Administering Disks

Table 28-1 Task Map: Administering Disks

Identifying Disks on a System

Use the format utility to discover the types of disks that are connected to a system. You can also use the format utility to verify that a disk is known to the system.

See Chapter 31, "The format Utility" for information on using the format utility.

· How to Identify the Disks on a System

1. Become root.

2. Identify the disks that are recognized on the system with the format utility.

# format

The format utility displays a list of disks that is recognizes under AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS.

Verification--Identifying the Disks on a System

The disks recognized by the format utility are displayed under the AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS heading.

Examples--Identifying the Disks on a System

The following format output is from a system with two disks.

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t1d0 <SUN0535 cyl 1866 alt 2 hd 7 sec 80> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@1,0 1. c0t2d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@2,0 Specify disk (enter its number):

The format output associates a disk's physical and logical device name to the disk's marketing name which appears in brackets <>. This is an easy way to identify which logical device names represent the disks connected to your system. See Chapter 26, "Accessing Devices," for a description of logical and physical device names.

The following example uses a wildcard to display the disks connected to a second controller.

# format /dev/rdsk/c2* AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80> /io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@0,0 1. /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80> /io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@1,0 2. /dev/rdsk/c2t2d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80> /io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@2,0 3. /dev/rdsk/c2t3d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80> /io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@3,0 4. /dev/rdsk/c2t5d0s0 <SUN2.1G cyl 2733 alt 2 hd 19 sec 80> /io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@2,10000/sd@5,0 Specify disk (enter its number):

The following example identifies the disks on a SPARC system.

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t1d0 <SUN0535 cyl 1866 alt 2 hd 7 sec 80> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@1,0 Specify disk (enter its number):

The format output identifies that disk 0 (target 1) is connected to the first SCSI host adapter (esp@0...), which is connected to the first SBus device (sbus@1...). The output also associates both the physical and logical device name to the disk's marketing name, SUN0535.

The following example identifies the disks on an x86 system.

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 507 alt 2 hd 64 sec 32> /eisa/dpt@5c88,0/cmdk@0,0 1. c0t3d0 <DEFAULT cyl 1852 alt 2 hd 15 sec 74> /eisa/dpt@5c88,0/cmdk@3,0 Specify disk (enter its number):

The format output identifies that disk 0, target 0 (cmdk@0,0) is connected to the first DPT host adapter (dpt@5...), which is connected to the EISA device (eisa). The format output on an x86 system does not identify disks by their marketing names.

Where to Go From Here

Check the following table if the format utility did not recognize the disk.

If the Disk ...	Then ...
Is newly added and you didn't perform a reconfiguration boot	Go to Chapter 29, "SPARC: Adding a Disk," or Chapter 30, "x86: Adding a Disk."
Is a third-party disk	Go to "Creating a format.dat Entry" on page 450.
Label was corrupted by a system problem, such as a power failure	Go to "How to Label a Disk" on page 442.
Is not properly connected to the system	Connect the disk to the system using your disk hardware documentation.

Formatting a Disk

Disks are formatted by the manufacturer or reseller and usually do not need to be reformatted when you install the drive.

A disk must be formatted before ...

• You can write data to it. However, most disks are already formatted.
• You can use the Solaris installation program to install the system.

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Caution - Formatting is a destructive process--it overwrites data on the disk. For this reason, disks are usually formatted only by the manufacturer or reseller. If you think disk defects are causing recurring problems, you can use the format utility to do a surface analysis, but be careful to use only the commands that do not destroy data.

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· How to Determine If a Disk Is Formatted

1. Become root.

2. Enter the format utility.

# format

3. Enter the number of the disk that you want to check from the list displayed on your screen.

Specify disk (enter its number): 0

Verification--Determining If a Disk Is Formatted

If the disk you chose is formatted, you will see the following message:

[disk formatted]

Example--Determining If a Disk Is Formatted

The following example shows that disk c0t3d0 is formatted.

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t3d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@3,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 0 selecting c0t3d0 [disk formatted]

· How to Format a Disk

1. Become root.

2. Enter the format utility.

# format

3. Enter the number of the disk that you want to format from the list displayed on your screen.

Specify disk (enter its number): 0

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Warning - Do not select the system disk. Formatting your system disk deletes your operating system and any data that you may have on this disk.

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4. To begin formatting the disk, enter format at the format> prompt. Confirm the command by typing y.

format> format Ready to format. Formatting cannot be interrupted and takes 10 minutes (estimated). Continue? y

Verification--Formatting a Disk

To verify that the disk is formatted, go to "How to Determine If a Disk Is Formatted" on page 434.

Example--Formatting a Disk

The following example formats the disk c0t2d0.

