Preface

This manual instructs you in the use of the C++ compiler for Sun^TM Studio 12 and provides detailed information on command-line compiler options. This manual is intended for programmers with a working knowledge of C++ and some understanding of the Solaris^TM Operating System and UNIX® commands.

How This Book Is Organized

This manual covers the following topics:

C++ Compiler. Sending Your Comments provides introductory material about the compiler, such as standards conformance and new features.1.6 Native-Language Support explains how to use the compiler and 2.7.3.3 Using make With Standard Library Header Files discusses how to use the compiler’s command line options.

Writing C++ Programs. Table 3–18 discusses how to compile nonstandard code that is commonly accepted by other C++ compilers. 4.10 Using the Predefined __func__ Symbol for Function Name makes suggestions for setting up and organizing header files and template definitions. 5.2.2 Template Definitions Separate discusses how to create and use templates and 6.7.7 Building Multiple Programs Using Templates in the Same Directory explains various options for compiling templates. Exception handling is discussed in 7.5.3 Troubleshooting a Problematic Search and information about cast operations is provided in 8.6 Building Shared Libraries That Have Exceptions. 9.4.3 Casting Down or Across the Hierarchy discusses performance techniques that strongly affect the C++ compiler. 10.5 Cache Member Variables provides information about building multithreaded programs.

Libraries. 11.4.8 An Example Application explains how to use the libraries that are provided with the compiler. The C++ standard library is discussed in Caveats:, the classic iostream library (for compatibility mode) is discussed in 13.3.1 Redistribution and Supported STLport Libraries, and the complex arithmetic library (for compatibility mode) is discussed in Table 14–4. Table 15–3 provides information about building libraries.

Appendices. 16.8 Using dlopen to Access a C++ Library From a C Program lists the complete set of C++ compiler options in alphabetic order and A.2.185 -z[ ]arg lists the C++ compiler pragmas.

Typographic Conventions

Table P–1 Typeface Conventions Table

Typeface	Meaning	Examples
AaBbCc123	The names of commands, files, and directories; on-screen computer output	Edit your .login file. Use ls -a to list all files. % You have mail.
AaBbCc123	What you type, when contrasted with on-screen computer output	% su Password:
AaBbCc123	Book titles, new words or terms, words to be emphasized	Read Chapter 6 in the User’s Guide. These are called class options. You must be superuser to do this.
AaBbCc123	Command-line placeholder text; replace with a real name or value	To delete a file, type rm filename.

Table P–2 Code Conventions Table

Code Symbol	Meaning	Notation	Code Example
[ ]	Brackets contain arguments that are optional.	O[n]	O4, O
{ }	Braces contain a set of choices for a required option.	d{y|n}	dy
|	The “pipe” or “bar” symbol separates arguments, only one of which may be chosen.	B{dynamic|static}	Bstatic
:	The colon, like the comma, is sometimes used to separate arguments.	Rdir[:dir]	R/local/libs:/U/a
…	The ellipsis indicates omission in a series.	xinline=f1[,…fn]	xinline=alpha,dos

Shell Prompts

Shell	Prompt
C shell	machine-name%
C shell superuser	machine-name#
Bourne shell, Korn shell, and GNU Bourne-Again shell	$
Superuser for Bourne shell, Korn shell, and GNU Bourne-Again shell	#

Supported Platforms

This Sun Studio release supports systems that use the SPARC® and x86 families of processor architectures: UltraSPARC®, SPARC64, AMD64, Pentium, and Xeon EM64T. The supported systems for the version of the Solaris Operating System you are running are available in the hardware compatibility lists at http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/hcl. These documents cite any implementation differences between the platform types.

In this document, these x86 related terms mean the following:

• “x86” refers to the larger family of 64-bit and 32-bit x86 compatible products.

• “x64’ points out specific 64-bit information about AMD64 or EM64T systems.

• “32-bit x86” points out specific 32-bit information about x86 based systems.

For supported systems, see the hardware compatibility lists.

Accessing Sun Studio Documentation

You can access the documentation at the following locations:

• The documentation is available from the documentation index that is installed with the software on your local system or network at file:/opt/SUNWspro/docs/index.html on Solaris platforms and at file:/opt/sun/sunstudio12/docs/index.html on Linux platforms.

  If your software is not installed in the /opt directory on a Solaris platform or the /opt/sun directory on a Linux platform, ask your system administrator for the equivalent path on your system.

• Most manuals are available from the docs.sun.com^sm web site. The following titles are available through your installed software on Solaris platforms only:

  • Standard C++ Library Class Reference

  • Standard C++ Library User’s Guide

  • Tools.h++ Class Library Reference

  • Tools.h++ User’s Guide

  The release notes for both Solaris platforms and Linux platforms are available from the docs.sun.com web site.

• Online help for all components of the IDE is available through the Help menu, as well as through Help buttons on many windows and dialog boxes, in the IDE.

The docs.sun.com web site (http://docs.sun.com) enables you to read, print, and buy Sun Microsystems manuals through the Internet. If you cannot find a manual, see the documentation index that is installed with the software on your local system or network.

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Note –

Sun is not responsible for the availability of third-party Web sites mentioned in this document. Sun does not endorse and is not responsible or liable for any content, advertising, products, or other materials that are available on or through such sites or resources. Sun will not be responsible or liable for any actual or alleged damage or loss caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any such content, goods, or services that are available on or through such sites or resources.

