............................Contents


Finding System and Network Administration Information	xxxv
About This Book	xxxix
*Part 10 --Managing Printing Services*
47. Overview of Print Management	865
...Planning Printers on Your Network	866
......Distributing Printers on the Network	866
......Assigning Print Servers and Print Clients	867
...Allocating System Resources for a Print Server	868
......Spooling Space	868
......Memory	869
......Swap Space	869
......Hard Disk	869
...Choosing a Method to Install Printers	869


...Setting Definitions for Printers	870
......Printer Name	871
......Printer Description	871
......Printer Port	872
......Printer Type	873
......File Content Type	875
......Fault Notification	878
......Default Printer Destination	878
......Printing Banner Pages	879
......Limiting User Access to a Printer	880
......Printer Class	880
......Fault Recovery	882
...Administering Printers	882
......Deleting Printers and Printer Access	883
......Checking Printer Status	883
......Restarting the Print Scheduler	883
...Managing Print Requests	884
......Canceling a Print Request	884
......Moving a Print Request	885
......Changing the Priority of Print Requests	885
......Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests	886
......Processing or Stopping Printing	887
...Administering Character Sets, Filters, Forms, and Fonts	888
...The LP Print Service	888


......The Structure of the LP Print Service	889
......LP Print Service Commands	898
......Functions of the LP Print Service	899
......How LP Administers Files and Schedules Local
........Print Requests	899
......Scheduling Network Print Requests	901
......Filtering Print Files	901
......What the Printer Interface Program Does	901
......How the `lpsched` Daemon Tracks the
........Status of Print Requests	902
......Tracking Forms	902
......Tracking Print Wheels	903
......Receiving Printing Problem Alerts	903
......Cleaning Out Log Files	903
......Customizing the LP Print Service	912
48. Setting Up Printers	913
...Setting Up Printing	914
......· How to Start Admintool	915
...Setting Up a Print Server	917
......· How to Add a Local Printer	917
...Setting Up a Print Client	919
......· How to Add Access to a Remote Printer	919
...Adding a Network Printer	920
......· How to Add a Network Printer	921
...Setting Up a Printer With the LP Print Service Commands	923


......Example--Initializing a Print Server	925
......Example--Adding a Local Printer	927
......Example--Adding Access to a Remote Printer	928
49. Administering Printers	929
...Managing Printers and the Print Scheduler	930
......· How to Delete a Printer and Remote Printer Access	930
......· How to Check the Status of Printers	933
......· How to Stop the Print Scheduler	936
......· How to Restart the Print Scheduler	936
...Setting Print Definitions	937
......· How to Add a Printer Description	939
......· How to Set a System's Default Printer	940
......· How to Make Banner Pages Optional	941
......· How to Turn Off Banner Pages	942
......· How to Define a Class of Printers	943
......· How to Set Printer Fault Recovery	944
......· How to Set Fault Alerts for a Printer	945
......· How to Limit User Access to a Printer	947
...Managing Print Requests	949
......· How to Check the Status of Print Requests	949
......· How to Accept or Reject Print Requests for a Printer	951
......· How to Enable or Disable a Printer	953
......· How to Cancel a Print Request	954
......· How to Cancel a Print Request From a Specific User	956


......· How to Move Print Requests to Another Printer	957
......· How to Change the Priority of a Print Request	959
50. Managing Character Sets, Filters,
...Forms, and Fonts	961
...Managing Character Sets	962
......Selectable Character Sets	962
......Hardware-Mounted Character Sets	963
......Alerts for Mounting Print Wheels or Cartridges	964
......· How to Define a Print Wheel or Font Cartridge	965
......· How to Unmount and Mount a Print Wheel
........ or Font Cartridge	966
......· How to Set an Alert to Mount a Print Wheel
........ or Font Cartridge	968
......· How to Set Up an Alias for a Selectable Character Set .	970
...Managing Print Filters	973
......Creating Print Filters	973
......Adding, Changing, Removing, and Restoring Print Filters	973
......· How to Add a Print Filter	975
......· How to Delete a Print Filter	976
......· How to View Information About a Print Filter	977
...Managing Forms	978
......Adding, Changing, or Deleting Forms	978
......Mounting Forms	979
......Defining Alerts for Mounting Forms	979
......Checking Forms	980


