Simplified Chinese characters must find htt running before it can receive input. If your default locale is the C locale (which does not require htt) and you then change from C to another locale in a single Terminal, for example, you must start htt with a command line like the following: httstartup sequencesystem% htt & With the locale set to zh, htt starts automatically when the Simplified Chinese windowing environment is started. In CDE, htt is started from a script, /usr/dt/config/Xsession.d/0020.dtims. This script is executed by Xsession, which runs at every initialization stage when a user logs in from dtlogin. This script ensures that htt is started before other applications in CDE.httstartup scriptscriptshtt startup scriptThe Internet Intranet Input Method Server (iiim) supports both European Local Input Methods using Compose key and Asian Remote Input Methods using IIIM Protocol. The default Language Engine is English/European which supports ASCII and some European Languages such as German and French. To switch to other Language Engines, press CTRL+Space, as with other Asian Locales.To switch to Chinese Input Methods, click the left mouse button in the Status Area. The following Language Engine List appears:CyrilllicGreekThaiArabicHebrewUnicode HexUnicode OctalLookupSimplified ChineseThe following Language Engines appear if their corresponding locales are installed:Japanese -- if ja locale is installedKorean-- if ko locale is installed.Traditional Chinese -- if zh_TW locale is installed.After the Simplified Chinese Language Engine is selected, you can use Function Keys to switch between different Input Methods:F2 -- UnicodeF8 -- New PinyinF11 -- New Shuang PinF7 -- ZhuyinF4 -- JapaneseF6 -- Korean HanjaFor more detailed information about Input Methods, see "Chapter 4, Entering Simplified Text".Chapter 44. Entering Simplified Chinese TextThis chapter describes the Simplified Chinese Solaris input modes for typing Simplified Chinese characters with Simplified Chinese Solaris software. You can type any of the following kinds of characters: textChineseSimplified Chinese text, input modesideogramsASCII/English characters Simplified Chinese ideograms (characters or symbols representing ideas/actions/things)Special symbol characters You can type all of these characters in the input areas of the following application windows: windowsSimplified Chinese characters allowed inIn terminal emulation (TTY) windows such as TerminalIn text entry subwindows such as used by Text Editor or MailerIn control panel subwindows such as used by File Manager for typing a file nameIn other special use (sometimes pop-up) subwindowsFor information about creating your own input method, see Chapter 5, Code Table Input Method Interface.Three separate areas of an application subwindow are involved in entering characters. These areas are typically displayed, named, and used as follows: Preedit area--Highlighted (such as inverse video or underlined) entry display area preedit areaStatus area--Area indicating the current input/conversion mode status areaLookup choice area--Area displaying multiple character choices lookup choice areaThe highlighted (for example, reverse video and underlined) preedit area displays characters as they are typed or converted. It holds formations of text before they are converted to Simplified Chinese characters or symbols and put in the text block being assembled for the application. preedit areaThe status area is shows what input conversion mode is in effect. In the above example, it is located in the lower left corner of the window margin. status areaThe lookup choice area displays multiple Simplified Chinese or special character choices available for conversion of the character(s)/radical(s) in the preedit area. In the above example, it is a pop-up. lookup choice areaThe following input methods and conversion modes are available for entering ASCII/English, Simplified Chinese, and other text: input methodsconversion modesIn zh, zh.GBK and zh.UTF-8:New QuanPin input method, the default method (F8)New QuanPininput methodNew QuanPinNew ShuangPin input method (F11)New ShuangPininput methodNew ShuangPinQuanpy input method (F5 or Control-Q with input conversion on) Quanpyinput methodQuanpyIn zh:Input conversion off (Control-spacebar toggle); for ASCII input Control keysfor input modes Function keysfor input modes keys, input conversion controlControl-spacebar toggleLocation input method (F2 or Control-A with input conversion on)Location input methodinput methodLocationPinyin input method (F3 or Control-P with input conversion on) Pinyin input methodinput methodPinyinStroke input method (F4 or Control-B with input conversion on) Stroke input methodinput methodStrokeGolden input method (F6 or Control-J with input conversion on) Golden input conversion modeinput methodGoldenIntelligent Pinyin input method (F7 or Control-S with conversion on) Intelligent Pinyin input methodinput methodIntelligent PinyinSimplified Chinese Symbol input method (F12 or Control-T) Simplified Chinese Symbol input methodinput methodSimplified Chinese SymbolIn zh.GBK:GBK Code input method (F2)GBK Code input methodinput methodGBK CodeJapanese input method (F4)Japanese input methodinput methodJapaneseHanja input method (F6)Hanja input methodinput methodHanjaZhuyin input method (F7)Zhuyin input methodinput methodZhuyinUnicode input method (F10)Unicode input methodinput methodUnicodeIn zh.UTF-8:Unicode input method (F2)GBK Code input methodinput methodGBK CodeJapanese input method (F4)Japanese input methodinput methodJapaneseKorean Hanja input method (F6)Hanja input methodinput methodHanjaZhuyin input method (F7)Zhuyin input methodinput methodZhuyinPress Control-spacebar to toggle on or off the Simplified Chinese input conversion. The Function and Control keys listed (for example, F6, F7, and Control-A) turn on the corresponding input methods. The input conversion modes listed above are discussed in the following sections. In the zh.GBK locale, you can modify input method properties, such as the Page Up and Page Down keys, candidate selection keys, and GBK switch keys, using the Properties Editor tool. Properties Editor tooltoolsProperties EditorASCIItypingEach tool first starts with all Simplified Chinese input modes off, the window's status area blank. This mode is for typing ASCII text: Simplified Chinese input conversion mode is toggled on and off by pressing Control-spacebar. After Simplified Chinese input conversion has been turned on once and input conversion is then turned off, the status area is no longer blank, but instead shows that conversion is off. Each tool starts ready to receive only ASCII text, as shown by a blank status area. To type Simplified Chinese or other non-ASCII symbols, press Control-spacebar to toggle on Simplified Chinese input conversion. The status area then shows conversion on: After you turn on input conversion, you must turn on one of the input modes (such as Location or Stroke) by pressing the appropriate Function key or Control key. You can then enter Simplified Chinese characters. To change from one input mode to another, press the appropriate Function key or Control key.When you toggle off input conversion (by pressing Control-spacebar) the Conversion Manager notes which input mode is on. Then when you later toggle the conversion mode back on, the Conversion Manager automatically turns on the last input mode. Conversion ManagerSome input methods offer a lookup choice page for symbol/character selection. Most input methods support pressing the period (.) or comma (,) keys to page among the available input method choices. Special keyboard definitions are documented with their input methods.period, for toggling input method choicescomma, for toggling input method choicesinput methodstoggling amongPressing Delete, Backspace, or Control-H deletes the last character or symbol that was typed while Simplified Chinese input conversion mode is on. Delete keyBackspace keyControl-HLocation mode uses the location code defined by national standard GB2312-80 of the People's Republic of China. This standard lists 7,445 Hanzi characters and other symbols organized in a 94 by 94 grid. Location code input mode GB2312-80in Location modeOf these characters, 6,763 are characters used often in Chinese daily life. Level 1 contains 3,755 characters and Level 2 contains 3,008 characters. The Level 2 Hanzi characters include Hanzi radicals, Roman characters, Greek and Cyrillic characters, Arabic and Roman numerals, and miscellaneous symbols.Hanzi charactersLevel 1 charactersLevel 2 characterscharactersHanziEach Simplified Chinese character or symbol is identified by a four-decimal-digit location code composed of its row and column numbers. The first two digits are its row number, and the last two are its column number. To use these location codes to type Simplified Chinese, proceed as shown in the following example: In a new Terminal (for example), which first appears with a blank status area, turn Simplified Chinese input conversion on by pressing Control-spacebar. Turn on Location code input mode by pressing Control-A or F2.The status area then shows Location mode is on. Type in the first three of the four digits that represent the character to display (in this example, 1601).The digits remain visible in the preedit area.Type the fourth digit.The character automatically replaces the preedit area: Pinyin mode uses keyboard mapping that reduces the number of keystrokes needed to type Pinyin input. Pinyin mode maps Pinyin phonetics to single lowercase Roman letters. This mapping includes combinations of sounds mapped to a single keyboard letter so more phonemes can be typed with fewer keystrokes. Pinyininput modeThe following keyboard figure and table explain the Pinyin mode map. The clekbd command displays this Pinyin keystroke map on the screen. Table 4-1 Pinyin PhoneticsPinyin Mode Keystroke ail anjanghaokchienfenggingyongsshuuvzhaPinyinphonetics and keystrokes phonetics, Pinyin keystrokes, Pinyin keyboardPinyin keyboard mapPinyin input mode uses up to four keystrokes to type one Simplified Chinese character. A lookup choice area of characters that match the Pinyin input is displayed with each keystroke. When more than one page of choices is available, typing . or > displays the next page moving forward through the lookup choices and typing , or < displays the next page moving backward. You select the character you want by typing the upper case Roman letter corresponding to that character in the lookup choice area on the screen. To use Pinyin input mode, make sure input conversion is on and press F3 or Control-P to turn on Pinyin mode.The status area shows Pinyin mode is on: The following is an example of using Pinyin mode by creating the character representing the Pinyin "zhuang." This Pinyin word simplifies to the three Pinyin mode keystrokes auh. Type and convert them as follows: Type the text auh.Type 3 to select the corresponding Simplified Chinese character in the lookup choice listing.Your choice is substituted for the Pinyin string in the preedit area. This section describes the features in the New QuanPin and New ShuangPin input methods, and how to use some of the features in the zh and zh.GBK locales. New QuanPin input methodNew ShuangPin input methodinput methodNew QuanPininput methodNew ShuangPinPinYin is a popular input method in PRC, and there are various PinYin-based input methods. Two of them, New QuanPin and New ShuangPin, contain the following features:Supports user-defined phrases for later use.Dynamically adjusts the frequency of candidates.Accepts PinYin strings up to 222 characters long.Supports input by ShengMu.Supports GBK Chinese.These features are described in detail in the following sections.The following example shows how to define the phrase "ke lin dun" and store it for later use.Type the phrase kelindun without spaces.The New QuanPin and New ShuangPin input methods will insert spaces for you automatically.Type the number representing the first character you want to select.The following example shows the second character selected.Select Chinese for the second and third parts of the phrase.The new phrase is defined and added to the user