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Documentation in Accessible Formats

The documentation is provided in accessible formats that are readable by assistive technologies for users with disabilities. You can find accessible versions of documentation as described in the following table. If your software is not installed in the /opt directory, ask your system administrator for the equivalent path on your system.

Type of Documentation	Format and Location of Accessible Version
Manuals (except third-party manuals)	HTML at http://docs.sun.com
Third-party manuals: Standard C++ Library Class Reference Standard C++ Library User’s Guide Tools.h++ Class Library Reference Tools.h++ User’s Guide	HTML in the installed software on Solaris platforms through the documentation index at file:/opt/SUNWspro/docs/index.html
Readmes	HTML on the Sun Developer Network portal at http://developers.sun.com/sunstudio/documentation/ss12
Man pages	HTML in the installed software through the documentation index at file:/opt/SUNWspro/docs/index.html on Solaris platforms, and at file:/opt/sun/sunstudio12/docs/index.html on Linux platforms,
Online help	HTML available through the Help menu and Help buttons in the IDE
Release notes	HTML at http://docs.sun.com

Related Sun Studio Documentation

The following table describes related documentation that is available at file:/opt/SUNWspro/docs/index.html and http://docs.sun.com. If your software is not installed in the /opt directory, ask your system administrator for the equivalent path on your system.

Document Title	Description
C User's Guide	Provides a reference of all compiler options, descriptions of supported ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (referred to as C99) features, implementation specifics such as pragmas and declaration specifiers, and complete information for using the lint code-checking program.
C++ User's Guide	Describes how to use the C++ compiler and provides detailed information on command-line compiler options, program organization, pragmas, templates, exception handing, using the cast operators, and using and building libraries.
Fortran Programming Guide	Describes how to write effective Fortran programs on Solaris environments; input/output, libraries, performance, debugging, and parallelization.
Fortran Library Reference	Details the Fortran library and intrinsics.
OpenMP API User’s Guide	Summary of the OpenMP multiprocessing API, with specifics about the implementation.
Numerical Computation Guide	Describes issues regarding the numerical accuracy of floating-point computations.

Accessing C++ Related Man Pages

This manual provides lists of the man pages that are available for the C++ libraries. The following table lists other man pages that are related to C++.

Title	Description
c++filt	Copies each file name in sequence and writes it in the standard output after decoding symbols that look like C++ demangled names
dem	Demangles one or more C++ names that you specify
fbe	Creates object files from assembly language source files
fpversion	Prints information about the system CPU and FPU
gprof	Produces execution profile of a program
inline	Expands assembler inline procedure calls
lex	Generates lexical analysis programs
rpcgen	Generates C/C++ code to implement an RPC protocol
sigfpe	Allows signal handling for specific SIGFPE codes
stdarg	Handles variable argument list
varargs	Handles variable argument list
version	Displays version identification of object file or binary
yacc	Converts a context-free grammar into a set of tables for a simple automaton that executes an LALR(1) parsing algorithm

Accessing Related Solaris Documentation

The following table describes related documentation that is available through the docs.sun.com web site.

Document Collection	Document Title	Description
Solaris Reference Manual Collection	See the titles of man page sections.	Provides information about the Solaris OS.
Solaris Software Developer Collection	Linker and Libraries Guide	Describes the operations of the Solaris link-editor and runtime linker.

Resources for Developers

Visit the Sun Developer Network Sun Studio portal at http://developers.sun.com/sunstudio/index.jsp to find these frequently updated resources:

• Articles on programming techniques and best practices

• A knowledge base of short programming tips

• Documentation of the software, as well as corrections to the documentation that is installed with your software

• Information on support levels

• User forums

• Downloadable code samples

• New technology previews

The Sun Studio portal is one of a number of additional resources for developers at the Sun Developer Network website, http://developers.sun.com.

Commercially Available Books

The following is a partial list of available books on the C++ language.

The C++ Programming Language 3rd edition, Bjarne Stroustrup (Addison-Wesley, 1997).

The C++ Standard Library, Nicolai Josuttis (Addison-Wesley, 1999).

Generic Programming and the STL, Matthew Austern (Addison-Wesley, 1999).

Standard C++ IOStreams and Locales, Angelika Langer and Klaus Kreft (Addison-Wesley, 2000).

Thinking in C++, Volume 1, Second Edition, Bruce Eckel (Prentice Hall, 2000).

The Annotated C++ Reference Manual, Margaret A. Ellis and Bjarne Stroustrup, (Addison-Wesley, 1990).

Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides (Addison-Wesley, 1995).

C++ Primer, Third Edition, Stanley B. Lippman and Josee Lajoie (Addison-Wesley, 1998).

Effective C++—50 Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs, Second Edition, Scott Meyers (Addison-Wesley, 1998).

More Effective C++—35 Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs, Scott Meyers (Addison-Wesley, 1996).

Contacting Sun Technical Support

If you have technical questions about this product that are not answered in this document, go to:

http://www.sun.com/service/contacting

Sending Your Comments

Sun is interested in improving its documentation and welcomes your comments and suggestions. Submit your comments to Sun at this URL:

http://www.sun.com/hwdocs/feedback

Please include the part number of the document in the subject line of your email. For example, the part number for this document is 819-5267-10.