......Limiting Access to Forms	980
......· How to Add a Form	981
......· How to Delete a Form	982
......· How to Unmount and Mount a Form	983
......· How to Set an Alert to Mount a Form	986
......· How to View Information About a Form	988
......· How to View the Current Status of a Form	989
......· How to Limit User Access to a Form	990
......· How to Limit Printer Access to a Form	991
...Managing Fonts	992
......Managing Printer-Resident Fonts	993
......Downloading Host-Resident Fonts	994
......Installing and Maintaining Host-Resident Fonts	995
......· How to Install Downloaded PostScript Fonts	996
......· How to Install Host-Resident PostScript Fonts	996
51. Customizing the LP Print Service	999
...Adjusting Printer Port Characteristics	1000
......· How to Adjust the Printer Port Characteristics	1001
...Adding a `terminfo` Entry for an Unsupported Printer	1002
......· How to Add a `terminfo` Entry for an
........Unsupported Printer	1005
...Customizing the Printer Interface Program	1006
......The Standard Printer Interface Program	1007
......Customizing `stty` Modes	1007


......Exit Codes	1008
......Fault Messages	1009
......Using a Customized Printer Interface Program	1009
......· How to Set Up a Custom Printer Interface Program	1010
...Creating a New Print Filter	1011
......Writing a Print Filter Program	1011
......Creating a Print Filter Definition	1015
......· How to Create a New Print Filter	1022
...Creating a New Printer Form	1025
......· How to Create a New Form Definition	1027
52. Troubleshooting Printing Problems	1029
...Tips on Troubleshooting	1030
......Troubleshooting No Output (Nothing Prints)	1030
......Troubleshooting Incorrect Output	1033
......Troubleshooting Hung LP Print Service Commands	1035
......Troubleshooting Idle (Hung) Printers	1035
......Troubleshooting Conflicting Status Messages	1036
...Troubleshooting Printing Problems	1037
......· How to Troubleshoot No Output	1037
......· How to Troubleshoot Incorrect Output	1060
......· How to Unhang the LP Commands	1065
......· How to Troubleshoot an Idle (Hung) Printer	1066
......· How to Resolve Conflicting Status Messages	1068


*Part 11 --Working With Remote Systems*
53. Working With Remote Systems	1071
...Logging In to a Remote System (`rlogin`)	1072
......Authentication for Remote Logins (`rlogin`)	1073
......Linking Remote Logins	1076
......Direct vs. Indirect Remote Logins	1076
......What Happens After You Log In Remotely	1078
......· How to Search for and Remove `.rhosts` Files	1080
......· How to Find Out If a Remote System Is Operating	1080
......· How to Find Who Is Logged In to a Remote System	1081
......· How to Log In to a Remote System (`rlogin`)	1082
......· How to Log Out From a Remote System (`exit`)	1083
...Logging In to a Remote System (`ftp`)	1084
......Authentication for Remote Logins (`ftp`)	1084
......Essential `ftp` Commands	1085
......· How to Open an `ftp` Connection to a Remote System	1086
......· How to Close an `ftp` Connection to a Remote System	1087
......· How to Copy Files From a Remote System (`ftp`)	1087
......· How to Copy Files to a Remote System (`ftp`)	1090
...Remote Copying With `rcp`	1093
......Security Considerations for Copy Operations	1093
......Specifying Source and Target	1094
......· How to Copy Files Between a Local
........ and a Remote System (`rcp`)	1096


