............................Contents


..Ordering Sun Documents	xvii
1. NFS Overview	1
..NFS Characteristics	1
..NFS Version 2 and Version 3	2
....NFS Version 3 Features	2
..Tuning Cycle	4
..Third-Party Tools	4
2. Hardware Overview	5
..NFS File Servers	5
....SPARCserver 5 System	9
....SPARCserver 10 System	10
....SPARCserver 20 System	11
....Sun Ultra Enterprise 1 and 2 Systems	13
....SPARCserver 1000 and SPARCserver 1000E Systems	14
....SPARCcenter 2000 or SPARCcenter 2000E Systems	17


....Ultra Enterprise 4000, 5000, and 6000 Systems	19
....Netra nfs150 Server System	21
..Disk Expansion Units	24
....SPARCstorage Array Subsystem	24
....SPARCstorage MultiPack	27
....Desktop Storage Module	28
....Multi-Disk Pack	28
....SPARCstorage UniPack	29
....Desktop Disk Pack	29
3. Analyzing NFS Performance	31
..Tuning the NFS Server	31
....Improving General Performance	31
....Resolving Performance Problems	32
..Checking Network, Server, and Client Performance	32
....Checking the Network	32
........· To find the number of packets and collisions or errors
...........on each network	33
........· To determine how long a round trip echo packet takes
...........on the network, and to display packet losses	35
....Checking the NFS Server	36
........· To see what is being exported	38
........· To display the file systems mounted and the disk drive
...........on which the file system is mounted	38
........· If an Online: DiskSuite metadisk is returned by the `df`
...........`-k` command, determine the number of the disk.	39


........· To determine the `/dev/dsk` entries for each exporte d
...........file system	41
........· To see the disk statistics for each disk	44
........· To translate disk names into disk numbers	45
........· To collect data on a regular basis	49
........· To spread the load out over the disks	49
........· To adjust the buffer cache if you have read-only file
...........systems	50
........· To identify NFS problems, display server statistics	50
........· To eliminate symbolic links	52
........· To show the Directory Name Lookup Cache (DNLC)
...........hit rate	52
........· To check the system state if the system has a
...........Prestoserve NFS accelerator	53
....Checking Each Client	54
........· To check the client statistics to see if the client is having
...........NFS problems	55
........· To display statistics for each NFS mounted file system
.................................................57
4. Configuring the Server and the Client to Maximize NFS
..Performance	59
..Tuning for NFS Performance Improvement	59
....Balancing NFS Server Workload	60
..Networking Requirements	61
....Data-Intensive Applications	61
....Configuring the Network	61
....Attribute-Intensive Applications	62


........· To configure networking when your server's primary
...........application is attribute-intensive	62
....Systems with More Than One Class of Users	63
..Disk Drives	63
....Limiting Disk Bottlenecks	64
....Replicating File Systems	65
....Adding the Cache File System	66
....Configuring Rules for Disk Drives	66
....Using Solstice DiskSuite or Online: DiskSuite to Spread Disk
.......Access Load	67
....Using Log-Based File Systems with Solstice DiskSuite or
.......Online: DiskSuite 3.0	68
....Using the Optimum Zones of the Disk	69
..Central Processor Units	69
........· To determine CPU usage	69
..Memory	71
....Determining if an NFS Server Is Memory Bound	71
....Calculating Memory	72
....Swap Space	74
..Prestoserve NFS Accelerator	75
....NVRAM-NVSIMM	75
....NVRAM SBus	75
....Adding the SBus Prestoserve NFS Accelerator	76
....Adding the NVRAM-NVSIMM Prestoserve NFS Accelerator	76
..Tuning Parameters	77


.....Setting the Number of NFS Threads in
.......`/etc/init.d/nfs.server`	77
.....Identifying Buffer Sizes and Tuning Variables	78
.....Using `/etc/system` to Modify Kernel Variables	78
.....Adjusting Cache Size: `maxusers`	79
.....Adjusting the Buffer Cache: `bufhwm`	80
.....Directory Name Lookup Cache (DNLC)	82
.........· To show the DNLC hit rate (cache hits), type `vmstat -`
...........`s`	82
.........· To reset `ncsize`	83
.....Increasing the Inode Cache	83
.....· To increase the inode cache	84
.....Increasing Read Throughput	85
.........· To increase the number of read-aheads in the Solaris 2.4
...........version and later with NFS Version 2	86
.........· To increase the number of read-aheads in Solaris 2.5
...........version and later with NFS Version 3	86
5. Troubleshooting	87
A. Using NFS
..Performance-Monitoring
..and Benchmarking Tools	93
..NFS Monitoring Tools	94
..Network Monitoring Tools	95
.....`snoop`	96
..LADDIS	101
.....LADDIS Benchmark	102


....Interpreting LADDIS Results	103