dictionary file. The next time you type ke lin dun, you will see the phrase you defined in the candidate area.In these input methods, candidates that have been selected are moved to the start of the list to facilitate repeated use.Type sh yi.Notice the order of the five available candidates.Select the fifth candidate.Type sh yi again.Notice that the fifth candidate has moved to the first position because you previously selected it. Frequently-used candidates are promoted for faster selection.The New QuanPin input methods accepts PinYin strings up to 222 characters long. The following illustrations use the string below:>>meiguozhongtongkelindunzhengzaitaolunhaiwanjushiwenti<<The result is the following Chinese string:Note - The New ShuangPin input method supports up to 30-character strings.You can also type ShengMu only. Candidates are supplied for ShengMu, as shown in the following illustrations:The zh.GBK locale supports GBK by default, as shown in the following illustrations:The second Chinese character in the following illustration is defined only in the GBK standard.Single GBK candidates are placed at the end of the list of candidates. Press Return to scroll to the GBK area. For easier selection next time, you can define the GBK candidate as a phrase (for more information, see "Defining Phrases for Later Use"). Once a phrase is defined, you can insert it easily, as shown in the following illustrations:Both New QuanPin and New ShuangPin support GBK Hanzi by default in the zh.GBK locale. However, because several Hanzi have the same ShengMu (the first part of Pinyin), New QuanPin and New ShuangPin do not display GBK candidates if you provide only the ShengMu. For example, typing the string rong will display GBK candidates because it is a complete Pinyin string. However, typing r alone will not display any GBK candidates because it is only a ShengMu.The following table shows the definitions of the edit keys.Note - The preedit line is a normal X text field.Table 4-2 KeyDefinition[a-z]PinYin characterHomeMoves to the start of the preedit lineEndMoves to the end of the preedit lineLeftMoves the caret in the preedit line to the left. If left is Hanzi, the original PinYin is recovered.RightMoves the caret in the preedit line to the right.DeleteDeletes the PinYin character following the caret on the preedit line.BackspaceDeletes the PinYin character preceding the caret on the preedit line.The candidates of a Pinyin string belong to the following groups:G1 - Highest frequency Hanzi + Long (3 or more) Cizu + Double Chinese CizuG2 - GB Single HanziG3 - GBK Single Hanzi (in the zh.GBK locale)Some Pinyin strings may have more candidates than can be displayed in the same window. In that case, use the keys described in the following table to scroll through the candidates.Table 4-3 KeyDefinition- =Scrolls to previous/next candidate(s)[ ]Scrolls to previous/next candidate(s), .Scrolls to previous/next candidate(s)ReturnQuickly scrolls through all candidatesNew QuanPin and New ShuangPin do not support selection by typing letter keys. If you see candidates prefixed with letter keys (A, B, C, and so on), set htt again using the numeric selection keys.In accord with the national Pinyin standard, the separator (') is supported to avoid ambiguous interpretations of Pinyin strings. For example, the Pinyin string [jiang] can be interpreted as [jiang] or [ji][ang]; both are valid. In New QuanPin, however, [jiang] is interpreted only as [jiang]. You must use the separator and enter [ji'ang] for it to be interpreted as [ji] and [ang]. New ShuangPin does not require the use of separators.separatorsNew QuanPin and New ShuangPin share two dictionary files: PyCiku.dat and Ud.Ciku.dat. In the zh locale, the default path names are /usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh/xim/data/PyCiku.dat and /usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh/xim/data/UdCiku.dat. In the zh.GBK locale, the default path names are /usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh.GBK/xim/data/PyCiku.dat and /usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh.GBK/xim/data/UdCiku.dat. Users cannot normally write to these files. However, since users can affect the way New QuanPin and New ShuangPin work through features such as frequency adjustment and user-defined phrases, it is necessary to update the dictionary files frequently. dictionary filesPyCiku.dat dictionary fileUd.Ciku.dat dictionary fileA user's dictionary is normally located in ~/.Xlocale/PyCiku.dat or ~/.Xlocale/UdCiku.dat (~ indicates the home directory of the user who starts the htt command). When New QuanPin and New ShuangPin are started, they locate and read the dictionary files in the user's home directory. If a dictionary file is not found, the system default path is used (that is, /usr/openwin/lib/locale/...).ShuangPin is an abbreviated form of QuanPin. It is faster but more difficult to use than QuanPin. New ShuangPin supports all of the features, keyboard definitions, and dictionary files of New QuanPin.ShuangPin input methodinput methodShuangPinThere are various ShuangPin keyboard mapping designs in PRC. The most popular three are ZiRanMa, Chinese Star, and Intelligent_ABC. The New ShuangPin input method supports all three of these keyboard mappings. The default keyboard mapping is located in one of the following files:keyboard mappingsZiRanMa keyboard mappingChinese Star keyboard mappingIntelligent_ABC keyboard mapping/usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh.GBK/xim/IM.prop (for the zh.GBK locale)/usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh/xim/IM.prop (for the zh locale)~/.Xlocale/IM.propThe following tables contain keyboard mappings for the ZiRanMa, Chinese Star, and Intelligent_ABC keyboards.Table 4-4 KeyDefinition ichushvzhAaBouCiaoDuang, iangEeFenGengHangIiJanKaoLaiMianNinOo, uoPunQiuRuan, erSiong, ongTueUuVv, uiWua, iaXieYuai, ingZeiTable 4-5 KeyDefinition uchishvzhAaBia, uaCuanDaoEeFanGangHiang, uangIiJianKiaoLinMieNiuOo, uoPouQer, ingRenSaiTengUuVv, uiWeiXuai, ueYiong, ongZunTable 4-6 KeyDefinition ichushvzhAaBouCin, uaiDua, iaEeFenGengHangIiJanKaoLaiMue, uiNunOo, uoPuanQeiRiu, erSong, iongTuang, iangUuVvWianXieYingZiaoQuanpy input method requires up to six keystrokes to type each Chinese Pinyin character. Quanpy maps Pinyin phonetics to single lowercase Roman letters. You can use the Quanpy input method to type individual Chinese characters in both zh and zh.GBK locales.Quanpy input methodinput methodQuanpyA lookup area showing the characters that match the Quanpy input is displayed with each keystroke. If more than one option is available, you can type a period (.) to display the next page moving forward through the lookup choices and typing a comma (,) to display the next page moving backward. You can select the character you want by typing the label letter corresponding to the character in the lookup area.To use the Quanpy input method, make sure that input conversion is on and press F5. The status area, as shown in the following figure, shows that Quanpy mode is on.Note - This section shows how to use the Quanpy input method in the zh.GBK locale, though its behavior is very similar when run in the zh locale.The following figure shows how to use this input method to type the character representing the Full Pinyin word fang. The word requires four keystrokes. Type them and select the text as follows:Type the four keystrokes fang. Type 1 to select the corresponding GBK Chinese character in the lookup choice listing. Your choice is substituted for the Full Pinyin string in the preedit area.Stroke input conversion mode uses up to four keystrokes to type a Simplified Chinese character. The first two keystrokes stand for strokes in the character. Stroke input mode calligraphy strokes radicals, ChineseEach Simplified Chinese character consists of several elements called strokes. These strokes represent the strokes made with calligraphy brush and ink to create the character. Many characters comprise more than ten strokes each. Some combinations of strokes compose major recognizable elements, called radicals, that are common to many characters. strokesSimplified Chinese characters are commonly organized in a dictionary, grouped according to their strokes/radicals. Each Simplified Chinese dictionary normally contains such an index, called a radical index. However, hundreds of different stroke elements are used by different radical indexes, and the strokes used commonly differ from dictionary to dictionary. These common radical indexes are too large and inconsistent to use for computer character input. The Stroke input mode however uses a refined and consistent radical index of fifty-two (52) carefully chosen radicals and stroke elements. These 52 are mapped to the twenty-six (26) lowercase alphabetic characters on the computer keyboard as shown in the following figure and tables.The clekbd -b command displays this Stroke keystroke map on the screen: clekbd commandSome of these 52 stroke elements also sometimes represent the following additional more complex radicals: Stroke input modecharacters keystroke mapTo reduce the number of keystrokes required to type many characters that comprise a large number of strokes/radicals, Stroke mode uses only the head (top left) and tail (bottom right) stroke/radical. The head keystroke is typed first. The tail is typed next.Using only a head stroke and a tail stroke selects many somewhat similar characters. And as each stroke is typed on the keyboard the first page of a lookup choice area (of up to 26 characters per page) is displayed. Many pages of characters usually are available to choose from. Typing . or > pages forward through the lookup choices; typing , or < pages backward. Typing an upper case Roman character selects the corresponding character in the lookup choice area on the screen. Instead of searching page by page through the lookup choices to find the right character, you can type a third and fourth keystroke that are a Pinyin representation of the character. These four keystrokes--head stroke, tail stroke, plus one or two Pinyin strokes or a lookup choice--select a single character.For an example of using Stroke input conversion mode do the following steps: Turn on input conversion (press Control-spacebar) and then press Control-B or F4 to turn on Stroke input mode.The status area shows Stroke mode is on: Type the lowercase letter g.The lookup choice area displays the first page of many character choices with a head stroke that maps to g. Type the lowercase letter y.The lookup choice area displays the first page of character choices with a head stroke that maps to g and a tail stroke that maps to y. Finish the input process using either the following single step a, or by doing steps b and c.Type 8 to select the corresponding character in the lookup choice area on the screen.The character replaces the letters gy in the preedit area: Alternatively, type a suitable Pinyin input, for example lowercase l. The lookup choice area displays the two characters containing those head and tail elements with the just-chosen Pinyin:Complete the character selection by typing either lowercase a for the second Pinyin or 1 to select the displayed character choice. Both actions would have the following result, the same as the preceding alternative step a. Golden input conversion mode uses its own mapping of Pinyin to single lowercase Roman letter inputs. You can use Golden mode for single character input and also access its phrase dictionary to simplify typing common phrases. Each Simplified Chinese character has only two Golden mode keystrokes for its Pinyin. Golden input conversion mode phonetic input, Golden Pinyinphonetics with GoldenGolden mode, like Pinyin mode, maps multiple Pinyin phonetics to the 26 lowercase Roman keyboard letters. However the Golden mode map is different from the Pinyin mode map as can be seen in the following table: Table 4-7 Pinyin PhoneticsGolden KeystrokePinyin PhoneticsGolden Keystroke aiz ingjanfiongkanggiutaocongkchuoubeixuaqennu, uaiyengmuansereuangliaque, uivianrunpiangluooiaodshiiewzhvinhThe clekbd -j command displays the Golden keystroke map on the screen: clekbd command keyboardmapping