SPARC: About System and Secondary Disks

A system disk contains the root (/) or /usr file systems, or both. If the disk containing either of these file system becomes damaged, you have two ways to recover:

• You can reinstall the entire Solaris environment
• Or, you can replace the system disk and restore your file systems from a backup medium.

A secondary disk doesn't contain the root (/) and /usr file systems. It usually contains space for user files. You can add a secondary disk to a system for more disk space or you can replace a damaged secondary disk. If you replace a secondary disk on a system, you can restore the old disk's data on the new disk.

SPARC: Adding a System or Secondary Disk

Table 29-1 SPARC: Adding a System or Secondary Disk

Activity........Description

For Instructions, Go To

Connect the Disk

System Disk

· SPARC: How to

page 464

and Boot

Connect the new disk and boot from a local or remote

Connect a System

Solaris 2.x CD.

Disk and Boot

· SPARC: How to

page 465

Secondary Disk...................Connect a

Connect the new disk and perform a reconfiguration boot,

Secondary Disk and

so the system will recognize the disk.

Boot

Create Slices and

Create disk slices and label the disk if it has not already

· SPARC: How to..page 467

Label the Disk

been done by the disk manufacturer.

Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk

Create File

Create UFS file systems on the disk slices with the newfs

· SPARC: How to..page 474

Systems

command. You must create the root (/) or /usr file

Create File Systems

system (or both) for a system disk.

Restore File

Restore the root (/) or /usr file system (or both) on the

· SPARC: How to

page 475

Systems

system disk. If necessary, restore file systems on the

Restore File

secondary disk.

Systems

Install Boot Block

System Disk Only

· SPARC: How to

page 476

Install the boot block on the root (/) file system, so the

Install a Boot Block

system can boot.

on a System Disk

· SPARC: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot

This procedure assumes that the system is shut down.

1. Disconnect the damaged system disk from the system.

2. Make sure the disk you are adding has a different target number than the other devices on the system.

   You will often find a small switch located at the back of the disk for this purpose.

3. Connect the replacement system disk to the system and check the physical connections.

   Refer to the disk's hardware installation guide for installation details.

4. Follow the instructions in the table below depending on whether you are booting from a local or remote Solaris 2.x CD.

If You Are Booting From ...	Then ...
A Solaris 2.x CD from a local CD-ROM drive	1. Make sure the CD is in the CD-ROM drive. 2. Boot from the CD to single-user mode: ok boot cdrom -s
A Solaris 2.x CD from a CD-ROM drive over the network	Boot from the net to single-user mode: ok boot net -s

After a few minutes, the root prompt (#) is displayed.

Where to Go From Here

After you boot the system, you can create slices and a disk label on the disk. Go to "SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk" on page 467.

· SPARC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot

1. Become root.

2. If the disk type is unsupported by the Solaris software, add the device driver for the disk by following the instructions included with the hardware.

   If necessary, see "How to Create a format.dat Entry" on page 451 for information on creating a format.dat entry for the disk.

3. Create the /reconfigure file that will be read when the system is booted.

# touch /reconfigure

The /reconfigure file will cause the SunOS software to check for the presence of any newly installed peripheral devices when you power on or boot your system later.

4. Shut down the system.

# shutdown -i0 -g30 -y

In this command,

-i0	Brings the system down to init state 0 (zero), the power-down state.
-g30	Notifies logged-in users that they have n seconds before the system begins to shut down.
-y	Specifies the command should run without user intervention.

The ok or > prompt is displayed after the operating environment is shut down.

5. Turn off power to the system and all external peripheral devices.

6. Make sure the disk you are adding has a different target number than the other devices on the system.

   You will often find a small switch located at the back of the disk for this purpose.

7. Connect the disk to the system and check the physical connections.

   Refer to the disk's hardware installation guide for installation details.

8. Turn on the power to all external peripherals.

9. Turn on the power to the system.

   The system will boot and display the login prompt.

Where to Go From Here

After you boot the system, you can create slices and a disk label on the disk. Go to "SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk" on page 467.

· SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk

1. Become root.

2. Start the format utility.

# format

A list of available disks is displayed.

3. Enter the number of the disk that you want to repartition from the list displayed on your screen.

Specify disk (enter its number): disk-number

At this prompt,

disk-number...Is the number of the disk that you want to repartition.

4. Go into the partition menu (which lets you set up the slices).

format> partition

5. Display the current partition (slice) table.

partition> print

6. Start the modification process.

partition> modify

7. Set the disk to all free hog.

Choose base (enter number) [0]? 1

See "Using the Free Hog Slice" on page 428 for more information about the free hog slice.

8. Create a new partition table by answering yes when prompted to continue.

Do you wish to continue creating a new partition table based on above table[yes]? yes

9. Identify the free hog partition (slice) and the sizes of the slices when prompted.

   When adding a system disk, you must set up slices for:

• root (slice 0), swap (slice 1) and/or
• /usr (slice 6)

After you identify the slices, the new partition table is displayed.

10. Make the displayed partition table the current partition table by answering yes when asked.

Okay to make this the current partition table[yes]? yes

If you don't want the current partition table and you want to change it, answer no and go to Step 6.

