Chapter 32 Administering Disks (Tasks)
This chapter contains disk administration procedures. Many
procedures described in this chapter are optional if you are already familiar
with how disks are managed on systems running the Solaris release.
For information on the procedures associated with administering disks,
see Administering Disks (Task Map).
For overview information about disk management, see Chapter 31, Managing Disks (Overview).
Administering Disks (Task Map)
Identifying Disks on a System
Use the format utility to discover the types of disks
that are connected to a system. You can also use the format
utility to verify that a disk is known to the system. For information on using
the format utility, see Chapter 35, The format Utility (Reference).
How to Identify the Disks on a System
-
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Identify the disks that are recognized on the system with the format utility.
The format utility displays a list of disks that it recognizes under AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS.
Examples—Identifying the Disks on a System
The following format output is from a system with
two disks.
# format
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t1d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0
1. c0t3d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
Specify disk (enter its number):
|
The format output associates a disk's physical and
logical device name to the disk's marketing name, which appears in angle brackets <>. This method is an easy way to identify which logical device
names represent the disks that are connected to your system. For a description
of logical and physical device names, see Chapter 29, Accessing Devices (Overview).
The following example uses a wildcard to display the disks that are
connected to a second controller.
# format /dev/rdsk/c2*
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80>
/io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@0,0
1. /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80>
/io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@1,0
2. /dev/rdsk/c2t2d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80>
/io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@2,0
3. /dev/rdsk/c2t3d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80>
/io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@3,0
4. /dev/rdsk/c2t5d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80>
/io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@5,0
Specify disk (enter its number):
|
The following example identifies the disks on a SPARC based system.
# format
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t3d0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80>
/iommu@0,10000000/sbus@0,10001000/espdma@5,8400000/esp@5,8800000/sd@3,0
Specify disk (enter its number):
|
The format output identifies that disk 0 (target
3) is connected to the first SCSI host adapter (espdma@...),
which is connected to the first SBus device (sbus@0...).
The output also associates both the physical and logical device name to the
disk's marketing name, SUN2.1G.
The following example shows how to identify the disks on an IA based
system.
# format
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 615 alt 2 hd 64 sec 63>
/pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ata@0/cmdk@0,0
1. c0d1 <DEFAULT cyl 522 alt 2 hd 32 sec 63>
/pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ata@0/cmdk@1,0
2. c1d0 <DEFAULT cyl 817 alt 2 hd 256 sec 63>
/pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ata@1/cmdk@0,0
Specify disk (enter its number):
|
The format output identifies that disk 0 is connected
to the first PCI host adapter (pci-ide@7...), which is
connected to the ATA device (ata...). The format output on an IA based system does not identify disks by their
marketing names.
Where to Go From Here
Check the following table if the format utility did
not recognize a disk.
Formatting a Disk
Disks are formatted by the manufacturer or reseller. They usually do
not need to be reformatted when you install the drive.
A disk must be formatted before you can do the following:
-
Write data to it. However, most disks are already formatted.
-
Use the Solaris installation program to install the system.
Caution –
Formatting a disk is a destructive process because it overwrites
data on the disk. For this reason, disks are usually formatted only by the
manufacturer or reseller. If you think disk defects are the cause of recurring
problems, you can use the format utility to do a surface
analysis. However, be careful to use only the commands that do not destroy
data.
How to Determine if a Disk is Formatted
-
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Invoke the format utility.
-
Type the number of the disk that you want to check from the list displayed
on your screen.
Specify disk (enter its number): 0
|
-
Verify that the disk you chose is formatted by noting the following
message.
Example—Determining if a Disk Is Formatted
The following example shows that disk c0t3d0 is formatted.
# format
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t1d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0
1. c0t3d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 0
selecting c0t1d0
[disk formatted]
|
How to Format a Disk
-
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Invoke the format utility.
-
Type the number of the disk that you want to format from the list displayed
on your screen.
Specify disk (enter its number): 0
|
Caution – Do not select the system disk. If you format your system disk,
you delete the operating system and any data on this disk.
-
To begin formatting the disk, type format at the format> prompt. Confirm the command by typing y.
format> format
Ready to format. Formatting cannot be interrupted
and takes 23 minutes (estimated). Continue? yes
|
-
Verify that the disk format is successful by noting the following messages.
Beginning format. The current time Tue ABC xx xx:xx:xx xxxx
Formatting...
done
Verifying media...
pass 0 - pattern = 0xc6dec6de
2035/12/18
pass 1 - pattern = 0x6db6db6d
2035/12/18
Total of 0 defective blocks repaired.
|
Example—Formatting a Disk
The following example shows how to format the disk c0t3d0.