*Part 12 --Managing Terminals and Modems*
54. Overview of Managing Terminals and Modems	1103
...Terminals, Modems, Ports, and Services	1103
......Terminals	1104
......Modems	1104
......Ports	1104
......Services	1105
......Port Monitors	1105
...Tools for Managing Terminals and Modems	1106
......Serial Port Manager	1107
......Service Access Facility	1108
55. Setting Up Terminals and Modems
...With Serial Port Manager	1109
...Setting Up Terminals and Modems	1110
......Setting Up Terminals	1112
......Setting Up Modems	1113
......· How to Start Serial Port Manager	1115
......· How to Set Up a Terminal	1117
......· How to Set Up a Modem	1119
......· How to Set Up a Modem for Use With UUCP	1121
......· How to Initialize a Port	1123
......· How to Disable a Port	1125
......· How to Remove a Port Service	1126
......· How To Troubleshoot Terminals and Modems	1127


56. Setting Up Terminals and Modems
...With the Service Access Facility	1129
...Using the Service Access Facility	1130
...Overall Administration: `sacadm` Command	1131
......Service Access Controller: SAC Program	1131
......SAC Initialization Process	1131
...Port Monitor Service Administrator: `pmadm` Command	1132
......A Port Monitor at Work: `ttymon`	1132
......Port Initialization Process	1134
......Bidirectional Service	1134
...Port Monitors: TTY Monitor and Network Listener	1135
......TTY Port Monitor: `ttymon`	1135
......Special `ttymon`-Specific Administrative
........Command: `ttyadm`	1135
......Network Listener Service: `listen`	1135
......Special `listen`-Specific Administrative
........Command: `nlsadmin`	1136
...Administering `ttymon` Port Monitors	1137
......· How to Add a `ttymon` Port Monitor	1137
......· How to View `ttymon` Port Monitor Status	1138
......· How to Stop a `ttymon` Port Monitor	1138
......· How to Start a `ttymon` Port Monitor	1138
......· How to Disable a `ttymon` Port Monitor	1139
......· How to Enable a `ttymon` Port Monitor	1139
......· How to Remove a `ttymon` Port Monitor	1140


...Administering `ttymon` Services	1141
......· How to Add a Service	1141
......· How to View the Status of a TTY Port Service	1142
......· How to Enable a Port Monitor Service	1143
......· How to Disable a Port Monitor Service	1144
...Administering `listen` Port Monitors	1144
......· How to Add a `listen` Port Monitor	1144
......· How to View `listen` Port Monitor Status	1145
......· How to Stop a `listen` Port Monitor	1145
......· How to Start a `listen` Port Monitor	1146
......· How to Enable a `listen` Port Monitor	1146
......· How to Disable a `listen` Port Monitor	1146
......· How to Remove a `listen` Port Monitor	1147
...Administering `listen` Port Monitor Services	1147
......· How to Add a `listen` Port Monitor Service	1147
......· How to List `listen` Port Monitor Services	1148
......· How to Enable a `listen` Port Monitor Service	1149
......· How to Disable a `listen` Port Monitor Service	1149
...Troubleshooting the Network Listener: `listen` Port Monitor	1150
...Reference Material for Service Access Facility Administration	1150
......Files Associated With SAF	1150
......Service States	1151
......Port Monitor States	1151
......Port States	1152


*Part 13 --Managing System Security*
57. Overview of Managing System Security	1155
...Granting Access to a Computer System	1156
......Maintaining Physical Site Security	1156
......Maintaining Login and Access Control	1156
......Restricting Access to Data in Files	1157
......Maintaining Network Control	1157
......Monitoring System Usage	1157
......Setting the Correct Path	1157
......`setuid` Programs	1158
......Tracking Root Login	1158
......Installing a Firewall	1158
......Reporting Security Problems	1159
...File Security	1160
......User Classes	1160
......File Permissions	1160
......Directory Permissions	1161
......File Types	1161
......Special File Permissions (`setuid`, `setgid` and Sticky Bit)	1162
......File Administration Commands	1163
......Default `umask`	1163
......File Encryption	1164
......Access Control Lists (ACLs)	1164
...System Security	1165


