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Solaris 9 12/02 System Administrator Collection
> System Administration Guide: Basic Administration
System Administration Guide: Basic Administration
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System Administration Guide: Basic Administration
Index
Numbers and Symbols
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
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U
V
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Book Information
Preface
Who Should Use This Book
How the System Administration Volumes Are Organized
Accessing Sun Documentation Online
What Typographic Conventions Mean
Shell Prompts in Command Examples
General Conventions
1. Solaris Management Tools (Roadmap)
What's New in Solaris Management Tools?
Matrix of Solaris Management Tools Support
Feature Descriptions for Solaris 9 Management Tools
Feature Descriptions for Solaris 8 Management Tools
Feature Descriptions for Previous Solaris Management Tools
Availability Solaris Management Commands
For More Information About Solaris Management Tools
2. Working With the Solaris Management Console (Tasks)
Solaris Management Console (Overview)
Becoming Superuser (root) or Assuming a Role
How to Become Superuser (root) or Assume a Role
Using the Solaris Management Tools With RBAC (Task Map)
If You Are the First to Log In to the Console
Creating the Primary Administrator Role
How to Create the First Role (Primary Administrator)
How to Assume the Primary Administrator Role
Starting the Solaris Management Console
How to Start the Console as Superuser or as a Role
Using the Solaris Management Tools in a Name Service Environment (Task Map)
RBAC Security Files
Prerequisites for Using the Solaris Management Console in a Name Service Environment
Management Scope
The /etc/nsswitch.conf File
How to Create a Toolbox for a Specific Environment
How to Add a Tool to a Toolbox
How to Start the Solaris Management Console in a Name Service Environment
Adding Tools to the Solaris Management Console
How to Add a Legacy Tool to a Toolbox
How to Install an Unbundled Tool
Troubleshooting the Solaris Management Console
How to Troubleshoot the Solaris Management Console
3. Managing Users and Groups Topics
4. Managing User Accounts and Groups (Overview)
What's New in Managing Users and Groups?
What Are User Accounts and Groups?
Guidelines for Managing User Accounts
Guidelines for Managing Groups
Tools for Managing User Accounts and Groups
What You Can Do With Solaris User Management Tools
Where User Account and Group Information Is Stored
Customizing a User's Work Environment
5. Managing User Accounts and Groups (Tasks)
Setting Up User Accounts (Task Map)
User Information Data Sheet
How to Customize User Initialization Files
How to Share a User's Home Directory
How to Mount a User's Home Directory
Maintaining User Accounts (Task Map)
Solaris User Registration
Accessing Solaris Solve
Troubleshooting Solaris User Registration Problems
How to Restart Solaris User Registration
How To Disable User Registration
6. Managing Server and Client Support Topics
7. Managing Server and Client Support (Overview)
What's New in Server and Client Management?
Where to Find Server and Client Tasks
What Are Servers, Clients, and Appliances?
What Does Client Support Mean?
Overview of System Types
Diskless Client Management Overview
8. Managing Diskless Clients (Tasks)
Managing Diskless Clients (Task Map)
Managing Diskless Clients
How to Prepare for Adding Diskless Clients
How to Add OS Services For Diskless Client Support
How to Add a Diskless Client
How to Boot a Diskless Client
How to Delete Diskless Client Support
How to Delete OS Services for Diskless Clients
Patching Diskless Client OS Services
Displaying OS Patches for Diskless Clients
How to Add an OS Patch for a Diskless Client
Troubleshooting Diskless Client Problems
9. Shutting Down and Booting a System Topics
10. Shutting Down and Booting a System (Overview)
What's New in Shutting Down and Booting a System?