# format
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t1d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0
1. c0t3d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
Specify disk (enter its number):1
Selecting c0t3d0
[disk formatted]
format> format
Ready to format. Formatting cannot be interrupted
and takes 23 minutes (estimated). Continue? yes
Beginning format. The current time is Thu Dec 6 09:54:40 2001
Formatting ...
done
Verifying media...
pass 0 - pattern = 0xc6dec6de
2035/12/18
pass 1 - pattern = 0x6db6db6d
2035/12/18
Total of 0 defective blocks repaired.
format>
|
Displaying Disk Slices
You can
use the format utility to check whether a disk has the
appropriate disk slices. If you determine that a disk does not contain the
slices you want to use, use the format utility to re-create
them and label the disk. For information on creating disk slices, see SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk or IA: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk.
Note –
The format utility uses the term partition instead of slice.
How to Display Disk Slice Information
-
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Invoke the format utility.
-
Type the number of the disk for which you want to display slice information
from the list displayed on your screen.
Specify disk (enter its number):1
|
-
Select the partition menu.
-
Display the slice information for the current disk drive.
-
Exit the format utility.
-
Verify the displayed slice information by identifying specific slice
tags and slices.
If the screen output shows that no slice sizes are assigned, the disk
probably does not have slices.
Examples—Displaying Disk Slice Information
The following example displays slice information for disk /dev/dsk/c0t3d0.
# format
Searching for disks...done
Specify disk (enter its number):1
Selecting c0t3d0
format> partition
partition> print
Current partition table (original):
Total disk cylinders available: 2036 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 300 148.15MB (301/0/0) 303408
1 swap wu 301 - 524 110.25MB (224/0/0) 225792
2 backup wm 0 - 2035 1002.09MB (2036/0/0) 2052288
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 usr wm 525 - 2035 743.70MB (1511/0/0) 1523088
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
partition> q
format> q
#
|
For a detailed description of the slice information in these examples,
see Chapter 31, Managing Disks (Overview).
The following example shows the slice information on disk /dev/dsk/c0t0d0.
# format
Searching for disks...done
Specify disk (enter its number): 0
selecting c0t0d0
[disk formatted]
format> partition
partition> print
Current partition table (original):
Total disk cylinders available: 817 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 unassigned wm 3 - 816 6.26GB (814/0/0) 13128192
1 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
2 backup wm 0 - 816 6.28GB (817/0/0) 13176576
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
8 boot wu 0 - 0 7.88MB (1/0/0) 16128
9 alternates wu 1 - 2 15.75MB (2/0/0) 32256
partition> q
format> q
|
Creating and Examining a Disk Label
The labeling of a disk is usually done during system installation or
when you are creating new disk slices. You might need to relabel a disk if
the disk label becomes corrupted (for example, from a power failure).
The format utility attempts to automatically configure
any unlabeled SCSI disk. If the format utility is able
to automatically configure an unlabeled disk, it displays a message like the
following:
c1t0d0:configured with capacity of 404.65MB
|
Tip –
For information on labeling multiple disks with the same disk label,
see Label Multiple Disks by Using the prtvtoc and fmthard Commands.
How to Label a Disk
-
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Invoke the format utility.
-
Type the number of the disk that you want to label from the list displayed
on your screen.
Specify disk (enter its number):1
|
-
Select one of the following.
-
If the disk is unlabeled and was successfully configured, go to step
5 to label the disk.
The format utility will ask if you want to label
the disk.
-
If the disk is labeled and you want to change the disk type, or if the format utility was not able to automatically configure the disk,
follow steps 6-7 to set the disk type and label the disk.
-
Label the disk by typing y at the Label
it now? prompt.
Disk not labeled. Label it now? y
|
The disk is now labeled. Go to step 10 to exit the format
utility.
-
Enter type at the format> prompt.
The Available Drive Types menu is displayed.
-
Select a disk type from the list of possible disk types.
Specify disk type (enter its number)[12]: 12
|
Or, select 0 to automatically configure a SCSI-2
disk. For more information, see How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Drive.
-
Label the disk. If the disk is not labeled, the following message is
displayed.
Disk not labeled. Label it now? y
|
Otherwise, you are prompted with this message:
Ready to label disk, continue? y
|
-
Verify the disk label.
-
Exit the format utility.
Example—Labeling a Disk
The following example shows how to automatically configure and label
a 1.05-Gbyte disk.
