/

Root of the overall file system name space 

/dev

Primary location for logical device files 

/dev/cfg

Symbolic links to physical ap_ids 

/dev/cua

Device files for uucp

/dev/dsk

Block disk devices 

/dev/fbs

Frame buffer device files 

/dev/fd

File descriptors 

/dev/md

Volume management device names 

/dev/printers

USB printer device files 

/dev/pts

pty slave devices

/dev/rdsk

Raw disk devices 

/dev/rmt

Raw tape devices 

/dev/sad

Entry points for the STREAMS Administrative Driver 

/dev/sound

Audio device and audio device control files 

/dev/swap

Default swap device 

/dev/term

Serial devices 

/devices

Physical device files 

/etc

Host-specific system administration configuration files and databases 

/etc/acct

Accounting configuration information 

/etc/apache

Apache configuration files 

/etc/cron.d

Configuration information for cron

/etc/default

Defaults information for various programs 

/etc/dfs

Configuration information for shared file systems 

/etc/dhcp

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) configuration files 

/etc/dmi

Solstice Enterprise Agents configuration files 

/etc/fn

Federated Naming Service and x.500 support files 

/etc/fs

Binaries organized by file system types 

/etc/ftpd

ftpd configuration files

/etc/gss

Generic Security Service (GSS) Application Program Interface configuration files 

/etc/gtk

GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment) configuration files 

/etc/inet

Configuration files for Internet services 

/etc/init.d

Scripts for changing run levels 

/etc/iplanet

iPlanet configuration files 

/etc/krb5

Kerberos configuration files 

/etc/lib

Dynamic linking libraries that are needed when /usr is not available

/etc/llc2

Logical link control (llc2) driver configuration files

/etc/lp

Configuration information for the printer subsystem 

/etc/lu

Solaris Live Upgrade configuration files 

/etc/lvm

Solaris Volume Manager configuration files 

/etc/mail

Mail subsystem configuration information 

/etc/nca

Solaris Network Cache and Accelerator (NCA) configuration files 

/etc/net

Configuration information for TI (transport- independent) network services 

/etc/nfs

NFS server logging configuration file 

/etc/openwin

OpenWindows configuration files 

/etc/opt

Configuration information for optional packages 

/etc/ppp

Solaris PPP configuration files 

/etc/rc0.d

Scripts for entering or leaving run level 0 

/etc/rc1.d

Scripts for entering or leaving run level 1 

/etc/rc2.d

Scripts for entering or leaving run level 2 

/etc/rc3.d

Scripts for entering or leaving run level 3 

/etc/rcS.d

Scripts for bringing the system to single-user mode 

/etc/rcm

Directory for reconfiguration manager (RCM) custom scripts 

/etc/rpcsec

Might contain an NIS+ authentication configuration file 

/etc/saf

Service access facility files (including FIFOs) 

/etc/security

Basic Security Module (BSM) configuration files 

/etc/sfw

Samba configuration files 

/etc/skel

Default profile scripts for new user accounts 

/etc/smartcard

Solaris SmartCards configuration files 

/etc/snmp

Solstice Enterprise Agents configuration files 

/etc/ssh

Secure shell configuration files 

/etc/sysevent

syseventd configuration files

/etc/tm

Trademark files, whose contents are displayed at boot time 

/etc/usb

USB configuration information 

/etc/uucp

uucp configuration information

/etc/wrsm

WCI Remote Shared Memory (WRSM) configuration information 

/export

Default directory for users' home directories, client file systems, or other shared file systems 

/home

Default directory or mount point for a user's home directory on a standalone system. When AutoFS is running, you cannot create any new entries in this directory. 

/kernel

Directory of platform-independent loadable kernel modules that are required as part of the boot process. Includes the generic part of the core kernel that is platform-independent, /kernel/genunix. See Table 21–3 for the /platform and /usr/platform directory structure.

/mnt

Convenient, temporary mount point for file systems 

/opt

Default directory or mount point for add-on application packages 

/platform

Supported platform files. For more information, see Table 21–3.

/proc

Process information 

/sbin

Essential executables used in the booting process and in manual system failure recovery 

/tmp

Temporary files, whose contents are cleared during boot sequence 

/usr

Mount point for the /usr file system. For more information, see Table 21–2.

/var

Directory for varying files, which usually includes temporary files, logging files, or status files 

/var/adm

System logging files and accounting files 

/var/apache

Scripts, icons, logs, and cache pages for Apache web server 

/var/audit

Basic Security Module (BSM) audit files 

/var/crash

Default depository for kernel crash dumps 

/var/cron

cron's log file

/var/dmi

Solstice Enterprise Agents Desktop Management Interface (DMI) run-time components 

/var/dt

dtlogin configuration files

/var/inet

IPv6 router state files 

/var/krb5

Database and log files for Kerberos 

/var/ld

Configuration files for run-time linker 

/var/ldap

LDAP client configuration files 

/var/log

System log files 

/var/lp

Line printer subsystem logging information  

/var/mail

Directory where user mail is kept 

/var/news

Community service messages. These messages are not the same as USENET-style news. 