Chinese phonetic keyboard, Chinese keyboardChineseGolden input conversion modesingle character inputIn Golden input mode up to three keystrokes type a Simplified Chinese character. As each of the first two Golden keystrokes (Pinyin phonetics) is typed, a lookup choice area is displayed. Each character displayed in the lookup choice area includes the typed Pinyin(s). This display often consists of several pages of characters, up to 26 per page. Pressing the ] (close square bracket) key pages forward through this display, and pressing [ (open square bracket) pages backward. A character can be selected in any lookup choice area by typing the uppercase Roman letter corresponding to the character displayed on the screen. This converts the preedit area to the chosen character. For example, to type the Simplified Chinese character for "zhong": After turning on input mode (press Control-spacebar), turn on Golden mode by typing F6 or Control-J. The status area shows Golden mode is on. The Pinyin "zhong" maps to the two Golden keystrokes v and k, therefore:Type v.The following lookup choice area is displayed: Type k.The following lookup choice area is displayed:Type 1 to choose the corresponding character from the lookup choice area. The preedit area is then converted to this character:For a second example, type the character "jian," which maps to the two Golden keystrokes j and r as follows: With Golden mode on type j.Note the displayed lookup choice area: With Golden mode on, type r.Note the displayed lookup choice area: The correct character is not visible in the lookup choice area so page forward one page by pressing the ] key.Note the displayed lookup choice area: The correct character is still not visible in the lookup choice area, so page forward another page by pressing the ] key. Note the displayed lookup choice area: The correct character is now visible as choice 2, type 2 to select it. Golden input conversion modesingle character inputphrase text, typingTyping four Golden mode keystrokes (lowercase letters) accesses the Golden phrase input dictionary. When you type the fourth Golden keystroke, the lookup choice area might display two or more phrases that contain the four phonetics you typed. Golden input conversion modephrase inputInput ends automatically if the fourth Golden keystroke uniquely defines a phrase in the dictionary. This phrase is then automatically committed. Otherwise you must type the uppercase Roman letter corresponding to the phrase displayed in the lookup choice area. Either event converts the preedit area to the chosen phrase. The Golden rule for phrases of two Simplified Chinese characters is: Type the first two Golden keystrokes of each Simplified Chinese character. The Golden rule for phrases of three Simplified Chinese characters is: Type the first two Golden keystrokes of the first Simplified Chinese character and only the first keystroke of the second and third Simplified Chinese characters. For example, to type the common phrase "ji suan ji," condense its Golden form, "ji ss ji," further to "jisj" according to the rule. Typing these strokes displays the following: The Golden rule for phrases of four or more Simplified Chinese characters is: Type the first Golden keystroke from each of the first three Simplified Chinese characters plus the first keystroke from the last Simplified Chinese character. For example, to type the common phrase "you zhi zhe shi jing cheng" condense its Golden form "yb vi ve ii jj um" further to "yvvu" according to the rule. Typing these strokes displays the following: Golden input conversion modephrase input phonetic input, Golden Golden input conversion modephrase input, Chinese Pinyinphonetics with GoldenIntelligent Pinyin mode is based on phrases. It uses the same keyboard mapping as Pinyin mode. However, Intelligent Pinyin mode uses three keystrokes for every character rather than Pinyin mode's one, two, or three keystrokes. And Intelligent Pinyin handles phrases by accepting many keystrokes in its preedit area. It then performs intelligent searches of its phrase dictionary to convert these Pinyin keystrokes to character phrases. Intelligent Pinyin input mode inputIntelligent Pinyin modeIntelligent Pinyin mode uses the same map as Pinyin mode to map multiple Pinyin phonetics to the 26 lowercase Roman keyboard characters.See the following example and description of Intelligent Pinyin mode.With conversion mode on, press F7 or Control-S.The status area shows Intelligent Pinyin mode: You can type phrases of many Pinyin keystrokes using three strokes per character. Type each character that requires fewer than three Pinyin-mode keystrokes by using the [ character as padding. Type the phrase "dian zi gong ye bu zhong guo bei jing shi," which requires the keystrokes dijzi[gs[ye[bu[as[guobeijy[ui[ in accord with the Pinyin-mode keystroke map. This entire phrase is reverse-video highlighted in the preedit area as you type: To convert Pinyin keystrokes to Simplified Chinese characters, press Control-N. When you press Control-N, the conversion process matches Simplified Chinese phrases in the dictionary with the Pinyin input in the preedit area as explained in the following sections. After Control-N is pressed, the conversion process works from left to right through the preedit area choosing its longest phrases. Given input of more than one phrase, this intelligent behavior segments the preedit area into focus areas corresponding to the identified phrases. The leftmost phrase is initially the current focus area and reverse-video highlighted. The other phrases are only underlined. At this point the only part of the preedit area that is reverse-video highlighted is the current focus area, as shown by the example: focus area, Intelligent Pinyin inputSome Pinyin input can represent more than one Simplified Chinese character phrase, although only one such phrase is displayed in the current focus area. You can look at the other choices as follows: Show choices one at a time in the current focus area by pressing Control-N to display the next choice forward through the choices and Control-P to display the preceding choice back through the choices. Alternatively have the other phrases displayed in a lookup choice area by pressing Control-W. If more than one page of choices is available then pressing Control-N displays the next page and Control-P to displays the previous page. Press the uppercase letter of a displayed choice to put it into the current focus area. To lengthen the current focus area by one character press Control-I. To shorten the current focus area by one character press Control-U. To move the current focus area forward to the phrase to the right press Control-F. Pressing Control-B moves the current focus area to the phrase to the left.Move the current focus area forward to the phrase to the right by pressing Control-F. The window would then appear like this: Press Control-K when the preedit area contains the appropriate characters (converted from Pinyin input), which commits them. Otherwise commit them by resuming typing lowercase letters for Pinyin input. Either action commits the preedit area's contents. Press Control-K:The example appears as follows: The following table contains the keyboard shortcuts pertaining to Intelligent Pinyin.Table 4-8 Default Key Control keyslisting Function keyslistingFunction Description F7Turn on Intelligent Pinyin mode; the following control sequences apply:Control-KCommit and display Intelligent Pinyin conversion choice Control-NDisplay the next Intelligent Pinyin choice Control-PDisplay the previous Intelligent Pinyin choice Control-NDisplay the next group of Intelligent Pinyin choices Control-PDisplay the previous group of Intelligent Pinyin choices Control-WDisplay Intelligent Pinyin lookup choices Typing in this mode makes the characters, digits, punctuation, and other symbols on the ASCII/English keyboard two-columns (two-bytes) wide in the input. No intermediate characters appear or are used. Simplified Chinese Symbol input is committed directly to the application just as is normal ASCII. No Simplified Chinese characters can be typed in this mode. Symbol input modeThis method uses the GBK code defined by the Chinese Internal Code Specification. It includes all of the Chinese characters and symbols in GB2312-80, and other CJK Chinese characters in GB 13000-1. Each Chinese character or symbol is identified by a four hexadecimal digital internal code defined in the Chinese Internal Code Specification.This section contains instructions on how to use the GBK codes to type Chinese characters and symbols. GBK Code input methodIn a new Terminal, turn Chinese input conversion on by pressing Control-spacebar.Press F2 to turn on the GBK code input method.The status area shows that GBK code input mode is on.Press the first three of the four keys that represent the character to display (in this example, b0a1).The key remains visible in the preedit area.Type the fourth key.The character automatically replaces the preedit area.The Kanji input method provides a simple way to insert Japanese Kanji characters included in the GBK character set. If you do not know how to pronounce Japanese, you can press a key to get a lookup choice table and select what you want to insert. If you know Japanese, you can type Japanese Kanji phonetics to insert the Japanese text.Kanji input methodJapanese textFollow the steps in this section to use Kanji input mode.Turn on input conversion (Control-spacebar) and then press F4 to turn on the Kanji input method.The status area shows that Kanji mode is on:Press Control-L.The lookup choice area displays the first page of Japanese kanji choices with this key event.Type a period (.) to display the next page of lookup choices, or type a comma (,) to display the previous page of lookup choices.Press 1 to select the first character in the lookup choice area.You can also type Japanese kanji phonetics to insert Kanji characters.Type a. The corresponding characters are displayed in the lookup choice window.Press 1 to select the corresponding character in the lookup choice area.The Hanja input method provides a simple way to insert Korean Hanja characters included in the GBK character set.Hanja textKorean textThis section describes how to create Hanja text.Turn on input conversion (Control-spacebar) and then press F6 to turn on Hanja input mode.The status area shows Hanja mode is on.Press Control-L.The lookup choice area displays the first page of all Korean Hanja characters that match this key event.Type a period (.) to display the next page of lookup choices, or type a comma (,) to display the previous page of lookup choices.Press 1 to select the first character in the lookup choice area.You can also type Korean phonetics to insert Hanja characters.Type ae to display the corresponding characters. The corresponding characters are displayed in the lookup choice window.Press 6 to select the corresponding character in the lookup choice area.The Zhuyin input method uses up to four keystrokes to type a Traditional Chinese character, which is in the GBK character set. Zhuyin input methodTraditional Chinese textThis input method can be used to type any Traditional Chinese character in the Zhuyin input method in the BIG5 and EUC_TW locales; Taiwan Solaris users will find the zh.GBK locale very helpful.The following table lists the Zhuyin characters.When using this input method, the last keystroke must be the tone of the Chinese character. A lookup window will appear if there are some Zhuyin phonetic candidates. Type a period (.) to display the next page of lookup choices, or type a comma (,) to display the previous page of lookup choices, and then select the character that you want.To use the Zhuyin input method, make sure that input conversion is on and press F7 to turn on Zhuyin mode. The status area, as shown in the following figure, shows that the Zhuyin mode is on.The following is an example of using Zhuyin input method to type a Zhuyin phonetic character. Press the 1 key, followed by the lowercase letter l. Type a space, representing tone 1.The lookup choice area displays the first page of all Zhuyin characters that match this key event.Press 4 to