Preface

This guide describes the routines in the Sun^TM FORTRAN 77 version 5.0 and Fortran 90 version 2.0 runtime libraries.

Who Should Use This Book

This is a reference manual intended for programmers with a working knowledge of the Fortran language and some understanding of the Solaris(TM) operating environment and UNIX commands.

Multi-Platform Release

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Note -

The name of the latest Solaris operating environment release is Solaris 7 but some documentation and path or package path names may still use Solaris 2.7 or SunOS 5.7.

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The Sun^TM WorkShop^TM documentation applies to Solaris 2.5.1, Solaris 2.6, and Solaris 7 operating environments.

FORTRAN 77 5.0 is released for:

• The SPARC(TM) platform

• The x86 platform, where x86 refers to the Intel® implementation of one of the following: Intel 80386^TM, Intel 80486^TM, Pentium^TM, or the equivalent

Fortran 90 2.0 is released for:

• Solaris 2.5.1, 2.6, and Solaris 7 environments on SPARC processors only.

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Note -

The term "x86" refers to the Intel 8086 family of microprocessor chips, including the Pentium, Pentium Pro, and Pentium II processors and compatible microprocessor chips made by AMD and Cyrix. In this document, the term "x86" refers to the overall platform architecture. Features described in this book that are particular to a specific platform are differentiated by the terms "SPARC" and "x86" in the text.

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Related Books

The following books augment this manual and provide essential information:

• Fortran User's Guide--provides information on command line options and how to use the compilers.

• Fortran Programming Guide--discusses issues relating to input/output, libraries, program analysis, debugging, performance, and so on.

• FORTRAN 77 Language Reference--gives details on the language.

• Sun Performance WorkShop Fortran Overview gives a high-level outline of the Fortran package suite.

Other Programming Books

• C User's Guide--describes compiler options, pragmas, and more.

• Numerical Computation Guide--details floating-point computation and numerical accuracy issues.

• Sun WorkShop Performance Library Reference-discusses the library of subroutines and functions to perform useful operations in computational linear algebra and Fourier transforms.

Other Sun WorkShop Books

• Sun WorkShop Quick Install-provides installation instructions.

• Sun WorkShop Installation Reference-provides supporting installation and licensing information.

• Sun Visual WorkShop C++ Overview-gives a high-level outline of the C++ package suite.

• Using Sun WorkShop--gives information on performing development operations through Sun WorkShop.

• Debugging a Program With dbx--provides information on using dbx commands to debug a program.

• Analyzing Program Performance with Sun WorkShop--describes the profiling tools; LoopTool, LoopReport, LockLint utilities; and the Sampling Analyzer to enhance program performance.

• Sun WorkShop TeamWare User's Guide--describes how to use the Sun WorkShop TeamWare code management tools.

Solaris Books

The following Solaris manuals and guides provide additional useful information:

• The Solaris Linker and Libraries Guide--gives information on linking and libraries.

• The Solaris Programming Utilities Guide--provides information for developers about the special built-in programming tools available in the SunOS system.

Ordering Sun Documents

The SunDocs^SM program provides more than 250 manuals from Sun Microsystems, Inc. If you live in the United States, Canada, Europe, or Japan, you can purchase documentation sets or individual manuals using this program.

For a list of documents and how to order them, see the catalog section of the SunExpress^TM Internet site at http://www.sun.com/sunexpress.

Accessing Sun Documents Online

Sun WorkShop documentation is available online from several sources:

• The docs.sun.com Web site

• AnswerBook2^TM collections

• HTML documents

• Online help and release notes

Using the docs.sun.com Web site

The docs.sun.com Web site enables you to access Sun technical documentation online. You can browse the docs.sun.com archive or search for a specific book title or subject. The URL is http://docs.sun.com.

Accessing AnswerBook2 Collections

The Sun WorkShop documentation is also available using AnswerBook2 software. To access the AnswerBook2 collections, your system administrator must have installed the AnswerBook2 documents during the installation process (if the documents are not installed, see your system administrator or Chapter 3 of Sun WorkShop Quick Install for installation instructions). For information about accessing AnswerBook2 documents, see Chapter 6 of Sun WorkShop Quick Install, Solaris installation documentation, or your system administrator.

