PowerPC: About System and Secondary Disks

A system disk contains the root (/) or /usr file systems, or both. If the disk containing either of these file systems becomes damaged, you have two ways to recover:

• You can reinstall the entire Solaris environment.
• You can replace the system disk and restore your file systems from a backup medium.

A secondary disk usually contains space for user files. If you replace a secondary disk on a system, you can restore the old disk's data on the new disk.

PowerPC: Adding a System or Secondary Disk

Table 5-1 PowerPC: Adding a System or Secondary Disk

PowerPC: Guidelines for Creating an fdisk Partition

Follow these guidelines when setting up the fdisk partition:

• The disk can be divided into a maximum of four fdisk partitions. The Solaris installation utility automatically sets up three of the four available fdisk partitions. These fdisk partitions are:

  · PowerPC Boot - a small three-cylinder partition that contains PowerPC boot code.

  · DOS12 - a small partition that is used to boot PowerPC systems.

  · Solaris - the partition that contains the Solaris release.

• The DOS12 partition must be the active partition on the system disk. The Solaris installation process sets this up automatically.
• If you add a new system disk after installation, you will have to create three fdisk partitions:

  · The PowerPC boot, required for booting the system

  · The DOS12 fdisk partitions, required for booting the system

  · A Solaris fdisk partition, required for the Solaris PowerPC Edition release.

• Solaris fdisk partitions must begin on cylinder boundaries.
• Solaris fdisk partitions must begin at cylinder 1, not cylinder 0, on the first disk because additional boot information, including the master boot record, is written in sector 0.
• The Solaris fdisk partition can be the entire disk or you can make it smaller to allow room for a DOS12 partition, (if it will be used for booting). You can also make a new fdisk partition on a disk without disturbing existing partitions (if there is enough room to create a new one).
• Unlike x86 systems, the Solaris 2.5.1 PowerPC Edition release does not allow multiple operating systems on the same disk.

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For PowerPC systems - In some Solaris documentation, Solaris slices are referred to as partitions. The Solaris 2.x documentation distinguishes between fdisk partitions (for x86 and PowerPC systems) and the divisions within an fdisk partition; which are referred to interchangeably as slices or partitions.

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· PowerPC: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot

This procedure assumes that the system is down.

1. Disconnect the damaged system disk from the system.

2. Make sure the disk you are adding has a different target number than the other devices on the system.

   You will often find a small switch located at the back of the disk for setting the target number.

3. Connect the replacement system disk to the system and check the physical connections.

   Refer to the disk's hardware installation guide for installation details. Also, refer to the Solaris 2.5.1 PowerPC Edition: Hardware Compatibility List for hardware configuration requirements specific to the disk.

4. Follow the instructions in the table below depending on whether you are booting from a local or remote Solaris 2.5.1 CD.

If You Are Booting From ...	Then ...
A Solaris 2.5.1 CD from a local CD-ROM drive	1. Make sure the CD is in the CD-ROM drive. 2. Boot from the CD to single-user mode: ok boot cdrom -s
A Solaris 2.5.1 CD from a CD-ROM drive over the network	1. Boot from the net to single-user mode: ok boot net -s

After a few minutes, the root prompt (#) is displayed.

Where to Go From Here

After you boot the system, you can create the fdisk partitions required for booting a system disk. See "PowerPC: How to Create fdisk Partitions for a System Disk" on page 58.

· PowerPC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot

1. Become root.

2. If the disk is unsupported by the Solaris software, add the device driver for the disk by following the instructions included with the hardware.

3. Create the /reconfigure file that will be read when the system is booted.

# touch /reconfigure

The /reconfigure file causes the SunOS software to check for newly installed peripheral devices when you power on or boot your system later.

4. Shut down the system.

# shutdown -i0 -g30 -y

In this command:

-i0	Brings the system down to init state 0 (zero), the power-down state.
-g30	Notifies logged-in users that they have n seconds before the system begins to shut down.
-y	Specifies the command should run without user intervention.

5. If you see the automatic boot prompt, press any key to stop the automatic boot process.

   The ok prompt is displayed.

6. Turn off the power to the system and all external peripheral devices.

7. Make sure the disk you are adding has a different target number than the other devices on the system.

   You will often find a small switch located at the back of the disk for setting the target number.