select the corresponding character in the lookup choice area on the screen.This input method uses Unicode to type Chinese characters and symbols defined by Chinese Internal Code Specification. Using the Unicode Input Method is as easy as gbk code mode if you know the unicodes of the Chinese characters.Unicode input methodThis section describes how to create Unicode text.Turn on input conversion (Control-spacebar) and then press F10 to turn on the Unicode input method.The status area shows that the Unicode input method is on.Type the first three of the four keys that represent the character, in this case 554a.The lookup choice area displays the first page of all Unicode characters that match this key event.Press the fourth key, a.In the zh.GBK locale, you can use the Input Method Properties Editor to modify properties such as the page turn key, candidate select key, and GBK switch key. The F9 key is the switch key for the Input Method Properties Editor. You can open or close the editor by pressing F9 when input conversion is on and an editable area is displayed, as shown in the following illustration. To apply any properties changes, press Control-spacebar. The following procedure describes how to use the Input Method Properties Editor.Input Method Properties Editorpage turn key, modifyingcandidate select key, modifyingGBK switch key, modifyingPress F9 to open the Input Methods Properties Editor. The editor appears as follows. The pop-up window includes two buttons for modifying the current input method properties.Click the Input Method Properties button. The following dialog box appears.All preedit properties that can be changed are listed in this dialog box. If a property is unused for an input method, then the button is off.Click Apply or OK to save the settings.The properties settings are saved in the file ~/.Xlocale/IM.prop. The default settings come from the file /usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh.GBK/xim/IM.prop. The lookup choice properties are used by all of the input methods. You can change the properties as follows:Click the Lookup Choice Properties button in the Workspace Properties menu. The following dialog box appears.Change the lookup choice properties. If a property is unused for an input method, then the button is off.Click Apply or OK to save the settings.Chapter 55. Code Table Input Method InterfaceThe Simplified Chinese Solaris software provides code table interface for adding new input methods. In a plain text file, you can create a list Chinese words or phrases along with the key strokes you have selected to create them. input code tables input methodcreating newcode tables Create and edit code table source file:Prepare the code table source file to present the new input method. You need to list characters, words, or phrases and the corresponding key strokes required to create them. Each row defines the mapping between one Chinese word and its input key stroke. The file format is:# # Comment # <code_table> [word keystroke-sequence]See the following example:Convert code table:The source code table needs to be converted to binary form for Chinese Solaris language engine. This can be done by the code table converter: mkcodetab. The converter can take several source code table files and converter into a binary code table file. If -o is not used, the output will be send to system standard out.The command syntax is:# mkcodetab source_code_table_files [-o binary_code_table_file]See the following two examples:# mkcodetab wubi.txt -o wubi.ct # mkcodetab < wubi.txt > wubi.ctBoth forms do the same function: convert the source code table wubi.txt into the binary code table wubi.ct. The following command converts multisource code table files into one binary code table file:# mkcodetab wubi1.txt wubi2.txt wubi3.txt > wubi.ctCreate a dictionary file (optional).Specifying a dictionary file allows you to add a linking or associating function to an input method. Thus, when the user types a Chinese character, all the words associated with it in the dictionary will be shown for selecting. The dictionary file is a plain text file that contains the words user wants to have associated. The words are separated by space. For example:word1 word2 word3 word4 word5 word6 word7 word8 word9 ... ... ...Add the code table into the input method specification file.After code table is ready, the input method can be added to the system by updating input method specification file:/usr/lib/mle/zh/data/keybind.dat The keybind.dat file requires the following information:Input method nameFunction key and control key to turn on the input methodCode table (binary) file nameKey to show previous selection screenKey to show the next selection screenWild char definitionKey to commit the first candidate in the selectionOnce keybind.dat is updated, the Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment can interpret the input method. This information is added to keybind.dat in the following format: % input_method_name: control_key:function_key:display_message key_word = definitionSee the following example:Table 5-1 key_wordDefinitionCT:Code Table file namePG:Key to display previous group of selectionsNG:Key to display next group of selectionsFC:Key to commit the first (matched) characterWC:Wild Character to match any key in input keystroke. The matched selections will be shown.DS:Key to display all selections (not needed if WC is defined).DICT:Dictionary file namePROPS:If AUTO_POPUP is defined, the selections will be automatically shown while any keystroke is typed. The DS definition is not needed). One example to use this is Pinyin input method.keybind.dat fileEdit the system keybind file, /usr/lib/mle/zh/data/keybind.dat, if you want to make the new input method available for all users on this system. If you just want to do so for your own environment, you can set the KEYBIND environmental variable:% setenv KEYBIND your_keybind_fileAdd a new line in /usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh/xim/hotkey.dat, as shown in the following example:**** hotkey.dat **** @BEGIN_USER #Hot Key engine_name method_table_name #F8 for NewPY, the default IM F8 cm cm F11 shuangpy cm @END_USER @BEGIN_SYSTEM ####### All of the following hotkeys should be in the others.so. #Hot Key engine_name method_table_name #Hot Key for "location" method. F2 others cm #Hot Key for "py" method. F3 others cm #Hot Key for "Stroke" method. F4 others cm #Hot Key for "full py" method. F5 others cm #Hot Key for "Golden" method. F6 others cm #Add a new IM by user, Hot key for "Wubi" method. F10 others cm #Hot Key for "Chinese Symbol" method. F12 others cm @END_SYSTEMRestart the input method server (htt) so that your new input method can be recognized. code tablesFor the above example, the F10 function key will turn on the new input method. Your new input method is ready to use. Chapter 66. Localized ApplicationsThis chapter describes selected properties you need to use with two localized applications of the Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment. This chapter also provides lists of code conversion utilities.These tools (and the commands to invoke them) include: mailx (/usr/SUNWale/bin/mailx) talk (/usr/SUNWale/bin/talk) mailx utilityThe encoding variable in .mailrc does not affect Mailer behavior, but it does set mailx function. To send e-mail in formats other than 7-bit ASCII, such as to send (8-bit) Simplified Chinese characters you must use /usr/SUNWale/bin/mailx. The encoding variable in .mailrc sets encoding formats for mailx.International transmission conventions require that header information use only ASCII characters. So Simplified Chinese characters should not be used in the header (including the Subject line) with Mailer or with mailx. Note - The /bin/mailx application has not been localized and cannot send or receive Simplified Chinese characters. To use Simplified Chinese characters with talk, the /usr/SUNWale/bin/talk application is required because /bin/talk is not localized. talk commandBDF, xtobdfxtobdf commandSimplified Chinese Solaris software provides this BDF font generator:xtobdf -- Convert from font in X server to font in BDFConvtoolfile conversioniconvConvtool is a graphic user interface utility that enables file conversion between various code sets. Its functionality is the same as iconv.To get a list of the conversion options that are available on the system, select "Available Conversions" from the File pull-down menu. After you select one conversion from the list, the fields for the source and destination code set will be filled automatically. The conversion options are the same as those available through iconv.Convtool can be launched through the App Manager interface.iconv commandconverting filesfiles, conversionThe iconv command converts the characters or sequences of characters in a file from one code set to another and writes the results to standard output. Simplified Chinese Solaris software includes special filters for the iconv command.If no conversion exists for a particular character, it is converted to the underscore "_" in the target codeset. The following options are supported:-f from code -- Symbol of the input code set.-t to code -- Symbol of the output code set.The following code set conversion modules are supported in Simplified Chinese Solaris software.Table 6-1 CodeSymbolTarget CodeSymbolGB2312-80zh_CN.eucISO 2022-7zh_CN.iso2022-7ISO 2022-7zh_CN.iso2022-7GB2312-80zh_CN.eucGB2312-80zh_CN.eucISO 2022-CNzh_CN.iso2022-CNISO-2022-CNzh_CN.iso2022-CNGB2312-80zh_CN.eucUTF-8UTF-8GB2312-80zh_CN.eucGB2312-80zh_CN.eucUTF-8UTF-8 GB2312-80zh_CN.eucBIG5zh_TW-big5BIG5zh_TW.big5GB2312-80zh_CN.eucHZ-GB-2312HZ-GB-2312GB2312-80zh_CN.eucGB2312-80zh_CN.eucHZ-GB-2312zh_CN.eucTable 6-2 CodeSymbolTarget CodeSymbolUTF-8UTF-8GBKzh_CN.gbkGBKzh_CN.gbkUTF-8UTF-8GBKzh_CN.gbkISO-2022-CNzh_CN.iso2022-CNISO-2022-CNzh_CN.iso2022-CNGBKzh_CN.gbkGBKzh_CN.gbkBIG5zh_TW-big5BIG5zh_TW-big5GBKzh_CN.gbkHZ-GB-2312HZ-GB-2312GBKzh_CN.gbkGBKzh_CN.gbkHZ-GB-2312zh_CN.gbkHZ-GB-2312HZ-GB-2312UTF-8UTF-8UTF-8UTF-8HZ-GB-2312HZ-GB-2312The following iconv code conversion modules are located in /usr/lib/iconv :For the zh locale:zh_CN.euc%zh_TW-big5.so zh_TW-big5%zh_CN.euc.so For the zh.GBK locale:UTF-8%zh_CN.gbk.so zh_CN.gbk%UTF-8.so zh.CN.gbk%zh_CN.iso2022-CN.so zh_CN.iso2022-CN%zh_CN.gbk.so zh_CN.gbk%zh_TW-big5.so zh_TW-big5%zh_CN.gbk.so In the following example, an EUC mail file is converted to ISO 2022-CN:system% iconv -f zh_CN.euc -t zh_CN.iso2022-CN mail.euc > mail.iso2022-CNFor further information, see the iconv(3) and iconv_zh(5) man pages. These utilities can be used for converting files for printing. See Simplified Chinese Solaris System Administrator's Guide for more information.Chapter 77. FontsThis chapter describes the PostScript fonts included in the Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment, what you need to use them, and how to edit them.PostScript fontsThe Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment provides PostScript fonts in the Display PostScript System (DPS). This section describes what you need to use DPS in Simplified Chinese Solaris software. For further details, see Programming the Display PostScript System with X, published by Adobe Systems.Display PostScript System (DPS)The Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment includes the fonts listed in the following table. You can use any of the Simplified Chinese fonts just as you would use Roman fonts.Table 7-1 Font NameDescriptionSong-MediumAlias of Song-Medium-EUC; can be used like a Roman font.Song-Medium-EUCSong-Medium font, EUC encoding, horizontal display; can be used like a Roman font.Kai-MediumAlias of Kai-Medium-EUC; can be used like a Roman font.Kai-Medium-EUCKai-Medium font, EUC encoding, horizontal display; can be used like a Roman font.FangSong-MediumAlias of FangSong-Medium-EUC; can be used like a Roman font.FangSong-Medium-EUCFangSong-Medium font, EUC encoding, horizontal display; can be used like a Roman font.Hei-MediumAlias of Hei-Medium-EUC; can be used like a Roman font.Hei-Medium-EUCHei-Medium font, EUC encoding, horizontal display; can be used like a Roman font.fontsSong fontsThe following figure shows a sample of Song-Medium.