# format
c1t0d0: configured with capacity of 1002.09MB
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t3d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0
1. c1t0d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 1
Disk not labeled. Label it now? yes
format> verify
#
|
How to Examine a Disk Label
Examine disk label information by using the prtvtoc
command. For a detailed description of the disk label and the information
that is displayed by the prtvtoc command, see Chapter 31, Managing Disks (Overview).
-
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Display the disk label information.
# prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/device-name
|
device-name is the raw disk device you want
to examine.
Example—Examining a Disk Label
The following example shows the disk label information for disk /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0.
# prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0
* /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0 partition map
*
* Dimensions:
* 512 bytes/sector
* 72 sectors/track
* 14 tracks/cylinder
* 1008 sectors/cylinder
* 2038 cylinders
* 2036 accessible cylinders
*
* Flags:
* 1: unmountable
* 10: read-only
*
* First Sector Last
* Partition Tag Flags Sector Count Sector Mount Directory
0 2 00 0 303408 303407 /
1 3 01 303408 225792 529199
2 5 00 0 2052288 2052287
6 4 00 529200 1523088 2052287 /usr
#
|
Recovering a Corrupted Disk Label
Sometimes, a power or system failure causes a disk's label to become
unrecognizable. A corrupted disk label doesn't always mean that the slice
information or the disk's data must be recreated or restored.
The first step to recovering a corrupted disk label is to label the
disk with the correct geometry and disk type information. You can complete
this step through the normal disk labeling method, by using either automatic
configuration or manual disk type specification.
If the format utility recognizes the disk type, the
next step is to search for a backup label to label the disk. Labeling the
disk with the backup label labels the disk with the correct partitioning information,
the disk type, and disk geometry.
How to Recover a Corrupted Disk Label
-
Boot the system to single-user mode.
If necessary, boot the system from a local CD-ROM or the network in
single-user mode to access the disk.
See Chapter 13, SPARC: Booting a System (Tasks) or Chapter 14, IA: Booting a System (Tasks)
for information on booting the system.
-
Relabel the disk.
At this point, the format utility attempts to automatically
configure any unlabeled SCSI disk. If the format utility
is able to configure the unlabeled and corrupted disk, it will display:
cwtxdy: configured with capacity of abcMB
|
The format utility then displays the list of disks
on the system.
-
Type the number of the disk that you need to recover from the list displayed
on your screen.
Specify disk (enter its number): 1
|
-
Select one of the following to determine how to label the disk.
-
If the disk was configured successfully, follow steps 5 and 6. Then
go to step 12.
-
If the disk was not configured successfully, follow steps 7-11. Then
go to step 12.
-
Search for the backup label.
format> verify
Warning: Could not read primary label.
Warning: Check the current partitioning and 'label' the disk or
use the 'backup' command.
Backup label contents:
Volume name = < >
ascii name = <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
pcyl = 2038
ncyl = 2036
acyl = 2
nhead = 14
nsect = 72
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 300 148.15MB (301/0/0) 303408
1 swap wu 301 - 524 110.25MB (224/0/0) 225792
2 backup wm 0 - 2035 1002.09MB (2036/0/0) 2052288
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 usr wm 525 - 2035 743.70MB (1511/0/0) 1523088
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
|
-
If the format utility was able to find a backup label
and the backup label contents appear satisfactory, use the backup command to label the disk with the backup label.
format> backup
Disk has a primary label, still continue? y
Searching for backup labels...found.
Restoring primary label
|
The disk label has been recovered. Go to step 12.
-
If the format utility was not able to automatically
configure the disk, specify the disk type by using the type
command.
The Available Drives Type menu is displayed.
-
Select 0 to automatically configure the disk, or
select a disk type from the list of possible disk types.
Specify disk type (enter its number)[12]: 12
|
-
If the disk was successfully configured, reply with no
when the format utility asks if you want to label the disk.
Disk not labeled. Label it now? no
|
-
Use the verify command to search for backup labels.
format> verify
Warning: Could not read primary label.
Warning: Check the current partitioning and 'label' the disk
or use the 'backup' command.
.
.
.
|
-
If the format utility was able to find a backup label
and the backup label contents appear satisfactory, use the backup command to label the disk with the backup label.
format> backup
Disk has a primary label, still continue? y
Searching for backup labels...found.
Restoring primary label
|
The disk label has been recovered.
-
Exit the format utility.
-
Verify the file systems on the recovered disk by using the fsck command.
For information on using the fsck command, see Chapter 42, Checking UFS File System Consistency (Tasks).