11. Name the partition table.

Enter table name (remember quotes): "partition-name"

At this prompt,

partition-name..Is the name for the new partition table.

12. Label the disk with the new partition table when you have finished allocating slices on the new disk.

Ready to label disk, continue? yes

13. Quit the partition menu.

partition> quit

14. Quit the format menu.

format> quit

Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a System Disk

The following example uses the format utility to divide a 200-Mbyte disk into two slices: one for the root (/) file system and one for the swap area.

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t2d0 <SUN0207 cyl 1254 alt 2 hd 9 sec 36> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@2,0 1. c0t3d0 <SUN0424 cyl 1151 alt 2 hd 9 sec 80> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@3,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 0 selecting c0t2d0 [disk formatted] format> partition partition> print partition> modify Select partitioning base: 0. Current partition table (original) 1. All Free Hog Choose base (enter number) [0]? 1 Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 1 swap wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 2 backup wu 0 - 1253 198.39MB (1254/0/0) 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 6 usr wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0)

Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a System Disk (Continued)

Do you wish to continue creating a new partition table based on above table[yes]? yes Free Hog partition[6]? 5 Enter size of partition '0' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 100mb Enter size of partition '1' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 98mb Enter size of partition '3' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Enter size of partition '4' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Enter size of partition '6' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Enter size of partition '7' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 - 632 100.14MB (633/0/0) 1 swap wu 633 - 1233 95.08MB (601/0/0) 2 backup wu 0 - 1253 198.39MB (1254/0/0) 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 5 unassigned wm 1234 - 1253 3.16MB (20/0/0) 6 usr wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) Okay to make this the current partition table[yes]? yes Enter table name (remember quotes): "disk2" Ready to label disk, continue? yes partition> quit format> quit

Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a Secondary Disk

The following example uses the format utility to divide a 200-Mbyte disk into one slice for the /export/home1 file system.

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t2d0 <SUN0207 cyl 1254 alt 2 hd 9 sec 36> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@2,0 1. c0t3d0 <SUN0424 cyl 1151 alt 2 hd 9 sec 80> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@3,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 0 selecting c0t2d0 [disk formatted] format> partition partition> print partition> modify Select partitioning base: 0. Current partition table (original) 1. All Free Hog Choose base (enter number) [0]? 1 Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 1 swap wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 2 backup wu 0 - 1253 198.39MB (1254/0/0) 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 6 usr wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) Do you wish to continue creating a new partition table based on above table[yes]? yes Free Hog partition[6]? 5 Enter size of partition '0' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Enter size of partition '1' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Enter size of partition '3' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Enter size of partition '4' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 198mb Enter size of partition '6' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: Enter size of partition '7' [0b, 0c, 0.00mb]:

Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a Secondary Disk (Continued)

Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 1 swap wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 2 backup wu 0 - 1253 198.39MB (1254/0/0) 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 4 unassigned wm 0 - 1251 198.07MB (1252/0/0) 5 unassigned wm 1252 - 1253 0.32MB (2/0/0) 6 usr wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) Okay to make this the current partition table[yes]? yes Enter table name (remember quotes): "home1" Ready to label disk, continue? yes partition> quit format> quit #

Where to Go From Here

After you create disk slices and label the disk, you can create file systems on the disk. Go to "SPARC: How to Create File Systems" on page 474.

· SPARC: How to Create File Systems

1. Become root.

2. Create a file system for each slice with the newfs command.

# newfs /dev/rdsk/cntndnsn

In this command,

/dev/rdsk/cntndnsn Is the raw device for the file system to be created.

See Chapter 33, "Creating File Systems," for more information about the newfs command.

Where to Go From Here

If You Are Adding A ...	Then ...
System Disk	You need to restore the root (/) and /usr file systems on the disk. Go to Chapter 43, "Restoring Files and File Systems."
Secondary Disk	You may need to restore file systems on the new disk. Go to Chapter 43, "Restoring Files and File Systems." If you are not restoring file systems on the new disk, you are finished adding a secondary disk. See Chapter 34, "Mounting and Unmounting File Systems" for information on making the file systems available to users.

· SPARC: How to Restore File Systems

To restore the root (/) and /usr file systems on a system disk or to restore other file systems on a secondary disk, see Chapter 43, "Restoring Files and File Systems."

Where to Go From Here

If you are adding a system disk, you must install a boot block on the disk. Go to "SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk" on page 476.

· SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk

1. Become root.

2. Install a boot block on a system disk using the installboot command.

# /usr/sbin/installboot /usr/platform/'uname -i'/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk /dev/rdsk/cntndns0

In this command,

/usr/platform/                  Is the boot block code.
'uname -i'/lib/fs/ufs/
bootblk

/dev/rdsk/cntndns0              Is the raw device of the root (/) file system.

3. Reboot the system to multi-user mode.

# init 6

SPARC: Example--Installing a Boot Block on a System Disk

The following example installs the boot block on a SPARCstation 10.

# installboot /usr/platform/sun4m/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

SPARC: Verification--Installing a Boot Block on a System Disk

If the system boots to multi-user mode, the boot block has been installed correctly.