......Login Access Restrictions	1165
......Saving Failed Login Attempts	1166
......Special Logins	1166
......Passwords	1167
......Password Protection Using Dial-Up Passwords	1168
......Restricted Shell	1171
......Root Access Restrictions	1172
......Monitoring Who Is Using the `su` Command	1172
...Network Security	1173
......Firewall Systems	1174
......Authentication and Authorization	1175
......Sharing Files	1176
......Restricting Root Access	1176
......Alternative to Secure RPC	1176
...Automated Security Enhancement Tool (ASET)	1177
......ASET Security Levels	1178
......ASET Tasks	1179
......ASET Execution Log	1182
......ASET Reports	1183
......ASET Master Files	1186
......ASET Environment File (`asetenv`)	1187
......Configuring ASET	1187
......Restoring System Files Modified by ASET	1191
......Network Operation Using the NFS System	1191


......Environment Variables	1193
......ASET File Examples	1196
58. Securing Files	1199
...Displaying File Information	1200
......· How to Display File Information	1200
...Changing File Ownership	1202
......· How to Change the Owner of a File	1202
......· How to Change a Group Ownership of a File	1203
...Changing File Permissions	1204
......· How to Change Permissions in Absolute Mode	1206
......· How to Change Permissions in Symbolic Mode	1207
...Setting and Searching for Special Permissions	1208
......· How to Set Special Permissions in Absolute Mode	1209
......· How to Find Files With `setuid` Permissions Set	1210
...Using ACLs	1212
......ACL Entries for Files	1213
......ACL Entries for Directories	1213
......· How to Set ACL Entries on a File	1215
......· How to Check If a File Has an ACL	1217
......· How to Add or Modify ACL Entries on a File	1218
......· How to Delete ACL Entries From a File	1219
......· How to Display ACL Entries for a File	1220
59. Securing Systems	1223
......· How to Display a User's Login Status	1224


......· How to Display Users With No Passwords	1225
......· How to Save Failed Login Attempts	1226
......· How to Create a Dial-up Password	1227
......· How to Temporarily Disable Dial-up Logins	1229
......· How to Restrict Root Login to the Console	1229
......· How to Monitor Who Is Using the `su` Command	1229
......· How to Display Root Access Attempts to the Console.	1230
60. Running ASET	1231
......· How to Run ASET Interactively	1232
......· How to Run ASET Periodically	1234
......· How to Stop Running ASET Periodically	1235
......· How to Collect Reports on a Server	1235
61. ASET Troubleshooting	1237
*Part 14 --Managing System Resources*
62. Overview of
...System Resource Management	1243
...System Crashes	1244
......Crash Dump Files	1244
......Message Files	1244
......What to Do After a Crash	1245
...Quotas	1247
...Accounting Utilities	1248
......Types of Daily Accounting	1248
......How Daily Accounting Works	1251


......Daily Accounting Reports	1252
......Accounting Files	1263
......Fixing Corrupted Files and `wtmp` Errors	1265
...Executing Routine Tasks Automatically	1266
......Scheduling Repetitive Jobs: `crontab`	1266
......How the `cron` Daemon Handles Scheduling	1266
......Inside a `crontab` File	1267
......`crontab` Command Security	1268
......Scheduling a Single Job: `at`	1269
63. Examining and Changing System Information	1271
...Using the Workstation Information Window
...... to Display System Information	1272
......· How to Add "Workstation Info"
........to the Workspace Menu	1272
...Using Commands to Display System Information	1274
......· How to Display General System Information	1274
......· How to Display a System's Host ID Number	1275
......· How to Display a System's Installed Memory	1275
......· How to Display the Date and Time	1276
...Using Commands to Change System Information	1277
......· How to Synchronize Date and Time From
........Another System	1278
......· How to Set a System's Date and Time Manually	1279
......· How to Set Up a Message of the Day	1280
......· How to Set the Number of Processes per User	1281