Adding a Third-Party Disk
The Solaris environment supports many third-party disks. However, you
might need to supply either a device driver, a format.dat
entry, or both for the disk to be recognized. Other options for adding disks
are as follows:
If the third-party disk is designed to work with standard SunOS-compatible
device drivers, then creation of an appropriate format.dat
entry should be enough to allow the disk to be recognized by the format utility. In other cases, you need to load a third-party device
driver to support the disk.
Note –
Sun cannot guarantee that its format utility
will work properly with all third-party disk drivers. If the disk driver is
not compatible with the Solaris format utility, the disk
drive vendor should supply you with a custom format program.
This section discusses what to do if some of this software support is
missing. Typically, you discover that software support is missing when you
invoke the format utility and find that the disk type is
not recognized.
Supply the missing software as described in this section, and then refer
to the appropriate configuration procedure for adding system disks or secondary
disks in Chapter 33, SPARC: Adding a Disk (Tasks) or Chapter 34, x86: Adding a Disk (Tasks).
Creating a format.dat Entry
Unrecognized disks cannot be formatted without precise information about
the disk's geometry and operating parameters. This information is supplied
in the /etc/format.dat file.
Note –
SCSI-2 drives do not require a format.dat
entry. The format utility automatically configures the
SCSI-2 drivers if the drives are powered on during a reconfiguration boot.
For step-by-step instructions on configuring a SCSI disk drive automatically,
see How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Drive.
If your disk is unrecognized, use a text editor to create an entry in format.dat for the disk. You need to gather all the pertinent technical
specifications about the disk and its controller before you start. This information
should have been provided with the disk. If not, contact the disk manufacturer
or your supplier.
How to Create a format.dat Entry
-
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Make a copy of the /etc/format.dat file.
# cp /etc/format.dat /etc/format.dat.gen
|
-
Modify the /etc/format.dat file to include an entry
for the third-party disk by using the format.dat information
that is described in Chapter 35, The format Utility (Reference).
Use the disk's hardware product documentation to gather the required
information.
Automatically Configuring SCSI Disk Drives
The format utility automatically configures SCSI
disk drives even if that specific type of drive is not listed in the /etc/format.dat file. This feature enables you to format, create
slices for, and label any disk driver that is compliant with the SCSI-2 specification
for disk device mode sense pages.
Other options for adding disks are:
The following steps are involved in configuring a SCSI drive by using
automatic configuration:
-
Shutting down the system
-
Attaching the SCSI disk drive to the system
-
Turning on the disk drive
-
Performing a reconfiguration boot
-
Using the format utility to automatically
configure the SCSI disk drive
After the reconfiguration boot, invoke the format
utility. The format utility will attempt to configure the
disk and, if successful, alert the user that the disk was configured. For
step-by-step instructions on configuring a SCSI disk drive automatically,
see How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Drive.
Here's an example of a partition table for a 1.3-Gbyte SCSI disk drive
that was displayed by the format utility.
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 96 64.41MB (97/0/0)
1 swap wu 97 - 289 128.16MB (193/0/0)
2 backup wu 0 - 1964 1.27GB (1965/0/0)
6 usr wm 290 - 1964 1.09GB (1675/0/0)
|
For more information on using SCSI automatic configuration, see Chapter 35, The format Utility (Reference).
How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Drive
-
Become superuser or equivalent role.
-
Create the /reconfigure file that will be read
when the system is booted.
-
Shut down the system.
|
-in
|
Brings
the system down to init level 0, the power-down state.
|
|
-g30
|
Notifies logged-in users that they
have n seconds before the system begins to shut
down.
|
|
-y
|
Specifies that the command should run
without user intervention.
|
The ok prompt is displayed after the system is shut
down.
-
Turn off the power to the system and all external peripheral devices.
-
Make sure that the disk you are adding has a different target number
than the other devices on the system.
You will often find a small switch located at the back of the disk for
this purpose.
-
Connect the disk to the system and check the physical connections.
Refer to the disk's hardware installation guide for installation details.
-
Turn on the power to all external peripherals.
-
Turn on the power to the system.
The system boots and displays the login prompt.
-
Log back in as superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Invoke the format utility and select the disk that
you want to configure automatically.
# format
Searching for disks...done
c1t0d0: configured with capacity of 1002.09MB
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t1d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0
1. c0t3d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 1
|
-
Type yes to the prompt to label the disk.
Typing y causes the disk label to be generated and
written to the disk by SCSI automatic configuration.
Disk not labeled. Label it now? y
|
-
Verify the disk label.
-
Exit the format utility.
