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Glossary
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active application
- The application that you are currently working in. It is the only application with any menus showing. The key window belongs to it.
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application
- A program with a graphical user interface that you can start from the workspace, such as Edit, Mail, or Preferences.
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application dock (or dock)
- A column along the right edge of the screen that contains application icons you can use to start applications. The dock also contains the recycler.
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arrow keys
- Four keys, labeled with arrows, that cause movement (usually of the insertion point) in the indicated direction.
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ASCII characters
- A standard set of the characters that can be used in plain text files.
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attention panel
- A panel where you must perform an action before you can continue to work in an application. An attention panel cannot be covered by any other window or icon.
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Back Space key
- A key used to remove individual characters, words, graphics, or other items.
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browser
- A multiple-column area of a window in which you can browse through hierarchically organized information by clicking on names in the columns.
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button
- A graphic object that you click on to make something happen or press for a continuous action. Buttons are labeled with text, graphics, or both.
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byte
- A unit of information in the computer. In a plain text file, for example, each character occupies one byte.
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CD-ROM
- Compact disk read-only memory, which is a removable disk that is physically identical to an audio CD but holds computer files.
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click
- To position the pointer on something and, without moving the mouse, quickly press and release a mouse button. See also double-click.
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close
- To remove a window from the workspace when you are finished using it. When you close a window, you usually have a chance to save changes first.
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close button
- A button in a window's title bar that, when clicked on, closes the window. When the close button is partially drawn, it means that the window contains unsaved changes or that its contents aren't up to date.
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CMYK color model
- A method of specifying colors by simulating a mix of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks.
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command
- A word or phrase in a menu that describes something you can do or a panel that you can open in an application.
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current folder
- The folder in which you are currently working. If you are working in a file, the current folder is the one that contains that file. In the File Viewer, the current folder is usually the rightmost folder in the icon path.
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current font
- The font of either the text you are about to type at the insertion point or the first character in the selected text.
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current message
- The message that is currently open in a mailbox window in the Mail application.
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cursor
- See pointer.
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depth
- A measure of how much color information there is for each pixel in an image.
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detach
- To drag a submenu away from its associated menu.
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dimmed
- Gray, faded, or otherwise made to recede into the background. You cannot choose a command or operate a button when it is dimmed.
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disk
- A magnetic medium on which the computer stores information. See also floppy disk and hard disk drive.
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dock
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See application dock.
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dot file
- A file or folder whose name begins with a period and which typically contains information that you do not need to access. Dot files are normally hidden from view in the File Viewer and folder windows.
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double-click
- To click on an object twice in quick succession. A double-click often extends the action of a click. See also click.
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drag
- To press and hold down a mouse button, move the pointer by sliding the mouse, and then release the mouse button.
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EPS
- Encapsulated PostScript, which is a standard format for storing graphics.
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Ethernet
- An industry-standard physical medium for transmitting network signals between computers.
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extension
- The last period in a file name and all characters that follow. A file's extension indicates the type of information in it and the applications that can open it.
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file
- A collection of related information stored on a disk, such as a document, graphic image, or application.
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file package
- A special folder containing files that are not normally shown in folder windows. Instead, a file package looks and behaves like a file (when you open it by double-clicking on it, for example).
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file system
- The collection of all the files you can access through your computer. See also hierarchical file system.
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File Viewer
- A Workspace Manager window that you can use to view and open the files in your file system.
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floppy disk
- A plastic disk, encased in a protective cartridge, that holds information you can access with a floppy disk drive.
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floppy disk drive
- A mechanism that can store and retrieve information on a floppy disk.
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folder
- A place in the file system that contains files and other folders. Opening a folder displays the names of the files and folders it contains.
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folder window
- A Workspace Manager window that displays the contents of one or more folders and that you use to locate, open, and organize files.
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font
- A set of properties that describe the appearance of text: font family (such as Times), typeface (such as bold or italic), and size (in points). See also point.
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font family
- A collection of characters with a consistent design, such as Helvetica and Times.
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group
- A class of users for whom permissions are assigned for a file or folder. A group is set up by a system administrator.
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group address
- A shorthand address used in the Mail application to identify a single user or a group of users.
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hanging indent
- First-line indentation to the left of the subsequent lines of a paragraph. A hanging indent is useful for bulleted or numbered items.