Where to Find Shutting Down and Booting Tasks
Shutting Down and Booting Terminology
Guidelines for Shutting Down a System
Guidelines for Booting a System
Booting a System From the Network
When to Shut Down a System
When to Boot a System
11. Run Levels and Boot Files (Tasks)
Run Levels
How to Determine a System's Run Level
The /etc/inittab File
Run Control Scripts
Run Control Script Summaries
Using a Run Control Script to Stop or Start Services
How to Use a Run Control Script to Stop or Start a Service
Adding a Run Control Script
How to Add a Run Control Script
Disabling a Run Control Script
How to Disable a Run Control Script
12. Shutting Down a System (Tasks)
Shutting Down the System
System Shutdown Commands
User Notification of System Down Time
How to Determine Who Is Logged in to a System
How to Shut Down a Server
How to Shut Down a Standalone System
Turning Off Power to All Devices
How to Turn Off Power to All Devices
13. SPARC: Booting a System (Tasks)
SPARC: Booting a System (Task Map)
SPARC: Using the Boot PROM
SPARC: How to Find the PROM Revision for a System
SPARC: How to Identify Devices on the System
SPARC: How to Change the Default Boot Device
SPARC: How to Reset the System
SPARC: Booting a System
SPARC: How to Boot a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser Level)
SPARC: How to Boot a System to Run Level S (Single-User Level)
SPARC: How to Boot a System Interactively
SPARC: How to Boot a System From the Network
SPARC: How to Stop the System for Recovery Purposes
SPARC: How to Boot a System for Recovery Purposes
SPARC: How to Boot the System With the Kernel Debugger (kadb)
SPARC: Forcing a Crash Dump and Rebooting the System
SPARC: How to Force a Crash Dump and Reboot the System
14. IA: Booting a System (Tasks)
IA: Booting a System (Task Map)
IA: Booting the Solaris Device Configuration Assistant
IA: How to Boot the Solaris Device Configuration Assistant
IA: Booting a System
IA: How to Boot a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser Level)
IA: How to Boot a System to Run Level S (Single-User Level)
IA: How to Boot a System Interactively
IA: How to Boot a System From the Network
IA: How to Stop a System for Recovery Purposes
IA: How to Boot a System for Recovery Purposes
IA: How to Boot a System With the Kernel Debugger (kadb)
IA: Forcing a Crash Dump and Rebooting the System
IA: How to Force a Crash Dump and Reboot the System
15. The Boot Process (Reference)
SPARC: The Boot PROM
SPARC: The Boot Process
IA: The PC BIOS
IA: Boot Subsystems
IA: The Boot Process
16. Managing Removable Media Topics
17. Managing Removable Media (Overview)
What's New in Managing Removable Media?
Where to Find Managing Removable Media Tasks
Removable Media Features and Benefits
Comparison of Automatic and Manual Mounting
What You Can Do With Volume Management
18. Accessing Removable Media (Tasks)
Accessing Removable Media (Task Map)
Accessing Removable Media (Overview)
Using Removable Media Names
Guidelines for Accessing Removable Media Data
How to Add a New Removable Media Drive
How to Stop and Start Volume Management (vold)
How to Access Information on Removable Media
How to Copy Information From Removable Media
How to Play a Musical CD or DVD
How to Find Out If Removable Media Is Still in Use
How to Eject Removable Media
Accessing Removable Media on a Remote System (Task Map)
How to Make Local Media Available to Other Systems
How to Access Removable Media on Remote Systems
19. Formatting Removable Media (Tasks)
Formatting Removable Media (Task Map)
Formatting Removable Media Overview
Formatting Removable Media Guidelines
Removable Media Hardware Considerations
How to Load a Removable Media
How to Format Removable Media (rmformat)
How to Format Removable Media for Adding a File System
How to Check a File System on Removable Media
How to Repair Bad Blocks on Removable Media
Applying Read or Write and Password Protection to Removable Media
How to Enable or Disable Write Protection on Removable Media
How to Enable or Disable Read or Write Protection and a Password on Iomega Media
20. Writing CDs (Tasks)
Working with Audio and Data CDs
Writing Data and Audio CDs
Restricting User Access to Removable Media with RBAC
How to Restrict User Access to Removable Media with RBAC
How to Identify a CD Writer
How to Check the CD Media
Creating a Data CD
How to Create an ISO 9660 File System for a Data CD
How to Create a Multi-Session Data CD
Creating an Audio CD
How to Create an Audio CD
How to Extract an Audio Track on a CD
How to Copy a CD
How to Erase CD-RW Media
21. Managing Software Topics
22. Managing Software (Overview)
What's New in Software Management?