Figure 7-1

You can create composite fonts using any one Roman font and the Simplified Chinese fonts. For example, the following PostScript code defines a composite font, Times-Italic+Kai-Medium, which uses Times-Italic for ASCII characters and Kai-Medium font for Simplified Chinese characters:/makeEUCfont { /AsianFont exch def /WestFont exch def /NewFont exch def /CIDInit /ProcSet findresource begin NewFont [ AsianFont WestFont ] beginrearrangedfont 1 usefont 1 beginbfrange <00> <7e> <00> endbfrange endrearrangedfont end } bind def /LC_Times-Roman /Times-Roman /Kai-Medium makeEUCfontYou can use Simplified Chinese fonts just as you use Roman fonts in DPS wrap definitions. The following code sample creates the display in the next figure. defineps PSWDisplayText(char *text) /pointSize 50 def /Helvetica pointSize selectfont (Hello World) stringwidth pop 2 div neg 0 moveto (Hello World) show /cpSize 40 def /Song-Medium cpSize selectfont (text) stringwidth pop 2 div neg pointSize neg moveto (text) show endpsYou can call PSWDisplayText(Chinese text) in a C program to display the designated Chinese text. For an example see the following figure.PSWDisplayText()

Figure 7-2

Simplified Chinese Solaris software provides TrueType support in DPS.This section shows you how to edit or create and install new characters in Portable Compiled Format (PCF) format fonts used by the Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment. You can then save your changes and use the edited font(s) on your local system. This process involves the following steps: Portable Compiled Format (PCF) fontsfontsPortable Compiled Format (PCF)editing fontsPreparing a workspace for the font(s) you edit or create. Editing Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF) font file(s) with Font Editor. Converting BDF font file(s) to PCF format.Making the font(s) usable on your system.Create a new directory workspace for editing fonts, for example: system% mkdir /tmp/newfont Change your working directory to that directory: system% cd /tmp/newfont The Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment provides the Font Editor for editing bitmap fonts. Start the Font Editor.A Font Editor window is displayed. system% fontedit fontedit commandFont Editor does not operate on PCF format font files (.pcf file extension), which are used by Solaris software. This tool handles only fonts in BDF, a portable format defined by the MIT X Consortium. Locate the Simplified Chinese font file you want to edit in BDF format. Its encoding should start at 8481 (0x2121). For example, say you have a BDF file such as myfont14.bdf: STARTFONT 2.1 COMMENT Sample Font FONT Myfont-Medium14 SIZE 14 75 75... STARTCHAR C101 ENCODING 8481 ...Hold down the MENU mouse button on the Font Editor window's File button and select Load... on the pull down menu.Type the name of the BDF file you want to edit, for example myfont14.bdf, in the Font Name field of the Load pop-up window.Click SELECT on the Load button in the pop-up.This loads the file.Click SELECT on the Font Editor main window Select button.This displays the Select window, where you do the following steps. Type the high and low bytes of the font encoding code for the character you want to edit, for example 0x3302.You can use the Next (right arrow) button or Previous (left arrow) button to increase or decrease the high or low byte.Set Code Length to MultiByte for this Simplified Chinese font. You would set Code Length to SingleByte for an ASCII/English font.Click on the Edit button (in the Fontedit: Select window) to display the glyph on the main canvas.The specified glyph appears in the Font Editor window.Edit the glyph on the main canvas by turning pixels on/off:Click the SELECT mouse button to turn on a pixel. Click the ADJUST mouse button to turn off a pixel. Hold down the MENU mouse button for a menu of additional functions.Note - The character glyph in the upper left corner of the main window shows the actual appearance of the glyph as you turn its pixels on and off.When you finish editing the glyph, click SELECT on the Store button.Repeat the preceding steps Step 5 through Step 9 to edit other glyphs in this font. After you finish editing, hold down MENU on the File button and select Save... to save the edited glyph(s) in the font file. Before applications can use the modified BDF file, it must be converted to a PCF format file.Make the edited font usable by the Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment by converting to X11 PCF format as follows:system% bdftopcf -o myfont14.pcf myfont.bdfFor more information, see the bdftopcf(1) man page. To add a new bitmap, move the .pcf font file into your font directory. You may compress the .pcf font file before moving it to your font directory: system% compress myfont14.pcfRun the following commands in your font directory.The .bdf file should not be in the font directory.system% cat >> fonts.alias -new-myfont-medium-r-normal--16-140-75-75-c-140-gb2312.1980-0 Myfont-Medium14' ^D system% mkfontdir system% xset +fp `pwd`You can view your font using the X Font Displayer (xfd) by typing:system% xfd -fn Myfont-Medium14All Simplified Chinese fonts have XLFD font names, and you can use the xlsfonts utility to display these names as follows:system% xlsfonts | grep gb2312You can create new characters using the drawing tools in the sdtudctool utility. (For information on modifying a font, see "Editing Fonts With fontedit".) The new characters you create with sdtudctool can be saved in the five empty code positions between level-1 and level-2 Chinese characters (from 0xD7FA to 0xD7FE). The sdtudctool utility supports bitmap, Type 1, and CID fonts. You can also specify a font size for the new characters. This section contains procedures for using sdtudctool.CID fontssdtudctool, usingfontssdtudctool utilityNote - Currently sdtudctool supports only EUC locales, such as zh. This utility is therefore not available in the zh_GBK locale.This section contains instructions for creating new characters with the sdtudctool utility.To start the utility, type the following command:system% sdtudctoolThe following window appears. Click Character.The following dialog box appears:Specify the code position of the new character.Create the outline or bitmap for the character using the drawing tools.Click Save to save the character.Continue creating new characters.When you are finished, choose Save from the File menu to save the changes to your environment.The new character(s) are saved in $HOME/.Xlocale/zh/fonts/UDC.UDC directoryfontsUDC directoryChoose Options from the File menu.The Options dialog box appears.Turn on Append Font Path to append the UDC font aliases to your font path. Turn on Save Font Path to add the font files to the system font path. The new font files (located in $HOME/.Xlocale/zh/fonts/UDC) will be listed in the $HOME/.OWfontpath file and made available to the X server the next time you log in. If Save Font Path is off, the font files will still be saved in $HOME/.Xlocale/zh/fonts/UDC, but will not be added to the system fontpath the next time you log in.Choose one or more of the following font sizes (in points) for the bitmap fonts: 12, 14, 16, 20, 24.To view the character reference, click the icon below the Help menu. The following window appears.To close the window, click the icon again.To type the characters you created, use the Location code input mode (for more information, see "Location Code Mode ").Location code input modeinput methodsLocationQuWei input methodSee Location code input modeChapter 88. Simplified Chinese Printing FacilitiesprintingThe Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment supports printing Simplified Chinese output through the following types of printing facilities:Line printer containing built-in Simplified Chinese fontsPostScript-based printer Note - Before you can print Simplified Chinese, a system administrator must set up your Simplified Chinese printing support as described in Simplified Chinese Solaris System Administrator's Guide.You can use the Simplified Chinese Solaris xetops utility to print files containing Chinese text on a PostScript printer. These printing facilities can be used directly from a command line or from within Simplified Chinese Solaris applications as discussed in the following sections.xetops print filterprintingusing xetops print filterThe Simplified Chinese Solaris operating environment uses EUC code sets. Its printing applications (such as desktop tools) generate PostScript code that uses EUC. If you use different PostScript printing, make sure it has the same capabilities. To print an EUC file, use the command in the following example: system% lp EUC_filename To print a GB format file on a printer that supports this format, use the following command: system% lp -T GB GB_filename For more information on setting up the GB filter, see Simplified Chinese Solaris System Administrator's Guide.The xetops utility converts Chinese text into a bitmapped graphics printed image. A typical command line for printing a file named filename containing Simplified Chinese characters, with or without ASCII/English characters, would be as follows: system% pr filename | xetops | lpMake filename the name of the file to print. This file may contain ASCII/English characters as well as Chinese. Refer to the xetops(1) man page for more detailed information. The xetops utility allows you to print Simplified Chinese characters using a PostScript-based printer. xetops print filter In the zh.GBK locale, the xetops utility allows you to print Simplified Chinese characters using TrueType or Bitmap fonts. For TrueType fonts, you can select four typefaces, including FangSongTi, SongTi, HeiTi, and KaiTi. For usage information on xetops, typesystem% xetops -hThe following syntax information is returned:xetops [-r] [-B|[-T [-t S|F|K|H] [-s [i]|m|c] [-p A3|A4|A5|B5|USLtr|USLgl] [-o length=i|c| [,width=i|c]] [filename]The options for xetops are as following: printingwith xetops utility-r: prints the file in landscape mode. -B: prints the file using bitmap fonts. (The default is TrueType SongTi font.) bitmap fonts, printing with-T: prints the file using TrueType fonts.TrueType fonts, printing with-t: use this option to specify up to four typefaces. S indicates SongTi, F indicates FangSongTi, K indicates KaiTi, and H indicates HeiTi. SongTi fontFangSongTi fontKaiTi fontHeiTi fontfontsspecfying in xetops-s: designates the size of each character. i stands for inches, m stands for millimeters, and c stands for centimeters. (The default is inches.) -p: specifies the paper size (A3, A4, A5, B5, US Letter, or US Legal).. paper size, with xetops utility-o: specifies the length and width of the paper. i stands for inches, and c stands for centimeters. (The default is the number of the lines.)Here are some examples of pr and xetops. The following command: xetops print filterexamplessystem% pr filename | xetops | lpwill print the file using the SongTi TrueType font. The printed characters will be 4mm in size. The following command:system% pr filename | xetops -t K -s 8m | lpwill print the file using the KaiTi TrueType font. The printed characters will be 8mm in size. The following command:system% xetops -t H -s 1.2 filename | lpwill print the file using the HeiTi TrueType font. The printed characters will be 1.2 inches in size. The following command:system% xetops -B filename | lpwill print the file using a bitmap font.A new and enhanced mp(1)print filter is available in the Solaris 8 environment to print various input file formats including flat text files written in UTF-8. It uses TrueType and Type 1 scalable fonts and X11 bitmap fonts available on the Solaris system.The output from the utility is standard PostScript, and can be sent to any PostScript printer.Note - Starting with the next release of the Solaris environment, xutops (10) will be obsolete.To print with the mp utility, type the following: system% mp filename | lpYou can also use the utility as a filter, as the utility accepts stdin stream:system% cat filename | mp | lpYou can set the utility as a printing filter for a line printer. For example, the following command sequence tells the printer service LP that the printer lp1 accepts only mp format files. This command line also installs the printer lp1 on port /dev/ttya. See the lpadmin (1m) man page for more details.system% lpadmin -p lp1 -v /dev/ttya -I MP system% accept lp1 system% enable lp1 You can add the lpfilter utility for a filter by using the lpfilter(1M) command as follows:system% lpfilter -f filtername -F pathnameThe lpfilter command tells LP that a converter (in this case, xutops) is available through the filter description file named pathname. The pathname can be determined as follows:Input types: simple Output types: MP Command: /usr/bin/mp The filter converts the default type file input to PostScript output using /usr/bin/mp.To print a UTF-8 text file, use the following command:system% lp -T MP UTF-8-fileFor more details on the mp(1) command, refer to the mp(1) man page.Appendix AA. Open Windows InformationThis appendix includes information specific to the OpenWindows environment.This section describes the Simplified