Index

A

Align Left command,6-35
Align Right command	6-35
Alternate key
.....as modifier key,3-22
.....use with arrow keys	3-32
.....using to extend selection,3-7
.....using with mouse,3-19
anchor point,3-17
application icons,1-7 to1-8
.....docked,1-7
.....docked, tier of,4-4
.....freestanding,1-7
Application Kit
.....programming note on menusand,6-1
.....programming note on windowsand,4-2
.....provisions for implementingmenus,6-10
application status, implementing,4-24 to4-26
applications
.....acting on user's behalf,2-3
.....activating,4-12,4-24
.....active,1-3,4-11 to4-13
.....avoiding activation whendragging,4-25
.....deactivating,4-12 to4-13
.....programming note on activating anddeactivating,4-25,4-26
.....programming note on avoidingactivation whendragging,4-26
.....window interface to,4-24 to4-26
.....and window status,4-10 to4-18
.....windows of,1-3 to1-8
Arrange in Front command	6-37
arrow characters,3-24
arrow keys
.....use of,3-9 to3-10	3-24
.....use with Alternate key,3-32
.....use with Control key,3-31
.....use with modifier keys,3-31 to3-33
.....use with Shift key	3-32
attention panels,1-5,5-2 to5-4
.....See also panels
.....default option in,5-11
.....features of,5-3
.....implementing,5-10 to5-12
.....naming,5-10 to5-11
.....naming buttons in,5-12
.....optional explanations in,5-12
.....tier of,4-4

B

Bold command,6-33
browsers,1-13,7-25
buttons	1-9 to 1-10, 7-3 to 7-13
.....See also radio buttons, pop-up lists,and pull-down lists
.....appearance of,1-9
.....changing appearance of during aclick,7-10
.....choosing image or label for,7-7 to7-9
.....choosing results of using,7-7
.....close,4-8
.....controlling lists,1-9,7-5 to7-6
.....how they work,7-3 to7-6
.....implementing	7-6 to 7-13
.....link, implementing,7-12
.....miniaturize	4-8
.....naming in attention panels,5-12
.....one-state,7-7
.....programming note on Returnsymbol,7-9
.....stop, implementing	7-13
.....that set a state,1-9
.....two-state,7-7
.....types of,7-3
.....used as switches,7-3

C

Center command,6-35
Check Spelling command,3-26,6-25
clicking	3-3
.....in windows,3-14
.....reactions to,3-13 to3-14
.....to select,3-6
clicking in windows, results of,4-18
close button,4-8	4-23 to 4-24
.....broken,4-8
Close command,6-22
Close panel,5-15,5-17
Close Window command,3-26	6-37
color wells,1-11	7-17 to 7-19
.....choosing colors for,7-18
Colors command,3-27
Colors panel,5-15
colors, choosing for a color well,7-18
Command key
......as modifier key,3-22
......special combinations with,3-24 to3-31
......using with mouse,3-19
commands,6-8 to6-9
......See also menus
......See also specific command
......for checking spelling,6-26
......choosing from menus,6-3
......choosing names for,6-11 to6-14
......disabling invalid	6-14
......naming for bringing up panels,6-12to6-13
......naming for bringing up standardwindows,6-13
......naming for bringing upsubmenus,6-13
......naming for performing actions,6-11
......naming in Services menu,6-39
......program note on implementing,6-16
......sample names for,6-14
......standard,6-15 to6-40
......using graphical devices in,6-15
......using keyboard alternatives tochoose	6-9
Control key
......as modifier key,3-22
......use with arrow keys,3-31
......using with mouse,3-20
controls,1-8 to1-13,7-1 to7-30
......choosing the appropriate,7-26 to7-30
......designing your own,7-3
......displaying a group with a one-of-many relationships,7-29 to7-30
......displaying a group with anunrestrictedrelationship,7-28 to7-29
......displaying a single option with,7-28
......principles of designing,7-3
......that show state,7-27 to7-30
......that start actions	7-26

.....types of,7-2
.....uses of,7-1
Copy command,3-25,6-24
Copy Font command,6-33
Copy Ruler command	3-27, 6-36
cursor
.....bringing main menu to,6-4
.....changing,3-12
.....hiding,3-10,3-12
.....managing,3-10,3-11 to3-12
Cut command	6-24

D

Delete command,6-25
Delete key, use of,3-23
direct manipulation	2-5
Document menu,6-17,6-21 to6-23
documents, uneditable,6-23
double-clicking,3-3
.....when to act on,3-14 to3-16
dragging,3-4
.....avoiding activation when,4-25
.....how to use,3-17 to3-19
.....moving objects by,3-17
.....over groups of objects,3-18 to3-19
.....range that should be selected by,3-11
.....to define a range,3-17
.....to select,3-7

E

Edit menu,6-17,6-24 to6-25
.....programming notes on,6-25
end point,3-17
Enter key, use of,3-23
Enter Selection command,6-30
Esc key, use of,3-23
extensions, file name	8-6