8. Connect the disk to the system and check the physical connections.

   Refer to the disk's hardware installation guide for installation details. Also, refer to the Solaris 2.5.1 PowerPC Edition: Hardware Compatibility List for hardware configuration requirements specific to the disk.

9. Turn on the power to all external peripherals.

10. Turn on the power to the system.

    The system boots and display the login prompt.

Where to Go From Here

After you boot the system, you can create a Solaris fdisk partition. See "PowerPC: How to Create a Solaris fdisk Partition for a Secondary Disk" on page 54.

· PowerPC: How to Create a Solaris fdisk Partition for a Secondary Disk

Use this procedure to create a Solaris fdisk partition on a disk that is added to the system after installation. The format utility automatically sets up the entire disk as a Solaris fdisk partition.

1. Make sure you have read "Guidelines for Creating an fdisk Partition" on page 50.

2. Become root.

3. Start the format utility.

# format

4. Enter the number of the disk on which to create a Solaris fdisk partition from the list displayed on your screen.

Specify disk (enter its number): disk-number

At this prompt:

disk-number...Is the number of the disk on which to create a Solaris fdisk partition.

5. Go into the fdisk menu.

format> fdisk

In most cases, the output will look like the following. The format utility automatically sets up the entire disk as the Solaris fdisk partition.

format> fdisk Total disk size is 2694 cylinders Cylinder size is 765 (512 byte) blocks Cylinders Partition Status Type Start End Length % ========= ====== ============ ===== === ====== === 1 Active Solaris 1 2693 2693 100 SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. Create a partition 2. Change Active (Boot from) partition 3. Delete a partition 4. Exit (Update disk configuration and exit) 5. Cancel (Exit without updating disk configuration) Enter Selection:

6. Select option 4 to make the entire disk the Solaris fdisk partition. Then go to step 13.

Selection: 4

7. Remove any existing fdisk partitions by selecting option 3. Delete a partition, if necessary.

Enter the number of the partition you want to delete (or enter 0 to exit ): 1 Do you want to delete partition 1? This will make all files and programs in this partition inaccessible (type "y" or "n"). y Partition 1 has been deleted.

8. Create an fdisk partition by selecting option 1. Create a partition.

9. Select 1=Solaris to create a Solaris fdisk partition.

Indicate the type of partition you want to create (1=SOLARIS, 2=UNIX, 3=PCIXOS, 4=Other, 8=DOSBIG) (5=DOS12, 6=DOS16, 7=DOSEXT, 9=PowerPC Boot, 0=Exit) ? 1

10. Indicate the percentage of the disk to be used for the fdisk partition.

Indicate the percentage of the disk you want this partition to use (or enter "c" to specify in cylinders). 100

11. Indicate whether the fdisk partition should be activated. Enter n if the fdisk partition will not be used for booting.

Do you want this to become the Active partition? If so, it will be activated each time you reset your computer or when you turn it on again. Please type "y" or "n". n

12. Update the disk configuration and exit the fdisk menu from the selection menu.

Selection: 4

13. Quit the format menu.

format> quit

Example--Creating an fdisk Partition for a Secondary Disk on a PowerPC System

In the following example, the entire disk is used as the Solaris fdisk partition.

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t2d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2691 alt 2 hd 9 sec 85> /pci/pci1000,1@1/cmdk@2,0 1. c0t6d0 <DEFAULT cyl 1728 alt 2 hd 7 sec 87> /pci/pci1000,1@1/cmdk@6,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 0 selecting c0t2d0 [disk formatted] FORMAT MENU: . . . format> fdisk Total disk size is 2694 cylinders Cylinder size is 765 (512 byte) blocks Cylinders Partition Status Type Start End Length % ========= ====== ============ ===== === ====== === 1 Active Solaris 1 2693 2693 100 SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. Create a partition 2. Change Active (Boot from) partition 3. Delete a partition 4. Exit (Update disk configuration and exit) 5. Cancel (Exit without updating disk configuration) Enter Selection: 4 format> quit #

Where to Go From Here

After you create a Solaris fdisk partition on the disk, you can create slices on the disk. Go to "PowerPC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk" on page 66.

· PowerPC: How to Create fdisk Partitions for a System Disk

By default, the format utility sets up a disk added to the system after installation as a Solaris fdisk partition spanning the entire disk. Use this procedure to first remove any existing partitions and then create the fdisk partitions required for booting a system disk.