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Note -

To access AnswerBook2 documents, Solaris 2.5.1 users must first download AnswerBook2 documentation server software from a Sun Web page. For more information, see Chapter 6 of Sun WorkShop Quick Install.

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Accessing HTML Documents

The following Sun Workshop documents are available online only in HTML format:

• Tools.h++ Class Library Reference

• Tools.h++ User's Guide

• Numerical Computation Guide

• Standard C++ Library User's Guide

• Standard C++ Class Library Reference

• Sun WorkShop Performance Library Reference Manual

• Sun WorkShop Visual User's Guide

• Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor User's Manual

To access these HTML documents:

1. Open the following file through your HTML browser:

   install-directory/SUNWspro/DOC5.0/lib/locale/C/html/index.html

   Replace install-directory with the name of the directory where your Sun WorkShop software is installed (the default is /opt).

   The browser displays an index of the HTML documents for the Sun WorkShop products that are installed.

2. Open a document in the index by clicking the document's title.

Accessing Sun WorkShop Online Help and Release Notes

This release of Sun WorkShop includes an online help system as well as online manuals. To find out more see:

• Online Help. A help system containing extensive task-oriented, context-sensitive help. To access the help, choose Help Help Contents. Help menus are available in all Sun WorkShop windows.

• Release Notes. The Release Notes contain general information about Sun WorkShop and specific information about software limitations and bugs. To access the Release Notes, choose Help Release Notes.

• You can view the latest release information regarding the FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90 compilers, by running these commands at any shell prompt:

  % f77 -xhelp=readme -or- % f90 -xhelp=readme

What Typographic Changes Mean

The following table describes the typographic changes used in this book.

Table P-1 Typographic Conventions

Typeface or Symbol	Meaning	Example
AaBbCc123	The names of commands, files, and directories; on-screen computer output	Edit your .login file. Use ls -a to list all files. machine_name% You have mail.
AaBbCc123	What you type, contrasted with on-screen computer output	machine_name% su Password:
AaBbCc123	Command-line placeholder: replace with a real name or value	To delete a file, type rm filename.
AaBbCc123	Book titles, new words or terms, or words to be emphasized	Read Chapter 6 in User's Guide. These are called class options. You must be root to do this.

Shell Prompts in Command Examples

The following table shows the default system prompt and superuser prompt for the C shell, Bourne shell, and Korn shell.

Table P-2 Shell Prompts

Shell	Prompt
C shell prompt	machine_name%
C shell superuser prompt	machine_name#
Bourne shell and Korn shell prompt	$
Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser prompt	#

Other Conventions Used in This Book

The following conventions appear in the text of this book:

• Examples use the csh shell and demo% as the system prompt, or the sh shell and demo$ as the prompt.

• Code listings and examples appear in boxes:

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  	WRITE( *, * ) 'Hello world'

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• The symbol "¤" stands in for a blank space where a blank is significant:

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  ¤¤36.001

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• FORTRAN 77 examples appear in tab format, while Fortran 90 examples appear in free format. Examples common to both FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90 use tab format except where indicated.

• Uppercase characters are generally used to show Fortran keywords and intrinsics (PRINT), and lowercase or mixed case is used for variables (TbarX).

• The Sun FORTRAN compilers are referred to by their command names, either f77 or f90. "f77/f90" indicates information that is common to both the FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90 compilers.

• References to online man pages appear with the topic name and section number. For example, a reference to GETENV will appear as getenv(3F), implying that the man command to access this page would be:    man -s 3F getenv

• System Administrators can install the Sun Fortran compilers and supporting material at: <install_point>/SUNWspro/SC5.0/ where <install_point> is usually /opt for a standard install. This is the location assumed in this book.

• The FORTRAN 77 standard uses an older convention of spelling the name "FORTRAN" capitalized. Sun documentation uses both FORTRAN and Fortran. The current convention is to use lower case: "Fortran 95".