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hard disk drive
- A device that can store and retrieve information from metal disks permanently encased within it. A hard disk drive is usually installed inside your computer.
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hide
- To temporarily remove the windows of a running application from view.
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hierarchical file system
- A file system in which folders can contain other folders. See also folder.
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highlight
- To make something--such as a command, text, icon, or title bar--stand out visually. Highlighting usually indicates that something has been chosen to perform an action or selected to receive an action.
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home folder
- Your home base in the file system. Your home folder holds your personal files. Its name is the same as your user name.
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host name
- The name by which a computer on a network is known to the other computers on the network. The host name is assigned by the system administrator. It is displayed as the name of your root folder.
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HSB color model
- A method of specifying colors by adjusting hue, saturation, and brightness. See also hue and saturation.
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hue
- The quality of a color that distinguishes its class, such as red, green, or blue.
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icon
- A small pictorial representation of an application, file, folder, disk, or other item.
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icon path
- An area in the File Viewer that displays the selected file or folder and the folders along its branch of the file system hierarchy.
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initialize
- To prepare a disk so it can hold information. When you initialize a disk, any information already on it is destroyed.
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insertion point
- The place where text and graphics may be entered, usually represented by a blinking vertical bar.
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ISDN
- Integrated services digital network, which is an alternative physical medium for transmitting network signals over phone lines.
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justify
- To adjust all the lines of a paragraph (except the last line) so that they are aligned with both the left and the right margins.
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key window
- The standard window or panel that currently receives keystrokes. Its title bar is highlighted in black. You make a window the key window by clicking in it.
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keyboard alternative
- A combination of keys, including the Command key, that you can use instead of the mouse for choosing a command.
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kilobyte
- A unit of measurement equal to 1024 bytes. See also byte.
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link
- A special file that looks and acts like an ordinary file or folder. When you open it, however, you actually access the contents of a file or folder that is somewhere else in the file system.
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log in
- To gain access to a computer by providing a user name and a password.
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log out
- To quit all running applications and (if you had to log in to use the computer) return to the login window.
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Mail address book
- A list of Mail addresses that you can compile in the Private Users list in the Mail application's Addresses panel.
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mailbox
- A file package (in the Mailboxes folder in your home folder) in which the Mail application stores messages. Everyone has an Active mailbox where all incoming messages are delivered.
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main menu
- The menu that is displayed in your workspace when an application is active. Its title bar displays the application's name (or an abbreviation).
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main window
- The standard window that you are currently working in. If it is not also the key window, it has a dark gray title bar. Actions you perform in a panel usually apply to the main window.
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menu
- A list of commands.
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miniaturize button
- A button in a window's title bar that, when clicked on, shrinks the window into a miniwindow.
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miniwindow
- An icon that represents a miniaturized window.
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mouse buttons
- The two buttons on the mouse that you use for clicking and dragging.
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network
- Two or more computers connected electronically so that people using them can share files and devices (such as printers), and exchange electronic mail. See also server.
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nonbreaking space
- A space you can type between words so that they will always be on the same line. You type a nonbreaking space by holding down the Alt key and pressing the space bar.
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open
- To display a window in your workspace. Opening a file or folder displays a window with the contents of the file or folder.
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owner
- The person (represented by a user name) who created a file or folder. The owner may also be a class of users for whom permissions are assigned for a file or folder.
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panel
- A window that typically appears in response to a command and that you use to control what the application does or to get information about the application.
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password
- A secret sequence of characters that you must type along with your user name when logging in. It can consist of three or more letters, numbers, symbols, and spaces.
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pasteboard
- The place where the computer stores what you last cut or copied with the Cut or Copy command.
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pathname
- A name--or a sequence of names separated by slashes (/)--that specifies a file or folder in the file system.
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permissions
- Characteristics of a file or folder that determine what certain users can do with the file or folder--for example, whether they can view a file's contents or remove a file from a folder.
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pixel
- The smallest unit of light on a computer's screen.
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plain text
- A data format consisting solely of characters from the ASCII character set. These include text characters (with no font properties) and control characters.
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point
- A unit of measurement equal to 1/72 of an inch.
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pointer
- The image on the screen that moves as you move the mouse. It is usually an arrow.