1. Make sure you have read "Guidelines for Creating an fdisk Partition" on page 50.

2. Become root.

3. Start the format utility.

# format

4. Enter the number of the disk on which to create a Solaris fdisk partition from the list displayed on your screen.

Specify disk (enter its number): disk-number

At this prompt:

disk-number...Is the number of the disk on which to create a Solaris fdisk partition.

5. Go into the fdisk menu.

format> fdisk

In most cases, the output will look like the following. The format utility automatically sets up the entire disk as the Solaris fdisk partition.

format> fdisk Total disk size is 2694 cylinders Cylinder size is 765 (512 byte) blocks Cylinders Partition Status Type Start End Length % ========= ====== ============ ===== === ====== === 1 Active Solaris 1 2693 2693 100 SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. Create a partition 2. Change Active (Boot from) partition 3. Delete a partition 4. Exit (Update disk configuration and exit) 5. Cancel (Exit without updating disk configuration) Enter Selection:

6. Remove any existing fdisk partitions by selecting option 3, Delete a partition.

Enter the number of the partition you want to delete (or enter 0 to exit ): 1 Do you want to delete partition 1? This will make all files and programs in this partition inaccessible (type "y" or "n"). y Partition 1 has been deleted.

7. Create an fdisk partition by selecting option 1. Create a partition. Use the following table to create the required fdisk partitions for booting the system disk.

fdisk Partition	Recommended Size	Activate for Booting?
PowerPC Boot	50 cylinders	No
DOS12	80 cylinders	Yes
Solaris	Rest of disk	No

8. Select the type of fdisk partition to be created.

Indicate the type of partition you want to create (1=SOLARIS, 2=UNIX, 3=PCIXOS, 4=Other, 8=DOSBIG) (5=DOS12, 6=DOS16, 7=DOSEXT, 9=PowerPC Boot, 0=Exit) ?

9. Indicate the percentage of the disk to be used for the fdisk partition.

Indicate the percentage of the disk you want this partition to use (or enter "c" to specify in cylinders).

10. Indicate whether the fdisk partition should be activated. Answer yes if the fdisk partition will be used for booting.

Do you want this to become the Active partition? If so, it will be activated each time you reset your computer or when you turn it on again. Please type "y" or "n".

11. Repeat steps 8-10 for each fdisk partition to be created.

12. Update the disk configuration and exit the fdisk menu from the selection menu.

Selection: 4

13. Quit the format menu.

format> quit

Example--Creating fdisk Partitions for a System Disk on a PowerPC System (1 of 3)

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t2d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2691 alt 2 hd 9 sec 85> /pci/pci1000,1@1/cmdk@2,0 1. c0t6d0 <DEFAULT cyl 1728 alt 2 hd 7 sec 87> /pci/pci1000,1@1/cmdk@6,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 0 selecting c0t2d0 FORMAT MENU: . . . format> fdisk Cylinders Partition Status Type Start End Length % ========= ====== ============ ===== === ====== === 1 Active Solaris 1 2693 2693 100 SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. Create a partition 2. Change Active (Boot from) partition 3. Delete a partition 4. Exit (Update disk configuration and exit) 5. Cancel (Exit without updating disk configuration) Enter Selection: 3 Enter the number of the partition you want to delete (or enter 0 to exit ): 1 Do you want to delete partition 1? This will make all files and programs in this partition inaccessible (type "y" or "n"). y Partition 1 has been deleted. THERE ARE NO PARTITIONS CURRENTLY DEFINED SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. Create a partition 2. Change Active (Boot from) partition 3. Delete a partition 4. Exit (Update disk configuration and exit) 5. Cancel (Exit without updating disk configuration) Enter Selection: 1

Example--Creating fdisk Partitions for a System Disk on a PowerPC System (2 of 3)