Where to Find Software Management Tasks
Overview of Software Packages
Tools for Managing Software Packages
Adding or Removing a Software Package
Key Points for Adding or Removing Software Packages
Guidelines for Removing Packages
Avoiding User Interaction When Adding Packages
23. Managing Software (Tasks)
Commands for Managing Software Packages
Adding Software With the Solaris Web Start Program
How to Install Software With the Solaris Web Start Program
Adding and Removing Software With the Product Registry
How to View Installed or Uninstalled Software Information With the Product Registry
How to Install Software With the Product Registry
How to Uninstall Software With the Product Registry
Adding and Removing Software Packages With Admintool
How to Add Software Packages With Admintool
How to Remove Software Packages With Admintool
Adding and Removing Software Packages With Package Commands
How to Add Software Packages (pkgadd)
Adding a Software Package to a Spool Directory
How to List Information About All Installed Packages (pkginfo)
How to Check the Integrity of Installed Software Packages (pkgchk)
Removing Software Packages
How to Remove Software Packages (pkgrm)
24. Managing Solaris Patches (Tasks)
What Is a Patch?
Tools for Managing Solaris Patches
Solaris Patch Distribution
Solaris Patch Numbering
How to Display Information About Installed Solaris Patches
Adding a Solaris Patch
How to Add a Solaris Patch
How to Download and Add a Solaris Patch From SunSolve
Removing a Solaris Patch
How to Remove a Solaris Patch
25. Managing Devices Topics
26. Managing Devices (Tasks)
What's New in Device Management?
Where to Find Device Management Tasks
About Device Drivers
Automatic Configuration of Devices
Displaying Device Configuration Information
driver not attached Message
Identifying a System's Devices
How to Display System Configuration Information
How to Display Device Information
Adding a Peripheral Device to a System
How to Add a Peripheral Device
How to Add a Device Driver
27. Dynamically Configuring Devices (Tasks)
Dynamic Reconfiguration and Hot-Plugging
SCSI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
SCSI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command
How to Display Information About SCSI Devices
How to Unconfigure a SCSI Controller
How to Configure a SCSI Controller
How to Configure a SCSI Device
How to Disconnect a SCSI Controller
How to Connect a SCSI Controller
SPARC: How to Add a SCSI Device to a SCSI Bus
SPARC: How to Replace an Identical Device on a SCSI Controller
SPARC: How to Remove a SCSI Device
SPARC: Troubleshooting SCSI Configuration Problems
How to Resolve a Failed SCSI Unconfigure Operation
PCI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
x86: PCI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command
IA: How to Display PCI Slot Configuration Information
IA: How to Remove a PCI Adapter Card
IA: How to Add a PCI Adapter Card
x86: Troubleshooting PCI Configuration Problems
Reconfiguration Coordination Manager (RCM) Script Overview
What Is an RCM Script?
What Can an RCM Script Do?
How Does the RCM Script Process Work?
RCM Script Tasks
Application Developer RCM Script (Task Map)
System Administrator RCM Script (Task Map)
Naming an RCM Script
Installing or Removing an RCM Script
How to Install an RCM Script
How to Remove an RCM Script
How to Test an RCM Script
Tape Backup RCM Script Example
28. Using USB Devices (Overview/Tasks)
Overview of USB Devices
About USB in the Solaris Environment
Using USB Mass Storage Devices (Task Map)
Using USB Mass Storage Devices
Hot-Plugging USB Devices
How to Add a Hot-Pluggable USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Add a Hot-Pluggable USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
How to Remove a Hot-Pluggable USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Remove a Hot-Pluggable USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
Mounting USB Mass Storage Devices With or Without vold Running
How to Mount or Unmount a USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Mount or Unmount a USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
How to Add a Hot-Pluggable USB Camera
Using USB Audio Devices (Task Map)
Using USB Audio Devices
Hot-Plugging Multiple USB Audio Devices
How to Add Hot-Pluggable USB Audio Devices
How to Identify Your System's Primary Audio Device
How to Change the Primary USB Audio Device
How to Remove Unused USB Audio Device Links
Troubleshooting USB Audio Device Problems
Hot-Plugging USB Devices With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
Hot-Plugging USB Devices With the cfgadm Command
How to Display USB Device Information
How to Unconfigure a USB Device
How to Configure a USB Device
How to Logically Disconnect a USB Device
How to Logically Connect a USB Device
How to Logically Disconnect a USB Device Subtree
How to Reset a USB Device
29. Accessing Devices (Overview)
Accessing Devices
Logical Disk Device Names
Logical Tape Device Names
Logical Removable Media Device Names
30. Managing Disks Topics
31. Managing Disks (Overview)
What's New in Disk Management?