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t1d0 <SUN0535 cyl 1866 alt 2 hd 7 sec 80> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@1,0 1. c0t2d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@2,0 Specify disk (enter its number):1 Selecting c0t2d0 [disk unformatted] format> format Ready to format. Formatting cannot be interrupted and takes 23 minutes (estimated). Continue? y Beginning format. The current time is Tue May 3 17:44:42 1994 Formatting ... done Verifying media ... pass 0 - pattern = 0xc6dec6de 2035/12/18 pass 1 - pattern = 0x6db6db6d 2035/12/18 total of 0 defective blocks repaired. format>

Displaying Disk Slices

You can use the format utility to check whether or not a disk has the appropriate disk slices. If you determine that a disk does not contain the slices you want to use, use the format utility to re-create them and label the disk. See "SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk" on page 467 or "x86: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk" on page 487 for information on creating disk slices.

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Note - The format utility uses the term partition in place of slice.

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· How to Display Disk Slice Information

1. Become root.

2. Enter the format utility.

# format

3. Identify the disk for which you want to display slice information by selecting a disk listed under AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS.

Specify disk (enter its number):1

4. Enter the partition menu by typing partition at the format> prompt.

format> partition

5. Display the slice information for the current disk drive by typing print at the partition> prompt.

partition> print

6. Exit the format utility by typing q at the partition> prompt and typing q at the format> prompt.

partition> q format> q #

Verification--Displaying Disk Slice Information

If slices have been assigned to the disk, the screen output shows specific slice tags and sizes. If the screen output shows that no slice sizes are assigned, the disk probably does not have slices.

Examples--Displaying Disk Slice Information

The following example displays slice information for disk /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0.

# format Searching for disks...done Specify disk (enter its number):1 Selecting c0t3d0 format> partition partition> print Current partition table (original): Total disk cylinders available: 1866 + 2 (reserved cylinders) Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 - 292 80.12MB (293/0/0) 164080 1 swap wu 293 - 410 32.27MB (118/0/0) 66080 2 backup wm 0 - 1865 510.23MB (1866/0/0) 1044960 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 5 home wm 411 - 1311 246.37MB (901/0/0) 504560 6 usr wm 1312 - 1718 111.29MB (407/0/0) 227920 7 unassigned wm 1719 - 1865 40.20MB (147/0/0) 82320 partition> q format> q #

See Chapter 27, "Overview of Disk Management," for a detailed description of the slice information displayed in these examples.

The following example displays the slice information on disk /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0.

# format Searching for disks...done Specify disk (enter its number): 0 selecting c0t0d0 [disk formatted] format> partition partition> print Current partition table (original): Total disk cylinders available: 1479 + 2 (reserved cylinders) Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 1 - 400 108.01MB (400/0/0) 221200 1 swap wu 401 - 556 42.12MB (156/0/0) 86268 2 backup wu 0 - 1479 399.63MB (1480/0/0) 818440 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 5 unassigned wm 557 - 734 48.06MB (178/0/0) 98434 6 usr wm 735 - 1401 180.10MB (667/0/0) 368851 7 home wm 1402 - 1476 20.25MB (75/0/0) 41475 8 boot wu 0 - 0 0.27MB (1/0/0) 553 9 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 partition> q format> q

Creating and Examining a Disk Label

Labeling a disk is usually done during system installation or when you are creating new disk slices. You may need to relabel a disk if the disk label is corrupted (for example, from a power failure).

The format utility will attempt to automatically configure any unlabeled SCSI disk. If format is able to automatically configure an unlabeled disk, it will display a message like the following:

c1t0d0: configured with capacity of 404.65MB

· How to Label a Disk

1. Become root.

2. Enter the format utility.

# format

3. Enter the number of the disk that you want to label from the list displayed on your screen.

Specify disk (enter its number):1

4. Use the table below to determine how to label the disk.

If the Disk Is Unlabeled and Was Successfully Configured ...	If the Disk Was Labeled and You Want to Change the Type, or Format Was Not Able to Automatically Configure the Disk ...
Format will ask you if you want to label the disk. Go to step 5 to label the disk.	You must specify the disk type. Go to steps 6-7 to set the disk type and label the disk.

5. Label the disk by typing yes at the Label it now? prompt.

Disk not labeled. Label it now? yes

The disk is now labeled. Go to step 9 to exit the format utility.

6. Enter type at the format> prompt.

format> type

Format displays the Available Drive Types menu.

7. Select a disk type from the list of possible disk types.

Specify disk type (enter its number)[8]: 8

8. Label the disk. If the disk is not labeled, the following message is displayed.

Disk not labeled. Label it now? yes

Otherwise you are prompted with this message:

Ready to label disk, continue? yes

9. Exit the format utility by typing q at the format> prompt.

partition> q format> q #

Verification--Labeling a Disk

Use the verify command from the format main menu to verify the disk label.

Example--Labeling a Disk

The following example automatically configures and labels a 424-Mbyte disk.

# format c1t0d0: configured with capacity of 404.65MB AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t3d0 <SUN0424 cyl 1151 alt 2 hd 9 sec 80> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@3,0 1. c1t0d0 <SUN0424 cyl 1151 alt 2 hd 9 sec 80> /sbus@1,f8000000/QLGC,isp@1,10000/sd@0,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 1 Disk not labeled. Label it now? yes format> q #

· How to Examine a Disk Label

Examine disk label information by using the prtvtoc(1M) command. See Chapter 27, "Overview of Disk Management," for a detailed description of the disk label and the information displayed by the prtvtoc command.