F

file name extensions,8-6
file packages
......using,8-7
file system
......interface to	8-1 to 8-8
......organization of,8-2 to8-7
files
......creating unrequested,8-8
......displaying names of,8-7 to8-8
Find menu,6-25,6-29
Find Next command,3-26,6-30
Find panel,5-15,5-17
Find Panel command,3-26,6-30
Find Previous command,3-26,6-30
folders
......creating unrequested,8-8
......home	8-2
......local,8-3 to8-4
......Net,8-4
......NeXT,8-3
......personal,8-3 to8-4
......root	8-4
Font menu,6-31,6-32
......programming note on,6-32
Font panel,5-15
Font Panel command,6-33
Format menu	6-17, 6-31

H

Heavier command,6-33
Help command,6-20
Help key
......alternative when keyboard hasno,3-20
......as modifier key,3-22
......using with mouse,3-20
Help panel,5-15,5-18
Hide command,3-25,6-18
home folders,8-2

I

Info menu,6-17,6-19
Info panel,5-15,5-21

Info Panel command,6-20
Italic command	3-27, 6-33

J

Jump to Selection command,6-30
Justify command,6-35

K

key window,1-3,4-10,4-13 to4-14	4-17
keyboard
.....description of,3-21
.....use of,3-20 to3-23
.....user actions with,3-1 to3-33
keyboard alternatives,1-6,3-24
.....choosing,3-24 to3-31
.....choosing characters for,3-29
.....creating application-specific,3-28 to3-31
.....determining actions performedby,3-30 to3-31
.....recommended,3-27
.....required,3-26
.....reserved	3-25 to 3-26
.....using the Alternate key in,3-29
keys, implementing special,3-23 to3-31

L

Larger command,6-33
Lighter command,6-33
link buttons, implementing	7-12
Link Inspector command,6-28
Link Inspector panel	5-16, 5-21
Link menu,6-25,6-27
links, programming note onimplementing,6-27

M

main menu,6-4,6-16 to6-19
.....adding to,6-18 to6-19
.....bringing to cursor,6-4
.....standard commands in,6-16 to6-18
......tier of,4-4
main window,4-10,4-14 to4-17
menus,1-6,6-1 to6-40
......See also commands
......See also specific menu
......bringing main to cursor,6-4
......closing,4-9
......commands in,6-8 to6-9
......designing the hierarchy of,6-10
......how they work,6-1 to6-9
......implementing,6-10 to6-15
......programming note on the ApplicationKit and,6-1
......role of,1-6
......standard,6-15 to6-40
......tier of,4-4
......uses of,6-1
miniaturize button,1-7,4-8,4-22 to4-23
Miniaturize Window command,6-37
miniwindows,1-7
modal tool,2-6 to2-7
modes
......avoiding use of	2-3
......when to use,2-3,2-7
modifier keys	3-21 to 3-22
......use with arrow keys,3-31
......using with mouse,3-19	3-20
mouse
......implementing actions with,3-13 to3-20,3-31 to3-33
......paradigms for using in userinterface,2-5 to2-7
......responsiveness of,3-4
......setting the scaling of,3-4
......use of,3-2 to3-10
......use of buttons,3-4
......use of in user interface,2-4
......user actions with	3-1 to 3-33
......using for selection,3-5 to3-10
......using modifier keys with,3-19 to3-20
multiple-clicking,3-3
......to select,3-6
......when to use,3-16

N

Net folder,8-4
New command,6-22
.....performing an implicit	6-23
NeXT folders,8-3

O

Open command,6-22
Open panel,5-16,5-22
ordinary panels,1-5,5-2
.....See also panels
.....conventions for,5-4 to5-5
.....exception to behavior,5-6 to5-7
.....implementing	5-4 to 5-9

P

Page Layout command,3-27,6-31
Page Layout panel,5-16
panels,1-4 to1-6,5-1 to5-24
.....See also attention panels and ordinarypanels
.....closing,4-9
.....customizing Application Kit,5-14
.....floating,5-7
.....floating, tier of,4-5
.....how they work,5-2 to5-4
.....implementing,5-4 to5-12
.....inspector,5-9
.....multiform,5-8
.....naming commands that bringup,6-12 to6-13
.....persisting,5-6
.....programming note on avoiding key-window status for,5-6
.....programming note on creating,5-2
.....relinquishing key-window status,5-6
.....role of,1-4
.....standard,5-13 to5-24
.....uses of,5-1
.....with variable contents,5-8 to5-9
Paste and Link command,6-28
Paste As menu,6-24,6-26
Paste command,3-26	6-24
Paste Font command,3-27,6-33
Paste Link Button command,6-28
Paste Ruler command,3-27,6-36
paths, search,8-5
pop-up lists,7-5 to7-6
......implementing,7-11
......tier of,4-4
Preferences command,6-20
Preferences panel,5-16,5-22 to5-23
pressing,3-4
......when to use,3-19
Print command,6-17
Print panel,5-16
Publish Selection command	6-28
pull-down lists,7-6
......buttons that control,1-9
......implementing,7-11
......tier of,4-4