Where to Find Disk Management Tasks
Overview of Disk Management
Disk Terminology
About Disk Slices
The format Utility
About Disk Labels
Dividing a Disk Into Slices
32. Administering Disks (Tasks)
Administering Disks (Task Map)
Identifying Disks on a System
How to Identify the Disks on a System
Formatting a Disk
How to Determine if a Disk is Formatted
How to Format a Disk
Displaying Disk Slices
How to Display Disk Slice Information
Creating and Examining a Disk Label
How to Label a Disk
How to Examine a Disk Label
Recovering a Corrupted Disk Label
How to Recover a Corrupted Disk Label
Adding a Third-Party Disk
Creating a format.dat Entry
How to Create a format.dat Entry
Automatically Configuring SCSI Disk Drives
How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Drive
Repairing a Defective Sector
How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis
How to Repair a Defective Sector
Tips and Tricks for Managing Disks
33. SPARC: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
SPARC: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk (Task Map)
SPARC: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk
SPARC: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
SPARC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
SPARC: How to Create File Systems
SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
34. x86: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
x86: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk (Task Map)
x86: Adding a System or Secondary Disk
IA: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
IA: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
x86: Guidelines for Creating an fdisk Partition
IA: How to Create a Solaris fdisk Partition
IA: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
IA: How to Create File Systems
IA: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
35. The format Utility (Reference)
Recommendations and Requirements for Using The format Utility
Format Menu and Command Descriptions
The format.dat File
Rules for Input to format Commands
Getting Help on the format Utility
36. Managing File Systems Topics
37. Managing File Systems (Overview)
What's New in File Systems?
Where to Find File System Management Tasks
Overview of File Systems
Types of File Systems
Commands for File System Administration
The Default Solaris File Systems
Swap Space
The UFS File System
Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
Determining a File System's Type
How to Determine a File System's Type
38. Creating File Systems (Tasks)
Creating a UFS File System
Default Parameters for the newfs Command
How to Create a UFS File System
Creating a Temporary File System (TMPFS)
How to Create a TMPFS File System
Creating a Loopback File System (LOFS)
How to Create an LOFS File System
39. Mounting and Unmounting File Systems (Tasks)
Overview of Mounting File Systems
Mounting File Systems
How to Determine Which File Systems Are Mounted
How to Add an Entry to the /etc/vfstab File
How to Mount a File System (/etc/vfstab File)
How to Mount a UFS File System (mount Command)
How to Mount a UFS File System Without Large Files (mount Command)
How to Mount an NFS File System (mount Command)
x86: How to Mount a PCFS (DOS) File System From a Hard Disk (mount Command)
Unmounting File Systems
Prerequisites for Unmounting File Systems
How to Verify a File System is Unmounted
How to Stop All Processes Accessing a File System
How to Unmount a File System
40. Using The CacheFS File System (Tasks)
High-Level View of Using the CacheFS File System (Task Map)
Overview of the CacheFS File System
Creating and Mounting a CacheFS File System (Task Map)
How to Create the Cache
Mounting a File System in the Cache
How to Mount a CacheFS File System (mount)
How to Mount a CacheFS File System (/etc/vfstab)
How to Mount a CacheFS File System (AutoFS)
Maintaining a CacheFS File System (Task Map)
Maintaining a CacheFS File System
Modifying a CacheFS File System
How to Display Information About a CacheFS File System
Consistency Checking of a CacheFS File System
How to Specify Cache Consistency Checking on Demand
How to Delete a CacheFS File System
How to Check the Integrity of a CacheFS File System
Packing a Cached File System (Task Map)
Packing a CacheFS File System
How to Pack Files in the Cache
How to Display Packed Files Information
Using Packing Lists
How to Create a Packing List
How to Pack Files in the Cache With a Packing List
Unpacking Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
How to Unpack Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
Troubleshooting cachefspack Errors
Collecting CacheFS Statistics (Task Map)
Collecting CacheFS Statistics
41. Configuring Additional Swap Space (Tasks)
About Swap Space
How Do I Know If I Need More Swap Space?