Chinese localization. The Simplified Chinese localization of Sun's internationalized OpenWindows environment includes enhancements for handling appropriate linguistic and cultural conventions, which it provides to two broad working environments: A localized user environment, which includes localized DeskSet tools and window manager (olwm) that communicate with users in Simplified Chinese. olwm Window ManagerA localized development environment, which programmers use to develop localized applications, with Xlib and the XView Toolkit, which have been internationalized for this use. Programmer/developers should refer to Solaris Internationalization Guide for Developers. XViewThe Localization category in the Workspace Properties worksheet lets you set the locale for applications to start in. With this page you can set the Basic Setting, Display Language, Input Language, Numeric Format, and Time Format for new application windows from inside the Simplified Chinese OpenWindows environment. localizationOpenWindowsThese settings take effect each time a local application is started. Application windows are displayed in the currently set locale. After you change the locale, new application windows are displayed in the new locale, but existing application windows stay in the locale in which they were originally started. OPEN LOOK DeskSet toolsDeskSet toolstoolsDeskSetThe following DeskSet tools are provided in this Solaris release. All can handle Simplified Chinese language input and output. A manual page is provided for each. Audio Tool - Tool for recording, playing, editing, and controlling workstation audio parameters. Binder - Tool for defining which actions associate with which file type. This association can be set graphically. Calculator - Visual calculator for use with mouse or keyboard. Calendar Manager - Manages business and social appointments; can use electronic mail to send automatic reminders. Clock - Displays current analog or digital time. Command Tool - Standard OPEN LOOK scrolling window terminal emulator. File Manager - Graphical tool for accessing files and directories. Represents file types with varying colors and icons. Navigates through the file system with the mouse. Font Editor - Visual tool for editing font appearance and creating new fonts. Icon Editor - Visual tool for editing icon appearance and creating new icons. Image Tool - Interactive image viewer. Image Tool can be used to view the contents of file types such as GIF, TIFF, JPEG, PostScript, and others.Mail Tool - Tool for handling electronic mail. Performance Meter - Real-time system performance meter that can display a variety of data. Print Tool - Graphical front-end to the print command. It supports OPEN LOOK drag-and-drop file transfer operations. Shell Tool - Standard OPEN LOOK non-scrolling window terminal emulator. The window behaves like an ASCII character terminal for entry of UNIX commands at a system shell prompt and other terminal operations.Snapshot - Tool to snap or capture picture of a window or region of a screen in a bitmap (raster file). Used for capturing screen image displays in this user's guide. Tape Tool - Graphical tool for controlling the tape driver. Text Editor - Visual text editor used in OpenWindows tools such as the Mail Tool composition window. This section describes the OpenWindows files required for using the Simplified Chinese operating environment.OpenWindowsstartingBefore you log in, your system administrator should have set your required user environment variables and corresponding entries in the .cshrc file in your home directory. These system environment variables are essential to using Simplified Chinese features. .cshrc fileenvironment variablesThese system environment variables might not have been set. So the first time you log in, before you start OpenWindows for the first time, check to make sure lines like the following are in the .cshrc file in your home directory: login setenv LANG zh setenv OPENWINHOME /usr/openwin set path=( /usr/SUNWale/bin $OPENWINHOME/bin $path ) ... if ($?USER != 0 && $?prompt != 0) then /bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw endifMake sure the LANG variable is set to C (ASCII) or zh (Chinese) before the if...endif statement and that no prompt is set before the if...endif. LANG environment variable Simplified Chinese locale in OpenWindowsIf these lines are not present or are different, contact your system administrator. If you are your own system administrator or an advanced user, refer to Simplified Chinese Solaris System Administrator's Guide for further information on setting up your Simplified Chinese Solaris system. .openwin-init fileIf you have a .openwin-init file in your home directory and might use the Simplified Chinese character input facilities, check this file for the presence of an htt command, as described in "How and When htt Is Started". .xinitrc fileIf your system has a .xinitrc file in your home directory, check and make sure it contains at least the lines provided in Simplified Chinese Solaris $OPENWINHOME/lib/Xinitrc file.After you verify that your .cshrc file has set your user environment correctly for Simplified Chinese language operation, you are ready to start the Chinese OpenWindows environment as follows: OpenWindowsstarting Workspace PropertiesType the following command at the system prompt to start the Simplified Chinese OpenWindows environment: system% openwin The Simplified Chinese OpenWindows Workspace Properties worksheet contains a localization field. To change the language setting for the next OpenWindows tool you start:Choose Properties... on the main window Workspace menu. Choose the Locale category on the Category pull down menu. localizationLocalization Category menuThe English and Simplified Chinese versions of the Workspace Properties worksheet appear as follows: You can set the display and input mechanisms of the Simplified Chinese OpenWindows environment by using the Locale field in the Workspace Properties worksheet. You can switch between the U.S.A. and the China setting. localizationOpenWindows menuThe Locale setting determines which characters (ASCII, Simplified Chinese) appear in new tool windows when they are started. Changing the locale does not affect the appearance or operation of tools windows that are started before the change.To change the Locale setting on the Workspace Properties worksheet (and in the .OWdefaults file as explained in Simplified Chinese Solaris System Administrator's Guide): locale settingin OpenWindows .XdefaultsSee .OWdefaults file Workspace Propertiessettings .OWdefaults fileAccess the Workspace Properties Locale worksheet.Change the Locale setting by choosing U.S.A. or China on the Basic Locale menu. localeWorkspace PropertiesThe English and the Simplified Chinese versions of this worksheet appear as follows. In this example, China is selected as the locale. Click the Apply button to set the locale on the system. setting localein OpenWindowsThe English version of this menu is on the left and the Simplified Chinese equivalent is on the right.Clicking Apply then applies these settings, overwriting your current .OWdefaults file. This file contains the start-up settings OpenWindows uses to start your applications. For explanations of the contents and functions of the .OWdefaults file, refer to Solaris Internationalization Guide for Developers and Simplified Chinese Solaris System Administrator's Guide. In the OpenWindows environment, the .openwin-init file in the user's home directory is referenced if it exists. Therefore, if the user's .openwin-init file lacks a line to start htt, htt is not started when the OpenWindows environment is started up. (Refer to "Checking Your User Environment for the First Time".) For your applications' Simplified Chinese input functions to operate as intended, the .openwin-init script must start htt before the script starts an application that uses htt for Simplified Chinese character input. If htt is started after the application, only a root-window style input method server window can be used, as shown in "htt Application Display". .openwin-init fileThe OpenWindows WorkspaceUtilitiesSave Workspace function writes or rewrites a user's .openwin-init file when it saves the current configuration of the workspace screen. So after each time you use the Save Workspace pull down menu selection, or edit .openwin-init, check your .openwin-init file and make sure the htt command (see above) precedes any line that starts an application that takes Simplified Chinese character input. httstartup .openwin-init fileSuch placement of this command ensures future correct connection to htt if the OpenWindows system is restarted later. A manual edit to .openwin-init will be overwritten the next time you use the Save Workspace function. You can save and use your edits by first exiting and then restarting the OpenWindows environment. httYou can use the Workspace Properties menu to set up the xetops print filter.printingin OpenWindowsxetops print filterType it in the Properties worksheet as follows:This section describes how to customize your workspace.The localized language functions of Simplified Chinese Solaris applications use font sets, or groups of fonts, including ASCII character fonts and non-ASCII Simplified Chinese character fonts. These combinations of fonts are required for Simplified Chinese display. They can be used, as font names are, in customizing your workspace as described in Solaris User's Guide.A Simplified Chinese font set is composed of one English font, representing codeset 0 (ASCII) characters in GB1988.1989-0 or ISO8859-1, and one Simplified Chinese font representing gb2312.1980-0 characters. font setsSimplified ChineseSimplified Chinesefont setsSimplified Chinese Solaris 8 provides some default font sets defined in application defaults files in /usr/dt/app-defaults/zh/*. The following is an excerpt from one of the files, Dtwm: Dtwm*icon*fontList: \ -dt-interface system-medium-r-normal-s*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*:This portion of the file refers to a font set containing two fonts previously mentioned that are included in the zh locale. -dt-interface system-medium-r-normal-s serif-14-120-75-75-p-60-gb1988.1989-0 -dt-interface system-medium-r-normal-s serif-14-120-75-75-p-120-gb2312.1980-0The first is an English font for codeset 0 (ASCII) character font display. The second is a Simplified Chinese font for codeset 1 (GB2312.1980) character font display.Note that these fonts are defined in the file /usr/openwin/lib/locale/zh/X11/fonts/75dpi/fonts.alias.When you start an Asian Solaris tool at the command line, you can also specify its fonts. Below is an example of a command line argument used to start a Simplified Chinese Windows terminal with a specified font set:system% dtterm -fn "-dt-interface system-medium-r-normal-s \ serif-14-120-75-75-p-60-gb1988.1989-0; \ -dt-interface system-medium-r-normal-s \ serif-14-120-75-75-p-120-gb2312.1980-0:"Note the two delimiters used in the font set. The ";" delimiter is used to separate the font names except for the last font name, which ends with the ":" delimiter. (In the example above, ";" follows the English font name, and the ":" delimiter follows the Simplified Chinese font name.) Since there are spaces in the long font names, the font list is enclosed in quotation marks.applicationsstarting with specific font setA command line that starts a Simplified Chinese OpenWindows application can specify the application's font. When the current locale is Simplified Chinese, the command uses one of the defined font-set aliases instead (explained in the following section), for example: fontsspecifying at command linesystem% cmdtool -font fontset_name &But when the current locale is C the command uses a font name and cannot use a font-set alias. The following shows a command using the long name of an ASCII character font: system% cmdtool -font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--9-80-100-100-c-60-iso8859-1 &font setsfontsfont names and font setsSimplified Chinese Solaris software provides several Song-style font sets that combine two or more fonts so both English and Chinese characters can be used together in one window. Each font set comprises one Roman font (ASCII characters) in the ISO8859 standard plus a bitmap Chinese font specified in GB2312-80. A few examples are: ISO8859 standard, fonts fontsISO8859 GB2312-80fonts fontsGB2312-80song12 song14songb14song16song20song24 Each of these font sets is made up of two font files. The $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/zh/OW_FONT_SETS/OpenWindows.fs file defines the full Simplified Chinese Solaris font set.OpenWindowsscaling application windows and fontsscaling windows and fontsapplication windowsscalingfontsscalingThe $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/zh/OW_FONT_SETS/OpenWindows.fs file also sets the following font size definitions for use in command lines: -small=12 points -medium=14 points (default size)-large=16 points -extra_large=24 pointsFor example, the following command line starts a Command Tool window that uses 16-point type and is scaled proportionally larger than the