......· How to Increase the Number of Pseudo-ttys to 256	1281
......· How to Increase the Number of Lock Requests	1282
......· How to Increase Shared Memory Segments	1282
64. Saving Crash Dumps	1283
...Enabling and Disabling Crash Dumps	1284
......· How to Create a Directory to Save Crash Dump Files .	1284
......· How to Reserve Space for Crash Dump Files	1285
......· How to Enable Crash Dump Files	1286
......· How to Disable Crash Dump Files	1287
...Viewing System Information Generated by a Crash	1288
......· How to View Crash and Boot Messages	1288
......· How to Examine a Crash Dump	1290
...Customizing System Logging	1291
......· How to Customize System Logging	1293
65. Managing Disk Use	1295
...Displaying Blocks and Files Used	1296
......· How to Display Information About Blocks,
........Files, and Disk Space	1296
...Checking the Size of Files	1299
......· How to Display the Size of Files	1299
......· How to Find Large Files	1301
......· How to Find Files That Exceed a Given Size Limit	1302
...Checking the Size of Directories	1303
......· How to Display the Size of Directories,
........Subdirectories, and Files	1303


......· How to Display the User Allocation
........ of Local UFS File System	1304
...Finding and Removing Old and Inactive Files	1306
......· How to List the Newest Files	1306
......· How to Find and Remove Old or Inactive Files	1308
......· How to Clear Out Temporary Directories	1309
......· How to Find and Delete `core` Files	1310
......· How to Delete Crash Dump Files	1311
66. Managing Quotas	1313
...Setting Up Quotas	1314
......Guidelines for Setting Up Quotas	1314
......· How to Configure File Systems for Quotas	1316
......· How to Set Up Quotas for a User	1317
......· How to Use Prototype Quotas
........to Set Up Multiple Users	1318
......· How to Check Quota Consistency	1319
......· How to Turn Quotas On	1320
...Checking Quotas	1321
......· How to Check for Exceeded Quotas	1321
......· How to Check Quotas on a File System	1322
...Changing and Removing Quotas	1323
......· How to Change the Soft Time Limit Default	1323
......· How to Change Quotas for a User	1325
......· How to Disable Quotas for a User	1327
......· How to Turn Quotas Off	1328


67. Setting Up and Maintaining Accounting	1331
...Setting Up Accounting	1332
......The `runacct` Program	1332
......· How to Set Up Accounting	1336
......· How to Bill Users	1338
...Maintaining Accounting	1339
......· How to Fix a `wtmp` File	1339
......· How to Fix `tacct` Errors	1340
......· How to Restart `runacct`	1341
68. Scheduling System Events	1343
...Commands for Scheduling System Events	1344
...Scheduling a Repetitive System Event	1344
......Syntax of `crontab` File Entries	1344
...Creating and Editing `crontab` Files	1346
......· How to Create or Edit a `crontab` File	1346
...Displaying `crontab` Files	1348
......· How to Display a `crontab` File	1348
...Removing `crontab` Files	1350
......· How to Remove a `crontab` File	1350
...Controlling Access to `crontab`	1352
......· How to Deny `crontab` Access	1353
......· How to Limit `crontab` Access to Specified Users	1354
...Scheduling a Single System Event	1356
......`at` Command Description	1356


......· How to Create an `at` Job	1357
......· How to Display the `at` Queue	1358
......· How to Display `at` Jobs	1359
......· How to Remove `at` Jobs	1360
...Controlling Access to `at`	1361
......· How to Deny `at` Access	1361
*Part 15 --Managing System Performance*
69. Overview of System Performance	1367
...System Performance and System Resources	1368
......Other Sources of Information	1368
...Processes and System Performance	1369
......Process Commands	1370
......Process Priority Levels	1372
......Process Troubleshooting	1374
...Disk I/O and System Performance	1375
...Memory and System Performance	1375
......Swap Space	1376
......Buffer Resources	1376
...Kernel Parameters and System Performance	1377
...About Monitoring Performance	1378
......The `sar` Command	1378
......The `vmstat` Command	1379
......The `iostat` Command	1381
......The `df` Command	1383