Indicate the type of partition you want to create (1=SOLARIS, 2=UNIX, 3=PCIXOS, 4=Other, 8=DOSBIG) (5=DOS12, 6=DOS16, 7=DOSEXT, 9=PowerPC Boot, 0=Exit) ?9 Indicate the percentage of the disk you want this partition to use (or enter "c" to specify in cylinders). 2 Do you want this to become the Active partition? If so, it will be activated each time you reset your computer or when you turn it on again. Please type "y" or "n". n Cylinders Partition Status Type Start End Length % ========= ====== ============ ===== === ====== === 1 PowerPC Boot 1 54 54 2 SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. Create a partition 2. Change Active (Boot from) partition 3. Delete a partition 4. Exit (Update disk configuration and exit) 5. Cancel (Exit without updating disk configuration) Enter Selection: 1 Indicate the type of partition you want to create (1=SOLARIS, 2=UNIX, 3=PCIXOS, 4=Other, 8=DOSBIG) (5=DOS12, 6=DOS16, 7=DOSEXT, 9=PowerPC Boot, 0=Exit) ?5 Indicate the percentage of the disk you want this partition to use (or enter "c" to specify in cylinders). 3 Do you want this to become the Active partition? If so, it will be activated each time you reset your computer or when you turn it on again. Please type "y" or "n". y Partition 2 is now the Active partition Cylinders Partition Status Type Start End Length % ========= ====== ============ ===== === ====== === 1 PowerPC Boot 1 54 54 2 2 Active DOS12 55 134 80 3

Example--Creating fdisk Partitions for a System Disk on a PowerPC System(3 of 3)

SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. Create a partition 2. Change Active (Boot from) partition 3. Delete a partition 4. Exit (Update disk configuration and exit) 5. Cancel (Exit without updating disk configuration) Enter Selection: 1 Indicate the type of partition you want to create (1=SOLARIS, 2=UNIX, 3=PCIXOS, 4=Other, 8=DOSBIG) (5=DOS12, 6=DOS16, 7=DOSEXT, 9=PowerPC Boot, 0=Exit) ?1 Indicate the percentage of the disk you want this partition to use (or enter "c" to specify in cylinders). 95 Do you want this to become the Active partition? If so, it will be activated each time you reset your computer or when you turn it on again. Please type "y" or "n". n Cylinders Partition Status Type Start End Length % ========= ====== ============ ===== === ====== === 1 PowerPC Boot 1 54 54 2 2 Active DOS12 55 134 80 3 3 Solaris 135 2693 2559 95 SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. Create a partition 2. Change Active (Boot from) partition 3. Delete a partition 4. Exit (Update disk configuration and exit) 5. Cancel (Exit without updating disk configuration) Enter Selection: 4 WARNING:Solaris fdisk partition changed - Please relabel the disk format> label Ready to label disk, continue? yes format> quit

Where to Go From Here

After you create a Solaris fdisk partition on the disk, you can create slices on the disk. Go to "PowerPC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk" on page 66.

· PowerPC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk

1. Become root.

2. Start the format utility.

# format

3. Enter the number of the disk that you want to repartition from the list displayed on your screen.

Specify disk (enter its number): disk-number

At this prompt:

disk-number...Is the number of the disk that you want to repartition.

4. Go into the partition menu (which lets you set up the slices).

format> partition

5. Display the current partition (slice) table.

partition> print

6. Start the modification process.

partition> modify

7. Set the disk to all free hog.

Choose base (enter number) [0]? 1

For more information about the free hog slice, see "Managing Disks" in System Administration Guide, Volume I.

8. Create a new partition table by answering yes when prompted to continue.

Do you wish to continue creating a new partition table based on above table[yes]? yes

9. Identify the free hog partition (slice) and the sizes of the slices when prompted.

   When adding a system disk, you must set up slices for:

• root (slice 0) and swap (slice 1) and/or
• /usr (slice 6)

After you identify the slices, the new partition table is displayed.

10. Make the displayed partition table the current partition table by answering yes when asked.

Okay to make this the current partition table[yes]? yes

If you don't want the current partition table and you want to change it, answer no and go to Step 6.

11. Name the partition table.

Enter table name (remember quotes): "partition-name"

At this prompt:

partition-name..Is the name for the new partition table.

12. Label the disk with the new partition table when you have finished allocating slices on the new disk.

Ready to label disk, continue? yes

13. Quit the partition menu.

partition> quit

14. Quit the format menu.

format> quit

Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a Disk on a PowerPC System (1 of 3)

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t2d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2557 alt 2 hd 9 sec 85> /pci/pci1000,1@1/cmdk@2,0 1. c0t6d0 <DEFAULT cyl 1728 alt 2 hd 7 sec 87> /pci/pci1000,1@1/cmdk@6,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 0 selecting c0t2d0 [disk formatted] FORMAT MENU: . . . format> partition PARTITION MENU: 0 - change `0' partition 1 - change `1' partition 2 - change `2' partition 3 - change `3' partition 4 - change `4' partition 5 - change `5' partition 6 - change `6' partition 7 - change `7' partition select - select a predefined table modify - modify a predefined partition table name - name the current table print - display the current table label - write partition map and label to the disk quit partition> print

Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a Disk on a PowerPC System (2 of 3)

Current partition table (original): Total disk cylinders available: 2557 + 2 (reserved cylinders) Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 - 85 32MB (86/0/0) 65790 1 swap wu 86 - 257 64MB (172/0/0) 131580 2 backup wu 0 - 2693 1006MB (2694/0/0) 2060910 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 6 usr wm 258 - 2691 909MB (2434/0/0) 1862010 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 8 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 9 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 partition> modify Select partitioning base: 0. Current partition table (original) 1. All Free Hog Choose base (enter number) [0]? 1 Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 1 swap wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 2 backup wu 0 - 2556 955MB (2557/0/0) 1956105 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 6 usr wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 8 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 9 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 Do you wish to continue creating a new partition table based on above table[yes]? Press Return Free Hog partition[6]? Press Return

Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a Disk on a PowerPC System (3 of 3)

Enter size of partition '0' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 100m Enter size of partition '1' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 100m Enter size of partition '3' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Enter size of partition '4' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Enter size of partition '5' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 100m Enter size of partition '7' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 - 267 100MB (268/0/0) 205020 1 swap wu 268 - 535 100MB (268/0/0) 205020 2 backup wu 0 - 2556 955MB (2557/0/0) 1956105 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 5 unassigned wm 536 - 803 100MB (268/0/0) 205020 6 usr wm 804 - 2556 654MB (1753/0/0) 1341045 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 8 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 9 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 Okay to make this the current partition table[yes]? Press Return Enter table name (remember quotes): "disk2" Ready to label disk, continue? yes partition> quit format> quit

Where to Go From Here

After you create disk slices and label the disk, you can create file systems on the disk. Go to "PowerPC: How to Create a File System" on page 72.

· PowerPC: How to Create a File System

1. Become root.

2. Create a file system for each slice with the newfs command.

# newfs /dev/rdsk/cwtxdysz

In this command:

/dev/rdsk/cwtxdysz       Is the raw device for the file system to be created.

For more information about the newfs command, see "Managing File Systems" in System Administration Guide, Volume I.

Example--Creating a File System on a PowerPC System

# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t2d0s0 newfs: construct a new file system /dev/rdsk/c0t2d0s0: (y/n)? y /dev/rdsk/c0t2d0s0:205020 sectors in 268 cylinders of 9 tracks, 85 sectors 100.1MB in 17 cyl groups (16 c/g, 5.98MB/g, 2880 i/g) super-block backups (for fsck -F ufs -o b=#) at: 32, 12368, 24704, 37040, 49376, 61712, 74048, 86384, 98720, 111056, 123392, 135728, 148064, 160400, 172736, 185072, 195872, #

Where to Go From Here

If You Are Adding A ...	Then ...
System Disk	You need to restore the root (/) and /usr file systems on the disk. Go to "Backing Up and Restoring Data" in System Administration Guide, Volume I. After the root (/) and /usr file systems are restored, install the boot block. Go to "PowerPC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk" on page 74.
Secondary Disk	You may need to restore file systems on the new disk. Go to "Backing Up and Restoring Data" in System Administration Guide, Volume I. If you are not restoring file systems on the new disk, you are finished adding a secondary disk. For information on making the file systems available to users, see "Managing File Systems" in System Administration Guide, Volume I.

· PowerPC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk

1. Become root.

2. Type the following command:

# /usr/sbin/installboot -f /platform/'uname -i'/openfirmware.x41 /usr/platform/'uname -i'/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk /dev/rdsk/cwtxdyp0

In this command:

-f /platform/'uname -              Identifies the location of the VOF on

i'/openfirmware.x41

disk.

/usr/platform/'uname -i'/ Is the boot block code. lib/fs/ufs/bootblk

/dev/rdsk/cwtxdyp0.....Is the raw device name that represents the whole disk.

3. Reboot the system to multiuser mode.

Example--Installing a Boot Block on a System Disk on a PowerPC System

# /usr/sbin/installboot -f /platform/IBM,PPS_Model_6015/openfirmware.x41 /usr/platform/IBM,PPS_Model_6015/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t2d0p0

Verification--Installing a Boot Block on a System Disk on a PowerPC System

If the system boots to multiuser mode, the boot block has been installed correctly.