default:system% cmdtool -scale large &Appendix BB. Backward CompatibilityThis appendix contains information for making programs backward-compatible with earlier versions of Asian Solaris Software. Every utility described is supported, but for this version of Solaris, you are encouraged to use the XPG4 internationalization APIs as described in Solaris Internationalization Guide for Developers. backward compatibilitycompatibility, backwardThese utilities test various aspects of the Simplified Chinese (GB-2312-80) national standard character set. They also assume that the character being tested is part of the national standard character set.The arguments for the functions in these tables must be a character in WC, wchar_t. For more information, see the cctype(3x) man page. Table B-1 RoutineDescriptionischanziReturns true if it is a Hanzi ideogram in GB-2312-80.iscaccentReturns true if it is an accent notation in GB-2312-80.iscphoneticReturns true if it is a phonetic symbol in GB-2312-80.iscpinyin Returns true if it is a Pinyin symbol in GB-2312-80.iscalphaReturns true if it is a Roman alphabetic in GB-2312-80.iscdigitReturns true if it is a Roman digit in GB-2312-80.iscnumberReturns true if it is a number in GB-2312-80.isclowerReturns true if it is a Roman lowercase in GB-2312-80.iscupperReturns true if it is a Roman uppercase in GB-2312-80.iscblankReturns true if it is a white space character from GB-2312-80.iscspaceReturns true if it is a space character from GB-2312-80.iscgenReturns true if it is a graphic or general symbol in GB-2312-80.iscsciReturns true if it is a scientific symbol in GB-2312-80.isclineReturns true if it is a ruled line symbol in GB-2312-80.iscunitReturns true if it is a unit character in GB-2312-80.iscparenReturns true if it is a right or left parenthesis in GB-2312-80.iscpunctReturns true if it is a punctuation character in GB-2312-80.iscgreekReturns true if it is a Greek character in GB-2312-80.iscrussianReturns true if it is a Russian character in GB-2312-80.iscspecialReturns true if it is a Greek or Russian character in GB-2312-80.ischiraReturns true if it is a Japanese Hiragana character in GB-2312-80.isckataReturns true if it is a Japanese Katakana character in GB-2312-80.Two additional routines for Simplified Chinese, iscgb and isceuc, test for characters from the GB-2312-80 character set. The iscgb routine expects a wide character, and isceuc expects a GB-2312-80 character in EUC format. For more information, see the cctype(3x) man page. Table B-2 RoutineDescriptioniscgbReturns true if it is in GB-2312-80.isceuc Returns true if it is a GB-2312-80 character in EUC format.This section describes functions for wide character and string input and output, character classification, and conversion functions for the Simplified Chinese character sets. Solaris 2.7 software implements a wide character library for handling Simplified Chinese character codes according to industry standards. Routines that have Chinese language-specific dependency are in their own language-specific library, which is linked with the corresponding C compiler option. Simplified Chinese Solaris libcle is linked with -lcleRefer to the appropriate man pages for more information.Asian Solaris software defines WC as a constant-width, four-byte code. WC uses the ANSI C data type wchar_t, which Solaris software defines in wchar.h as follows: typedef long wchar_h;In Solaris software, long is four bytes. utilitiesconversionconversion utilitiesThe conversion functions described in this section are available, but you should use iconv() as a standard function.Simplified Chinese Solaris software provides facilities for various conversions, for example:Characters within a codeset, such as converting uppercase ASCII to lowercase.Between different conventions for national standard character sets, such as GB and EUC.Between code formats (such as converting between EUC and WC).Programs using the general multibyte conversion utilities should include the header files widec.h and wctype.h. Simplified Chinese Solaris specific routines (such as iscxxx) are declared in zh/xctype.h.Programs using general multibyte conversion utilities should include three header files: wctype.h, widec.h, and zh/xctype.h.The locale/xctype.h file declares the Chinese locale-specific routines, which have names of the form iscxxxx: As with the classification functions described in the previous section, the use of these functions can be controlled by the setlocale function (described elsewhere in this and other chapters).Locale-specific conversion routines (such as Chinese cgbtoeuc) are contained in the libcle library: This library can be linked during compilation using the C compiler option -lcle. conversionin codesetscodeset conversionThe multibyte conversion functions are similar to the one-byte conversion functions toupper and tolower. These functions convert wide-characters to other wide characters. For more information on conversion routines, see the man pages for wconv(3) and cconv(3). The following routines are in the regular Chinese C library: Table B-3 FunctionDescriptiontocupperConverts codeset 1 Roman lowercase to uppercasetoclowerConverts codeset 1 Roman uppercase to lowercaseIn the Simplified Chinese character sets, the Roman characters and numbers in codeset 0 are repeated in codeset 1. The following functions test wide characters.Table B-4 FunctionDescriptionatocgbConverts alphabetic or numeric characters in ASCII (codeset 0) to the corresponding characters in GB-2312-80 (codeset 1).cgbtoaConverts alphabetic or numeric characters in GB-2312-80 (codeset 1) to the corresponding characters in ASCII (codeset 0).For further information on these functions, see the man page for cconv()(3x).convertingGB-2312-80 character codesGB-2312-80 code conversionThe following routines do character-based code conversion on the GB-2312-80 character set. They convert characters and strings between EUC format and GB-2312-80 format. To use these routines, the library libcle must be linked using the C compiler option -lcle. For further information, see the cconv(3x) man page. Table B-5 FunctionDescriptioncgbtoeucConverts a character in GB-2312-80 format (7 bit) to EUC format scgbtoeucConverts a string in GB-2312-80 format (7 bit) to EUC format sncgbtoeucConverts part of a string in GB-2312-80 format (7 bit) to EUC formateuctocgbConverts a character in EUC format to GB-2312-80 format (7 bit)seuctocgbConverts a string in EUC format in GB-2312-80 format (7 bit)sneuctocgbConverts a part of a string in EUC to GB-2312-80 format (7 bit)Applications compiled under Chinese OpenWindows 2.x or Solaris 1.x or SunOS 4.x systems have different binary formats than the current Chinese Solaris release. Older applications can nevertheless be run under the current Chinese release without being recompiled by using its included binary compatibility package (BCP). binary compatibility package (BCP)Note - SUNWowbcp must be included in your system configuration in order for you to run the following commands. See your system administrator for installation. The following BCP command runs the compiled binary code of earlier SunOS4.x /Solaris 1.x /Chinese OpenWindows 2.x applications without recompilation, although OpenWindows V2 Chinese applications display no input server status region. As shown in the following examples, the command calls the application by its old name (old_application_name) and sets the basic locale, input language, and display language using the older version's specific locale name (oldlocale): OpenWindowsV2 applicationssystem% old_application_name -lc_basiclocale oldlocale -lc_inputlang oldlocale \ -lc_displaylang oldlocaleFor a current Simplified Chinese Solaris release system to run the compiled binary code of an earlier version of the textedit application enter, for example: system% textedit -lc_displaylang chinese -lc_basiclocale chinese -lc_inputlang chineseIncompatibilities between Simplified Chinese Solaris 2.x and 1.x applications do not permit cutting and pasting of Chinese characters between them.Appendix CC. Running Networked Applications networked applicationsremote applicationsapplicationsrunning remotelyYou can run Simplified Chinese localized applications on a remote machine as explained in Appendix C, "Networked Applications," in Solaris Advanced User's Guide. That guide describes the advanced features of the OpenWindows environment that enable you to run applications that reside on another machine on your network.Note - Most users do not need to read this appendix. If you want to explore running networked applications, ask your system administrator if there are any special applications available on your network.Applications running on Simplified Chinese OpenWindows 2.x can be displayed remotely on an Simplified Chinese OpenWindows 3.x system. Simplified Chinese OpenWindows 3.x applications may not be able to be displayed remotely in an Simplified Chinese OpenWindows 2.x environment because not all 3.x system fonts are available in 2.x environments.You must follow the information and directions in Appendix C, "Networked Applications," in Solaris Advanced User's Guide, which you should read thoroughly. You must additionally make the following adjustments to enable operation of the Simplified Chinese features of the Chinese OpenWindows environment.environment variablesremote environment variablesTo run a networked application on a remote machine you must set your environment variables correctly, as follows:The DISPLAY environment variable in your shell on the remote machine must be set to your local screen DISPLAY environment variable environment variablesDISPLAYThe LANG environment variable in your shell on the remote machine must be set to zh, zh.GBK or zh.UTF-8. LANGenvironment variable environment variablesLANGIf the OpenWindows libraries have not been installed in the standard /usr/lib or /usr/local shared library directories, you must set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to the appropriate directory ($OPENWINHOME/lib)Typically, an application uses the value of the LANG environment variable to set each category that has not been set explicitly using LC_XXX.The following sequence of commands is an example of starting a Shell Tool on a remote Simplified Chinese Solaris 1.x (including Simplified Chinese OpenWindows 2.x) machine. In this example, your local machine is running Solaris 2.x (including Simplified Chinese OpenWindows 3.x) , and the remote machine (where you start the Shell Tool) has Simplified Chinese Solaris 1.x, including Simplified Chinese OpenWindows 2.x:Type the following command. local_machine% xhost +remote_machineLog in on the remote machine. local_machine% rlogin remote_machineorlocal_machine% telnet remote_machine Set the language locale on the remote machine.remote_machine% setenv LANG chineseSet the remote machine to display on your local machine. remote_machine% setenv DISPLAY local_machine:0.0 Set the OpenWindows environment home directory. remote_machine% setenv OPENWINHOME /usr/openwinSet the path to the OpenWindows LD library.remote_machine% setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $OPENWINHOME/libStart an OpenWindows application, for example, a Shell Tool: remote_machine% $OPENWINHOME/bin/xview/shell tool -lc_basiclocale oldlocale -lc_inputlang oldlocale -lc_displaylang oldlocaleTo run a different application, use that application's command in place of shelltool.GlossaryGlossaryANSIAmerican National Standards Institute. ANSI proposes standard definitions for different computing languages. The most recent standard for the C language, prepared by the ANSI C X3J11 Committee, includes library functions for computing with multibyte characters for international usage, as well as a new data type, wchar_t, for dealing with four-byte characters. This standard is not completed, so it is referred to as the "proposed ANSI C standard," or ANSI C-X3J11. ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A seven bit code containing English upper and lowercase letters, punctuation, numbers and control codes. The eighth bit in each byte is used by different applications for parity checking, communication and message passing protocols, compacting data, or other purposes. Applications that are intended to be internationalized cannot utilize this bit if they are going to use multiple code sets or multibyte characters, and utilities that handle multiple code sets or multibyte characters.Category In the Simplified Chinese Solaris documentation set, category is related to localization. A category is a portion of a country's language representation and cultural conventions. For instance, the date is often represented in the U.S. as Month, Day, Year; while in another country it might be Day, Month, Year. The date and time can be thought of as one category of a local language. Categories also refer to the program categories, the environment variables that are related to categories, and the ANSI localization tables for each category.Character SetA character set is defined as a set of elements used for the organization, control, or representation of data. Character sets may be composed of alphabets, ideograms, or other units. This may seem a bit open-ended, but character sets may contain other character sets, which makes the boundaries unclear. Code setAlso called a coded character set, this is a set of unambiguous rules that establishes a character set and the one-to-one relationship between each character in the character set and its bit representation. For example, the English character set, including punctuation and numbers, can be mapped to the ASCII code set in such a way that each character corresponds to only one bit code, and no bit code corresponds to more than one character.EUCExtended UNIX Code. Describes four code sets modeled on ISO-2022. Each code set can contain one or more different character sets, like the Hangul and Hanja character sets in KS C 5601. The four code sets are referred to as codesets 0, 1, 2, and 3, and in this text they are sometimes abbreviated as cs0, cs1, cs2, and cs3. Other internationalization efforts sometimes call these g0, g1, g2, and g3. Codeset 0 is also called the primary code set, and codesets 1, 2, and 3 are called the supplementary code sets. In the Korean and Chinese implementations of the EUC codes, the primary code set (cs0) contains ASCII and begins with a zero in the most significant bit.ISOInternational Standards Organization. Composed of a number of professional societies and companies, this organization studies and makes recommendations on internationalization issues. ISO 2022 proposes and describes the Extended UNIX Codes. Other ISO proposals include the European 8-bit code and communication protocols for internationalization.LocaleA locale describes a language or cultural environment. Its setting affects the display or manipulation of language-dependent features. Simplified Chinese Solaris software provides C for U.S.A and zh for Simplified Chinese. POSIXPortable Operating System for Computer Environments. An IEEE standards group comprising seven committees that create documents for standardizing and internationalizing UNIX. POSIX document 1003.1 deals with the kernel and system calls. 1003.2 concerns the C-shell and standard libraries. The other five deal with real-time computing, communications and networking, and other issues.UnicodeThe international character set and encoding developed by the Unicode Consortium.Wide Character Code (WC)A constant-width four-byte code, called WC in Asian Solaris documentation, for the internal representation of EUC codes using the new ANSI-C data type wchar_t. Although EUC does not specify limits on the size of the supplementary code sets (codeset 0 is always one byte), WC specifies a character as four bytes. Standardizing on four bytes takes up more memory space than necessary if the environment is primarily ASCII, but it also speeds processing time for strings of mixed characters; the 1000th character always begins at byte 4000 (and the 0th character starts at byte 0). This is useful for any type of indexing in applications.X/OpenX/Open started as a consortium of international UNIX vendors from Europe, USA, and Asia. It is now one of the major standards organizations like POSIX and ANSI; source of the X/Open System Interface Portability Guide.IndexIndexAddress Managerindexterm-11aliases, setting locales withuserkptproperties-ix21App Managerindexterm-12application windows, scalingindexterm-182applicationsinteraction with httindexterm-41running remotelyuserkptremotopappendix-ix138starting with specific font setindexterm-181ASCII, typinguserprcinputmethod-ix37ASCII keyboarduserkptintro-ix7Audio Toolindexterm-13Background option, in File menuindexterm-47Backspace keyindexterm-112backward compatibilityindexterm-184BDF, xtobdfuserkpttools-ix82binary compatibility package (BCP)userkptcompatappendix-ix134bitmap fonts, printing withindexterm-167Calculatorindexterm-14Calendar Managerindexterm-15calligraphy strokesuserprcinputmethod-ix48candidate select key, modifyingindexterm-145candidatesindexterm-6charactersuserkptproperties-ix16Hanziindexterm-117Chinese charactersuserkptproperties-ix17Chinese Star keyboard mappingindexterm-130CID fontsindexterm-158clekbd commanduserprcinputmethod-ix50userprcinputmethod-ix56Clockindexterm-16code tablesuserprctables-ix77userprctables-ix78codeset conversionindexterm-189comma, for toggling input method choicesindexterm-109command line options, for httindexterm-51Common Desktop Environment (CDE)indexterm-32compatibility, backwardindexterm-185Consoleindexterm-17Control-Hindexterm-113Control keysfor input modesuserprcinputmethod-ix34listinguserprcinputmethod-ix73Control-spacebar toggleindexterm-75conversion, in codesetsindexterm-188conversion managerindexterm-8Conversion Manageruserprcinputmethod-ix39conversion modesindexterm-68conversion utilitiesindexterm-187converting, GB-2312-80 character codesindexterm-190converting filesuserkpttools-ix86Convtooluserkpttools-ix84.cshrc fileindexterm-38userkptow-ix101customizing, httindexterm-56default locale, settingindexterm-34Delete keyindexterm-111DeskSet toolsuserkptow-ix99desktop toolsuserkptintro-ix8dictionary filesindexterm-123DISPLAY environment variableuserkptremotopappendix-ix141Display PostScript System (DPS)indexterm-152.dtlogin fileindexterm-36dtwmuserkptintro-ix1editing fontsindexterm-157environment variablesuserkptow-ix102userkptremotopappendix-ix139DISPLAYuserkptremotopappendix-ix142LANGuserkptremotopappendix-ix144Exit option, in File menuindexterm-46FangSongTi fontindexterm-170file conversionindexterm-149File Finderindexterm-18File Managerindexterm-19File menuindexterm-45files, conversionuserkpttools-ix87focus area, Intelligent Pinyin inputuserprcinputmethod-ix72font directories, changingindexterm-39font setsuserkptow-ix126Simplified Chineseindexterm-179fontedit commanduserprcfontedit-ix89fontsindexterm-153font names and font setsuserkptow-ix127GB2312-80userkptow-ix131ISO8859userkptow-ix129Portable Compiled Format (PCF)indexterm-156scalingindexterm-183sdtudctool utilityindexterm-160specfying in xetopsindexterm-173specifying at command lineuserkptow-ix125UDC directoryindexterm-162Function keysfor input modesuserprcinputmethod-ix35listinguserprcinputmethod-ix74GB13000-1userkptproperties-ix18GB2312-80fontsuserkptow-ix130in Location modeuserprcinputmethod-ix41GB-2312-80 code conversionindexterm-191GBK Code input methodindexterm-88indexterm-98indexterm-135GBK switch key, modifyingindexterm-146Golden input conversion modeindexterm-82userprcinputmethod-ix53userprcinputmethod-ix66phrase inputuserprcinputmethod-ix63userprcinputmethod-ix64single character inputuserprcinputmethod-ix60userprcinputmethod-ix61Graphical User Interfaceuserkptintro-ix5GUIuserkptintro-ix4Hanja input methodindexterm-92indexterm-102Hanja textindexterm-138Hanzi charactersindexterm-114HeiTi fontindexterm-172Helpindexterm-20Help menuindexterm-48httuserkptow-ix124command line optionsindexterm-52customizingindexterm-55displayindexterm-44Property Manageruserkpthtt-ix28startupuserkptow-ix122startup scriptindexterm-59startup sequenceuserkpthtt-ix29htt_propsindexterm-42htt serveruserkpthtt-ix22htt_serverindexterm-43icon, httuserkpthtt-ix25Icon Editorindexterm-21iconvindexterm-150iconv commanduserkpttools-ix85ideogramsindexterm-62Image Toolindexterm-22input, Intelligent Pinyin modeuserprcinputmethod-ix71input code tablesuserprctables-ix76input methodcreating newindexterm-147GBK Codeindexterm-89indexterm-99Goldenindexterm-83Hanjaindexterm-93indexterm-103Intelligent Pinyinindexterm-85Japaneseindexterm-91indexterm-101Locationindexterm-77New QuanPinindexterm-70indexterm-120New ShuangPinindexterm-72indexterm-121Pinyinindexterm-79Quanpyindexterm-74indexterm-133ShuangPinindexterm-127Simplified Chinese Symbolindexterm-87Strokeindexterm-81Unicodeindexterm-97Zhuyinindexterm-95indexterm-105Input Method Properties Editorindexterm-143input method server (htt)indexterm-40input methodsindexterm-67Locationindexterm-164toggling amongindexterm-110Intelligent_ABC keyboard mappingindexterm-131Intelligent Pinyin input methodindexterm-84Intelligent Pinyin input modeuserprcinputmethod-ix70intermediate representationindexterm-9ISO8859 standard, fontsuserkptow-ix128ISO/IEC10646-1 charactersuserkptproperties-ix15Japanese input methodindexterm-90indexterm-100Japanese textindexterm-137KaiTi fontindexterm-171Kanji input methodindexterm-136keybind.dat fileindexterm-148keyboardChineseuserprcinputmethod-ix59mapping Chineseuserprcinputmethod-ix57Pinyin keyboard mapuserprcinputmethod-ix46keyboard mappingsindexterm-128keyboardsuserkptintro-ix6keys, input conversion controluserprcinputmethod-ix36keystroke mapuserprcinputmethod-ix52keystrokes, Pinyinuserprcinputmethod-ix45Korean textindexterm-139LANG, environment variableuserkptremotopappendix-ix143LANG environment variableuserkptow-ix105Level 1 charactersindexterm-115Level 2 charactersindexterm-116locale, Workspace Propertiesuserkptow-ix119locale input, turning on/offindexterm-54locale setting, in OpenWindowsuserkptow-ix115localesoverviewuserkptproperties-ix10settinguserkptproperties-ix20setting defaultindexterm-35zh.GBKuserkptproperties-ix14localizationLocalization Category menuuserkptow-ix113OpenWindowsuserkptow-ix98OpenWindows menuuserkptow-ix114Location code input modeuserprcinputmethod-ix40indexterm-163Location input methodindexterm-76loginuserkptow-ix103lookup choice areaindexterm-66userprcinputmethod-ix32Lookup Tableindexterm-49Lookup Window, customizingindexterm-58Mailerindexterm-23mailx utilityuserkpttools-ix80Motifuserkptintro-ix3networked applicationsuserkptremotopappendix-ix136New QuanPinindexterm-69New QuanPin input methodindexterm-118New ShuangPinindexterm-71New ShuangPin input methodindexterm-119olwmuserkptow-ix95on/off key, customizingindexterm-53OPEN LOOK DeskSet toolsindexterm-176.openwin-init fileuserkptow-ix109userkptow-ix121userkptow-ix123OpenWindowsindexterm-33scaling application windows and fontsuserkptow-ix132startinguserkptow-ix104userkptow-ix111V2 applicationsuserkptcompatappendix-ix135.OWdefaults fileuserkptow-ix118page turn key, modifyingindexterm-144paper size, with xetops utilityindexterm-174Performance Meterindexterm-24period, for toggling input method choicesindexterm-108phonetic input, Goldenuserprcinputmethod-ix54userprcinputmethod-ix65phonetic keyboard, Chineseuserprcinputmethod-ix58phonetics, Pinyinuserprcinputmethod-ix44phrase input, Chineseuserprcinputmethod-ix68phrase text, typinguserprcinputmethod-ix62Pinyininput modeuserprcinputmethod-ix42phonetics and keystrokesuserprcinputmethod-ix43phonetics with Goldenuserprcinputmethod-ix55userprcinputmethod-ix69Pinyin input methodindexterm-78Portable Compiled Format (PCF) fontsuserprcfontedit-ix88PostScript fontsindexterm-151preedit areaindexterm-5indexterm-64userprcinputmethod-ix31Preedit Statusindexterm-50Preedit/Status window, customizingindexterm-57Print Managerindexterm-25printinguserprcprinting-ix90in OpenWindowsindexterm-177using xetops print filteruserprcprinting-ix92with xetops utilityindexterm-166Process Managerindexterm-26.profile fileindexterm-37Properties Editor toolindexterm-106Property Manager, httuserkpthtt-ix27PSWDisplayText()indexterm-155PyCiku.dat dictionary fileindexterm-124Quanpyindexterm-73Quanpy input methodindexterm-132QuWei input methodSee Location code input moderadicals, Chineseuserprcinputmethod-ix49remote applicationsuserkptremotopappendix-ix137remote environment variablesuserkptremotopappendix-ix140reverse videoindexterm-4scaling windows and fontsuserkptow-ix133scripts, htt startup scriptindexterm-60sdtudctool, usingindexterm-159separatorsindexterm-122setting locale, in OpenWindowsuserkptow-ix120ShuangPin input methodindexterm-126Simplified Chinese, font setsindexterm-180Simplified Chinese keyboardindexterm-7Simplified Chinese locale in OpenWindowsuserkptow-ix108Simplified Chinese Symbol input methodindexterm-86Simplified Chinese text, input modesindexterm-61Snapshotindexterm-27Song fontsindexterm-154SongTi fontindexterm-169status areaindexterm-2indexterm-65userprcinputmethod-ix33Stroke input methodindexterm-80Stroke input modeuserprcinputmethod-ix47charactersuserprcinputmethod-ix51strokesindexterm-134Style Managerindexterm-29Symbol input modeuserprcinputmethod-ix75talk commanduserkpttools-ix81TCA_CNS 11643-92userkptproperties-ix19terminal windowindexterm-30textChineseuserprcinputmethod-ix30intermediate representation ofindexterm-10Text Editorindexterm-28toolsDeskSetuserkptow-ix100desktopuserkptintro-ix9Properties Editorindexterm-107Traditional Chinese textindexterm-141TrueType fonts, printing withindexterm-168Ud.Ciku.dat dictionary fileindexterm-125UDC directoryindexterm-161Unicode input methodindexterm-96indexterm-142utilities, conversionindexterm-186window environmentsindexterm-31Window Manageruserkptintro-ix2userkptow-ix96windowsSimplified Chinese characters allowed inindexterm-63status areaindexterm-3Workspace Propertiesuserkptow-ix112settingsuserkptow-ix117X Windows and httuserkpthtt-ix24.XdefaultsSee .OWdefaults filexetops print filteruserprcprinting-ix91userprcprinting-ix93indexterm-178examplesindexterm-175XIMuserkpthtt-ix23.xinitrc fileuserkptow-ix110Xlibindexterm-1xtobdf commanduserkpttools-ix83XViewuserkptow-ix97zh.GBK localeuserkptproperties-ix13zh localeuserkptproperties-ix11Zhuyin input methodindexterm-94indexterm-104indexterm-140ZiRanMa keyboard mappingindexterm-129