Repairing a Defective Sector
If a disk on your system has a defective sector, you can repair it by
following procedures in this section. You might become aware of defective
sectors when you do the following:
-
Run surface analysis on a disk
For more information on the analysis feature of the format utility, see The analyze Menu.
The defective area reported while your system is running might not be
accurate. Since the system does disk operations many sectors at a time, it
is often hard to pinpoint exactly which sector caused a given error. To find
the exact sector(s), use How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis.
-
Get multiple error messages from the disk driver concerning
a particular portion of the disk while your system is running.
Messages that are related to disk errors look like the following:
WARNING: /io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@1,10000/sd@3,0 (sd33):
Error for command 'read' Error Level: Retryable
Requested Block 126, Error Block: 179
Sense Key: Media Error
Vendor 'name':
ASC = 0x11 (unrecovered read error), ASCQ = 0x0, FRU = 0x0
|
The preceding console message indicates that block 179 might be defective.
Relocate the bad block by using the format utility's repair command or use the analyze command with
the repair option enabled.
How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis
-
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Unmount the file system in the slice that contains the defective sector.
# umount /dev/dsk/device-name
|
For more information, see mount(1M).
-
Invoke the format utility.
-
Select the affected disk.
Specify disk (enter its number):1
selecting c0t2d0:
[disk formatted]
Warning: Current Disk has mounted partitions.
|
-
Select the analyze menu.
-
Set up the analysis parameters by typing setup at
the analyze> prompt.
Use the parameters shown here:
analyze> setup
Analyze entire disk [yes]? n
Enter starting block number [0, 0/0/0]: 12330
Enter ending block number [2052287, 2035/13/71]: 12360
Loop continuously [no]? y
Repair defective blocks [yes]? n
Stop after first error [no]? n
Use random bit patterns [no]? n
Enter number of blocks per transfer [126, 0/1/54]: 1
Verify media after formatting [yes]? y
Enable extended messages [no]? n
Restore defect list [yes]? y
Create defect label [yes]? y
|
-
Use the read command to find the defect.
analyze> read
Ready to analyze (won't harm SunOS). This takes a long time,
but is interruptible with Control-C. Continue? y
pass 0
2035/12/1825/7/24
pass 1
Block 12354 (18/4/18), Corrected media error (hard data ecc)
25/7/24
^C
Total of 1 defective blocks repaired.
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How to Repair a Defective Sector
-
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
-
Invoke the format utility.
-
Select the disk that contains the defective sector.
Specify disk (enter its number): 1
selecting c0t3d0
[disk formatted]
format>
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-
Select the repair command.
-
Type the defective block number.
Enter absolute block number of defect: 12354
Ready to repair defect, continue? y
Repairing block 12354 (18/4/18)...ok.
format>
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If you are unsure of the format that is used to identify the defective
sector, see How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis for more information.
Tips and Tricks for Managing Disks
Use the following tips to help you manage disks more efficiently.
Debugging format Sessions
Invoke format -M to enable extended
and diagnostic messages for ATA and SCSI devices.
In this example, the series of numbers under Inquiry:
represent the hexadecimal value of the inquiry data that
is displayed to the right of the numbers.
# format -M
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t1d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0
1. c0t3d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 0
selecting c0t3d0
[disk formatted]
format> inquiry
Inquiry:
00 00 02 02 8f 00 00 12 53 45 41 47 41 54 45 20 ........NAME....
53 54 31 31 32 30 30 4e 20 53 55 4e 31 2e 30 35 ST11200N SUN1.05
38 33 35 38 30 30 30 33 30 32 30 39 00 00 00 00 835800030209....
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 63 29 20 31 .Copyright (c) 1
39 39 32 20 53 65 61 67 61 74 65 20 41 6c 6c 20 992 NAME All
72 69 67 68 74 73 20 72 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 rights reserved
30 30 30 000
Vendor: name
Product: ST11200N SUN1.05
Revision: 8358
format>
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Label Multiple Disks by Using the prtvtoc and fmthard Commands
Use the prtvtoc and fmthard commands
to label multiple disks with the same disk geometry.
Use the following for loop in a script to copy a
disk label from one disk and replicate it on multiple disks.
# for i in x y z
> do
> prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/cwtxdysz | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/cwt${i}d0s2
> done
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Example—Labeling Multiple Disks
In this example, the disk label from c2t0d0s0 is
copied to four other disks.
# for i in 1 2 3 5
> do
> prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0s0 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c2t${i}d0s2
> done
fmthard: New volume table of contents now in place.
fmthard: New volume table of contents now in place.
fmthard: New volume table of contents now in place.
fmthard: New volume table of contents now in place.
#
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