/var/nfs

NFS server log files 

/var/nis

NIS+ databases 

/var/ntp

Network Time Protocol (NTP) server state directory 

/var/opt

Root of a subtree for varying files that are associated with software packages 

/var/preserve

Backup files for vi and ex

/var/run

Temporary system files that are not needed across system reboots. A TMPFS-mounted directory. 

/var/sadm

Databases that are maintained by the software package management utilities 

/var/saf

saf (service access facility) logging files and accounting files

/var/samba

Log files and lock files for Samba 

/var/snmp

SNMP status and configuration information 

/var/spool

Directories for spooled temporary files 

/var/spool/clientmqueue

Sendmail client files 

/var/spool/cron

cron and at spool files

/var/spool/locks

Spooling lock files 

/var/spool/lp

Line printer spool files 

/var/spool/mqueue

Mail queued for delivery 

/var/spool/pkg

Spooled packages 

/var/spool/print

LP print service client-side request staging area 

/var/spool/samba

Samba print queue 

/var/spool/uucp

Queued uucp jobs

/var/spool/uucppublic

Files deposited by uucp

/var/statmon

Network status monitor files 

/var/tmp

Directory for temporary files that are not cleared during boot sequence 

/var/uucp

uucp log files and status files

/var/yp

NIS databases 

4lib

SunOS 4.1 binary compatibility package libraries 

5bin

Symbolic link to the /usr/bin directory

X

Symbolic link to the /usr/openwin directory

adm

Symbolic link to the /var/adm directory

apache

Apache executables, loadable modules, and documentation 

aset

Directory for Automated Security Enhancement Tools (ASET) programs and files 

bin

Location for standard system commands 

ccs

C compilation programs and libraries 

demo

Demo programs and data 

dict

Symbolic link to the /usr/share/lib/dict directory, which contains the dictionary file used by the UNIX spell program

dt

Directory or mount point for CDE software 

games

An empty directory, which is a remnant of the SunOS 4.0-4.1 software 

include

Header files for C programs, and so on. 

iplanet

Directory server executables, loadable modules, and documentation 

j2se

Java 2 SDK executables, loadable modules, and documentation 

java*

Directories that contain Java programs and libraries 

kernel

Additional kernel modules 

kvm

Obsolete 

lib

Various program libraries, architecture-dependent databases, and binaries not invoked directly by the user 

local

Commands local to a site 

mail

Symbolic link to the /var/mail directory

man

Symbolic link to the /usr/share/man directory

net

Directory for network listener services 

news

Symbolic link to the /var/news directory

oasys

Files for the Form and Menu Language Interpreter (FMLI) execution environment 

old

Programs that are being phased out 

openwin

Directory or mount point for OpenWindows software 

perl5

Perl 5 programs and documentation 

platform

Supported platform files. For more information, see Table 21–3.

preserve

Symbolic link to the /var/preserve directory

proc

Directory for the proc tools

pub

Files for online man page and character processing 

sadm

Various files and directories related to system administration 

sbin

Executables for system administration 

sbin/install.d

Custom JumpStart scripts and executables 

sbin/static

Statically linked version of selected programs from /usr/bin and /usr/sbin

sbin/sparcv7 and sparcv9

32-bit and 64-bit versions of commands on SPARC systems 

sbin/i86

x86 architecture specific commands 

sfw

GNU and open source executables, libraries, and documentation 

share

Architecture-independent sharable files 

share/admserv5.1

iPlanet Console and Administration Server 5.0 documentation 

share/audio

Sample audio files 

share/ds5

iPlanet Directory Server 5.1 Documentation 

share/lib

Architecture-independent databases 

share/man

Solaris manual pages 

share/src

Source code for kernel, libraries, and utilities 

snadm

Programs and libraries related to system and network administration  

spool

Symbolic link to the /var/spool directory

src

Symbolic link to the share/src directory

tmp

Symbolic link to the var/tmp directory

ucb

Berkeley compatibility package binaries 

ucbinclude

Berkeley compatibility package header files 

ucblib

Berkeley compatibility package libraries 

vmsys

Directory for Framed Access Command Environment (FACE) programs 

xpg4

Directory for POSIX-compliant utilities 

/platform

Contains a series of directories, one directory per supported platform that needs to reside in the root (/) file system.

/platform/*/kernel

Contains platform-dependent kernel components, including the file unix, the core kernel that is platform–dependent. For more information, see kernel(1M).

/usr/platform

Contains platform-dependent objects that do not need to reside in the root (/) file system.

/usr/platform/*/lib

Contains platform-dependent objects similar to those objects found in the /usr/lib directory.

/usr/platform/*/sbin

Contains platform-dependent objects similar to those objects found in the /usr/sbin directory.