......The `profil` Command	1383
......Automatic Collection of System Activity Data	1384
......Collecting System Activity Data With `sar`	1385
......Monitoring Tools	1387
70. Managing Processes	1389
...Displaying Information About Processes (`ps`)	1390
......· How to List Processes	1391
...Displaying Information About Processes (`/proc` Tools)	1393
......· How to Display Information About Processes	1394
...Controlling Processes (`/proc` Tools)	1396
......· How to Control Processes	1397
...Killing a Process (`kill`)	1398
......· How to Kill a Process	1398
...Managing Process Class Information	1399
......· How to Display Basic Information
........About Process Classes	1399
......· How to Display the Global Priority of a Process	1400
......· How to Designate Priority	1401
......· How to Change Scheduling Parameters
........of a Timeshare Process	1402
......· How to Change the Class of a Process	1403
......· How to Change the Priority of a Process	1404
71. Monitoring Performance	1405
...Displaying Virtual Memory Statistics	1406
......· How to Display Virtual Memory Statistics	1406


......· How to Display System Event Information	1409
......· How to Display Swapping Statistics	1410
......· How to Display Cache Flushing Statistics	1410
......· How to Display Interrupts Per Device	1411
...Displaying Disk Utilization Information	1412
......· How to Display Disk Utilization Information	1412
......· How to Display Extended Disk Statistics	1414
...Displaying Disk Usage Statistics	1415
......· How to Display File System Information	1415
...Monitoring System Activities	1416
......· How to Check File Access	1416
......· How to Check Buffer Activity	1417
......· How to Check System Call Statistics	1419
......· How to Check Disk Activity	1421
......· How to Check Page-Out and Memory	1423
......· How to Check Kernel Memory Allocation	1424
......· How to Check Interprocess Communication	1426
......· How to Check Page-In Activity	1427
......· How to Check Queue Activity	1429
......· How to Check Unused Memory	1431
......· How to Check CPU Utilization	1432
......· How to Check System Table Status	1433
......· How to Check Swap Activity	1435
......· How to Check Terminal Activity	1436


......· How to Check Overall System Performance	1437
......· How to Set Up Automatic Data Collection	1438
72. Monitoring Network Performance	1439
...Monitoring Network Performance	1440
......· How to Check the Response of Hosts on the Network.	1440
......· How to Send Packets to Hosts on the Network	1441
......· How to Capture Packets From the Network	1442
......· How to Check the Network Status	1443
......· How to Display NFS Server and Client Statistics	1446
73. Tuning Kernel Parameters	1449
......· How to List the Kernel Parameters	1450
......· How to Change the Value of a Kernel Parameter	1451
......· How to Set the Value of a Kernel Module Variable	1451
......Buffer Cache Parameters	1452
......UFS File System Parameters	1452
......`STREAMS` Parameters	1452
......Interprocess Communication (IPC^(TM)) Parameters	1453
......· How to Tune the Interprocess
........Communication Parameters	1454
......Memory Management Parameters	1454
......· How to Tune Memory Management Parameters	1455
......Miscellaneous Parameters	1455
......· How to Tune Miscellaneous Parameters	1456


74. The Scheduler	1457
...About the Scheduler	1457
...Scheduler Class Policies	1459
......Timesharing Class Policies	1459
......System Class Policies	1460
......Real-Time Class Policies	1460
...Scheduler Configuration	1461
......Default Global Priorities	1462
......Tunable Parameters	1463
......Scheduler Parameter Tables	1466
......Kernel-Mode Parameter Table	1470