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pop-up list
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- A list of options that you can choose from. You open the list by pressing a button with a
on it.
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press
- To position the pointer on something and, without moving the mouse, hold down a mouse button and keep it down until the desired effect is achieved.
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program
- A set of coded instructions that a computer follows to perform a specific task.
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public window server
- A workstation running Solaris(TM) OpenStep(TM) that can display the windows of an application that is running on another computer on a network.
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pull-down list
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- A list of commands that you can choose from to cause an action. You open the list by pressing a button with a
on it.
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read-only
- A file that has read permission, but not write or execute permission, for one or more classes of users. Those users can see the file's contents, but they cannot save changes to it.
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read permission
- A characteristic of a file or folder that allows certain users to view its contents. See also permissions.
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recycler
- An icon that you use to delete files and folders from the file system. It is either in the dock or at the lower left corner of the screen.
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resize bar
- The narrow strip at the bottom of a window that you can drag to change the size of the window.
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resolution
- The number of dots per inch of images on a computer screen or in printed output. The higher the resolution, the clearer the image.
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Return key
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- A key used to start a new line or paragraph. You can also press Return to operate a button with a
on it.
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RGB color model
- A method of specifying colors by blending red, green, and blue lights.
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root folder
- The folder at the top of the file system hierarchy. This folder is represented by a slash (/). It is physically located on the startup disk.
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RTF
- Rich Text Format, a standard text format that includes font and formatting properties. See also plain text.
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ruler
- The numerical scale you can use to change the format of a paragraph (for example, its indentation and tab stops).
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saturation
- The intensity of a color--how much of a particular hue is in the color. See also hue.
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save
- To store information on a computer's disk.
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scroll
- To move the information in a window or section of a window when there is more than can be displayed at one time, so that a different part of the information is visible.
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scroll button
- A button, usually in a scroller, that you click on or press to scroll by small increments. You can Alt-click on a scroll button to scroll by a windowful.
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scroll knob
- A box in a scroller that moves as you scroll and that you can drag to scroll. Its length varies to indicate how much of the scrollable contents are currently displayed, and its position indicates what part of the contents are displayed.
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scroller
- A dark gray vertical or horizontal bar that contains a scroll knob and scroll buttons. Scrollers are displayed along the left side or bottom of an area that you can scroll through.
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server
- A computer on a network that contains files and folders that many people on the network can use.
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shelf
- An area at the top of the File Viewer where you can keep files and folders that you access frequently.
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Shift key
- The key used to produce the uppercase letters on letter keys and the upper character on keys labeled with two characters.
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slider
- A control that lets you set a value in a range by dragging a knob within a bar.
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standard window
- A window where you do the primary work of an application.
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startup disk
- The disk that contains the system files that your computer needs in order to operate. It is usually a hard disk inside your computer.
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submenu
- A menu that is opened by a command in another menu.
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system administrator
- The person who sets up and maintains a computer network or of a computer used by more than one person.
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system files
- Files that the computer needs in order to operate and that must be loaded into the computer after it is turned on.
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Tab key
- A key used to move to the next stopping point in a sequence, such as a tab stop in a document or a text field in a panel.
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text field
- A box where you can type text. A text field is usually labeled with text that identifies what information should go in it.
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TIFF
- Tag image file format, a standard format for storing graphics.
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title bar
- The bar at the top of a window that contains its title and possibly buttons for manipulating the window. It is highlighted in black if it is the key window or in dark gray if it is the main window but not the key window.
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typeface
- A variation of a font family, such as Bold, Italic, or Bold Italic.
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user name
- The name by which the computer identifies you. This is the name you log in with, the name used to identify you as the owner of files and folders, and the name of your home folder.
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volume keys
- The two keys that control the volume of your computer speaker. The upper key increases the volume, the lower key decreases it.
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window
- A rectangular area in which information is presented on the screen. See standard window and panel.
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word
- Any sequence of characters between spaces or punctuation marks. You can select a word by double-clicking on it.
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word wrap
- The automatic breaking of lines between words. With word wrap, you can type without having to press Return to end each line.
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workspace
- The screen environment in which you do your work in OpenStep applications.
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write permission
- A characteristic of a file or folder that allows certain users to change its contents. See also permissions.
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