Boot block 

Information used when booting the system 

Superblock 

Detailed information about the file system 

Inode 

All information about a file 

Storage or data block 

Data for each file 

Less than or equal to 1 Gbyte 

2048 

Less than 2 Gbytes 

4096 

Less than 3 Gbytes 

6144 

3 Gbytes up to 1 Tbyte 

8192 

Greater than 1 Tbyte or created with -T option

1048576 

/usr/sbin/newfs [-NTv] [mkfs_options] raw_device

-N

Displays the file system parameters that would be used in creating the file system without actually creating it. This option does not display the parameters that were used to create an existing file system. 

-T

Set the parameters of the file system to allow eventual growth to over a terabyte in total file system size. This option sets fragsize to be the same as bsize, and sets nbpi to 1 Mbyte, unless the -i option is used to make it even larger. If you use the -f or -i options to specify a fragsize or nbpi that is incompatible with this option, the user-supplied value of fragsize or nbpi is ignored.

-v

Displays the parameters that are passed to the mkfs command.

mkfs-options

Use the options in this table, from -a apc to -t track, to set the mkfs parameters. Separate the options with spaces.

-a apc

The number of alternate sectors per disk cylinder to reserve for bad block placement for SCSI devices only. The default is 0. 

This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is ignored. 

-b bsize

The logical block size of the file system, which is either 4096 or 8192 bytes. The default is 8192 bytes. The sun4u architecture does not support the 4096 block size. 

-c cgsize

The number of cylinders per cylinder group, which ranges from 16 to 256. The default value is calculated by dividing the number of sectors in the file system by the number of sectors in 1 Gbyte. Then, the result is multiplied by 32. The default value is always between 16 to 256. 

Use the mkfs command to override the default value.

This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is ignored. 

-C maxcontig

The maximum number of logical blocks, belonging to one file, that are allocated contiguously. The default is calculated as follows: 

maxcontig = disk drive maximum transfer size / disk block size

If the disk drive maximum transfer size cannot be determined, the default value for maxcontig is calculated as follows:

If maxphys is less than ufs_maxmaxphys, which is typically 1 Mbyte, then maxcontig is set to maxphys. Otherwise, maxcontig is set to ufs_maxmaxphys.

You can set maxcontig to any positive integer value.

The actual value will be the lesser of what has been specified and what the hardware supports. 

You can subsequently change this parameter by using the tunefs command. For more information, seetunefs(1M).

-d gap

Rotational delay. This option is obsolete. The value is always set to 0, regardless of the input value. 

-f fragsize

The smallest amount of disk space in bytes that can be allocated to a file. fragsize must be a power of 2 divisor of bsize, where:

bsize / fragsize is 1, 2, 4, or 8.

This means that if the logical block size is 4096, legal values for fragsize are 512, 1024, 2048, and 4096. When the logical block size is 8192, legal values are 1024, 2048, 4096, and 8192. The default value is 1024.

For file systems greater than 1 terabyte or for file systems created with the -T option, fragsize is forced to match block size (bsize).

-i nbpi

The number of bytes per inode, which specifies the density of inodes in the file system. The number is divided into the total size of the file system to determine the number of inodes to create. 

This value should reflect the expected average size of files in the file system. If fewer inodes are needed, specify a larger number. To create more inodes, specify a smaller number. 

For the default values, see Number of Inodes (Files).

-m free

The minimum percentage of free space to maintain in the file system (between 0% and 99%, inclusively). This space is off– limits to regular users. Once the file system is filled to this threshold, only the superuser can continue writing to the file system. 

The default is ((64 Mbytes/partition size) * 100), rounded down to the nearest integer and limited between 1% and 10%, inclusively. 

This parameter can be modified after the file system is created by using the tunefs command.

-n nrpos

The number of different rotation positions in which to divide a cylinder group. The default is 8. 

This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is ignored. 

-o opt

Optimization type, space or time. The file system can either be instructed to try to minimize the time spent allocating blocks, or to try to minimize the space fragmentation on the disk. The default is time.

-r rpm

The rotational speed of the disk in revolutions per minute. This setting is driver- or device-specific. 

This parameter is converted to revolutions per second before it is passed to the mkfs command.

This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is ignored. 

-s size

The size of the file system in sectors. The default is to use the entire partition. 

-t ntrack

The number of tracks per cylinder on the disk. The default is taken from the disk label. 

This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is ignored. 

raw_device

The name of a raw special device residing in the /dev directory (for example, /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6) on which to create the file system. This argument is required.

# newfs -N /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0:  37260 sectors in 115 cylinders of 9 tracks, 36 sectors
        19.1MB in 8 cyl groups (16 c/g, 2.65MB/g, 1216 i/g)
superblock backups (for fsck -b #) at:
 32, 5264, 10496, 15728, 20960, 26192, 31424, 36656,
#