Q

Quit command,6-18
Quit panel,5-16,5-23 to5-24

R

radio buttons
......graphical,7-3
......standard,7-3
resize bar	4-22
Return key
......use of,3-23
......using instead of a button	7-15
Revert to Saved command,6-22

S

Save All command,6-22
Save As command,3-27,6-22
Save command,3-26,6-22
Save panel,5-16,5-24
Save To command,6-22

scroll bar,7-21 to7-22
scroll buttons,7-22
scroll knob,7-20 to7-22
scrollers,1-12,7-19 to7-25
.....fine-tuning mode in,7-22
.....how they work,7-20 to7-24
.....implementing,7-24 to7-25
.....parts of,7-20
.....the user's view,7-24
.....uses of,7-19
scrolling
.....automatically	7-23
.....programming note on,7-23
search paths,8-5
Select All command,6-25
selection,3-5 to3-10
.....by clicking,3-6
.....by dragging,3-7
.....by multiple-clicking,3-6
.....continuous extension of,3-7 to3-8
.....discontinuous extension of,3-8 to3-9
.....extending the,3-7 to3-9
.....implementing,3-23 to3-33
.....of a range by dragging,3-11,3-17
.....when discontinuous notimplemented,3-11
selection lists,1-13,7-25
Services menu,6-18	6-38 to 6-39
.....naming commands in,6-39
.....programming note on,6-38
services, providing,6-39 to6-40
Shift key
.....as modifier key,3-22
.....use with arrow keys,3-32
.....using to extend selection,3-8
.....using with mouse,3-20
Show Links command,6-28
Show Menus command,6-20
Show Ruler command,6-36
sliders,1-11,7-16 to7-17
.....current value of,7-16
.....parts of,7-16
......programming note on implementingAlternate-dragging for,7-17
Smaller command,6-33
special character keys,3-23 to3-24
Spelling command,6-25
Spelling panel,5-16,6-26
stop buttons, implementing,7-13
submenus	6-5 to 6-8
......keeping attached,6-6
......naming commands that bringup,6-13
......removing from screen,6-8
......tearing off	6-7
Subscript command,6-33
Superscript command,6-33

T

Tab key, use of,3-24
targeted action,2-5 to2-6
text fields,1-10,7-13 to7-16
......moving between,7-14
......uses of,7-13
Text menu,6-31,6-35
title bar,4-7
Tools menu	6-40
triple-clicking	3-3

U

Unbold command,3-26,6-33
Underline command,6-33
Undo command,3-26,6-25
Unitalic command,3-27	6-33
Unscript command,6-33
Ununderline command,6-33
user interface
......basic principles of,2-2 to2-4
......consistency of,2-4
......design philosophy,2-1 to2-8
......direct manipulation paradigm,2-5
......extensions to,2-8
......goals of,1-1,2-1

.....modal-tool paradigm,2-6 to2-7
.....naturalness of,2-2
.....paradigms for using mouse in,2-5 to2-7
.....reasons for graphical,2-1
.....targeted-action paradigm,2-5 to2-6
.....testing	2-8
.....use of mouse in,2-4
.....user control of,2-2
.....visual guide to,1-1 to1-13
users
.....control of user interface,2-2
.....when applications should act onbehalf of,2-3

W

window status
.....and applications,4-10 to4-18
.....implementing,4-24 to4-26
windows,1-3 to1-8
.....behavior of,4-6 to4-10
.....choosing the key	4-24
.....choosing titles for,4-21
.....clicking in	3-14
.....closing,4-9,4-23 to4-24
.....closing standard,4-9
.....designing,4-19
.....hiding,4-9
.....how they work,4-2 to4-18
.....implementing,4-19 to4-26
.....implementing standard,4-21 to4-24
.....as interface to applications,4-19 to4-26
.....key,4-13 to4-14
.....main,4-14 to4-17
.....miniaturizing,4-8 to4-9,4-22 to4-23
.....moving,4-6
.....naming commands that bring upstandard,6-13
.....note on meaning of,4-1
.....order of,4-4 to4-5
.....parts of,4-3
.....placing,4-19 to4-20
......programming note on Application Kitand,4-2
......programming note on implementingtitles of	4-21
......programming note on saving positionof,4-20
......reordering,4-6
......resizing,4-7	4-22
......results of clicking in,4-18
......retrieving hidden,4-9
......standard,1-3
......tiers of,4-4 to4-5
......title bar of,4-7
Windows menu,6-17,6-36 to6-37
......programming note on,6-36
workspace	1-2
Workspace Manager
......as interface to file system,8-1