How Swap Space Is Allocated
Planning for Swap Space
Monitoring Swap Resources
Adding More Swap Space
Creating a Swap File
How to Create a Swap File and Make It Available
Removing a Swap File From Use
How to Remove Unneeded Swap Space
42. Checking UFS File System Consistency (Tasks)
File System Consistency
How the File System State Is Recorded
What the fsck Command Checks and Tries to Repair
Interactively Checking and Repairing a UFS File System
How to See If a File System Needs Checking
How to Check File Systems Interactively
Preening UFS File Systems
How to Preen a UFS File System
Fixing a UFS File System That the fsck Command Cannot Repair
Restoring a Bad Superblock
How to Restore a Bad Superblock
Syntax and Options for the fsck Command
43. UFS File System (Reference)
Default Directories for root (/) and /usr File Systems
The Platform-Dependent Directories
The Structure of Cylinder Groups for UFS File Systems
Custom File System Parameters
Commands for Creating a Customized File System
44. Backing Up and Restoring Files and File Systems Topics
45. Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Overview)
What's New in Backing Up and Restoring File Systems?
Where to Find Backup and Restore Tasks
Definition: Backing Up and Restoring File Systems
Why You Should Back Up File Systems
Planning Which File Systems to Back Up
Choosing the Type of Backup
Choosing a Tape Device
High-Level View of Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Task Map)
Guidelines for Scheduling Backups
Sample Backup Schedules
46. Backing Up Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Backing Up Files and File System (Task Map)
Preparing for File System Backups
How to Find File System Names
How to Determine the Number of Tapes Needed for a Full Backup
Backing Up a File System
How to Backup a File System to Tape
47. Using UFS Snapshots (Tasks)
Using UFS Snapshots (Task Map)
UFS Snapshots Overview
Creating and Deleting UFS Snapshots
How to Create a UFS Snapshot
How to Display UFS Snapshot Information
Deleting a UFS Snapshot
How to Delete a UFS Snapshot
Backing Up a UFS Snapshot
How to Create a Full Backup of a UFS Snapshot (ufsdump)
How to Create an Incremental Backup of a UFS Snapshot (ufsdump)
How to Back Up a UFS Snapshot (tar)
Restoring Data From a UFS Snapshot Backup
48. Restoring Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Restoring Files and File System Backups (Task Map)
Preparing to Restore Files and File Systems
Restoring Files and File Systems
How to Determine Which Tapes to Use
How to Restore Files Interactively
How to Restore Specific Files Non-Interactively
How to Restore a Complete File System
How to Restore the root (/) and /usr File Systems
49. UFS Backup and Restore Commands (Reference)
How the ufsdump Command Works
Options and Arguments for the ufsdump Command
The ufsdump Command and Security Issues
Options and Arguments for the ufsrestore Command
50. Copying UFS Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Commands for Copying File Systems
Copying File Systems Between Disks
Making a Literal File System Copy
How to Copy a Disk (dd)
Copying Directories Between File Systems (cpio Command)
How to Copy Directories Between File Systems (cpio)
Copying Files and File Systems to Tape
Copying Files to Tape (tar Command)
How to Copy Files to a Tape (tar)
How to List the Files on a Tape (tar)
How to Retrieve Files From a Tape (tar)
Copying Files to a Tape With the pax Command
How to Copy Files to a Tape (pax)
Copying Files to Tape With the cpio Command
How to Copy All Files in a Directory to a Tape (cpio)
How to List the Files on a Tape (cpio)
How to Retrieve All Files From a Tape (cpio)
How to Retrieve Specific Files From a Tape (cpio)
Copying Files to a Remote Tape Device
How to Copy Files to a Remote Tape Device (tar and dd)
How to Extract Files From a Remote Tape Device
Copying Files and File Systems to Diskette
Things You Should Know When Copying Files to Diskettes
How to Copy Files to a Single Formatted Diskette (tar)
How to List the Files on a Diskette (tar)
How to Retrieve Files From a Diskette (tar)
How to Archive Files to Multiple Diskettes
Copying Files With a Different Header Format
How to Create an Archive for Older SunOS Releases
Retrieving Files Created With the bar Command
How to Retrieve bar Files From a Diskette
51. Managing Tape Drives (Tasks)
Choosing Which Media to Use
Backup Device Names
Displaying Tape Drive Status
How to Display Tape Drive Status
Handling Magnetic Tape Cartridges
How to Retension a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
How to Rewind a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
Guidelines for Drive Maintenance and Media Handling
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