1. Become root.

2. Display the disk label information by using the prtvtoc command.

# prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/device-name

In this command,

device-name.....Is the raw disk device you want to examine.

Verification--Examining a Disk Label

The disk label can be verified using the verify command from the format main menu.

Example--Examining a Disk Label

The following example shows the disk label information for disk /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0.

# prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 * c0t0d0s0 partition map * * Dimensions: * 512 bytes/sector * 36 sectors/track * 9 tracks/cylinder * 324 sectors/cylinder * 1272 cylinders * 1254 accessible cylinders * * Flags: * 1: unmountable * 10: read-only * * First Sector Last * Partition Tag Flags Sector Count Sector Mount Directory 0 2 00 0 37260 37259 / 1 3 01 37260 77760 115019 2 5 00 0 406296 406295 6 4 00 115020 283824 398843 /usr 7 6 00 398844 7452 406295 /export/home #

Recovering a Corrupted Disk Label

Sometimes a power or system failure will cause a disk's label to become unrecognizable. This doesn't always mean that the slice information or the disk's data will have be to re-created or restored.

The first step to recovering a corrupted disk label is to label the disk with the correct geometry and disk type information. This can be done through the normal disk labeling method, either automatic configuration or manual disk type specification.

If format recognizes the disk type, the next step is to search for a backup label to label the disk. Labeling the disk with the backup label will label the disk with the correct partitioning information, the disk type, and disk geometry.

· How to Recover a Corrupted Disk Label

1. Boot the system to single-user mode. If necessary, boot the system from a local CD-ROM or the network in single-user mode to access the disk.

   See Chapter 8, "Booting a SPARC System" or Chapter 9, "Booting an x86 System" for information on booting the system.

2. Use the format utility to relabel the disk.

# format

At this point, format attempts to automatically configure any unlabeled SCSI disk. If format is able to configure the unlabeled and corrupted disk, it will display:

cntndn: configured with capacity of nnnMB

The format utility then displays the list of disks on the system.

3. Enter the number of the disk that you need to recover from the list displayed on your screen.

Specify disk (enter its number): 1

4. Use the table below to determine how to label the disk.

If the Disk was Successfully Configured ...	If the Disk was not Successfully Configured ...
Follow steps 5 and 6. Then go to step 12.	Follow steps 7-11. Then go to step 12.

5. Search for the backup label by using the verify command.

format> verify Warning: Could not read primary label. Warning: Check the current partitioning and 'label' the disk or use the 'backup' command. Backup label contents: Volume name = < > ascii name = <SUN0424 cyl 1151 alt 2 hd 9 sec 80> pcyl = 2500 ncyl = 1151 acyl = 2 nhead = 9 nsect = 80 Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 - 91 32.34MB (92/0/0) 66240 1 swap wu 92 - 183 32.34MB (92/0/0) 66240 2 backup wu 0 - 1150 404.65MB (1151/0/0) 828720 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 6 usr wm 184 - 1150 339.96MB (967/0/0) 696240 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0

6. If format was able to find a backup label and the backup label contents appear satisfactory, use the backup command to label the disk with the backup label.

format> backup Disk has a primary label, still continue? y Searching for backup labels...found. Restoring primary label

The disk label has been recovered. Go to step 12.

7. If format was not able to automatically configure the disk, specify the disk type using the type command.

format> type

Format will display the Available Drives Type menu.

8. Select 0 to automatically configure the disk, or select a disk type from the list of possible disk types.

Specify disk type (enter its number)[8]: 8

9. If the disk was successfully configured, reply with no when format asks if you want to label the disk.

Disk not labeled. Label it now? no

10. Use the verify command to search for backup labels.

format> verify Warning: Could not read primary label. Warning: Check the current partitioning and 'label' the disk or use the 'backup' command. . . .

11. If format was able to find a backup label and the backup label contents appear satisfactory, use the backup command to label the disk with the backup label.

format> backup Disk has a primary label, still continue? y Searching for backup labels...found. Restoring primary label

The disk label has been recovered.

12. Exit the format utility by typing q.

format> q

13. Verify the file systems on the recovered disk by using the fsck command. See Chapter 39, "Checking File System Integrity," for information about using the fsck command.

Adding a Third-Party Disk

The Solaris environment supports many third-party disks. However, you may need to supply either a device driver, a format.dat entry, or both of these.

If the third-party disk was designed to work with standard SunOS operating system-compatible device drivers, creating an appropriate format.dat entry should be enough to allow the disk to be recognized by the format utility. In other cases, you'll need to load a third-party device driver to support the disk.

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Note - Sun cannot guarantee that its format utility will work properly with all third-party disk drivers. If the disk driver is not compatible with the Solaris format utility, the disk drive vendor should supply you with a custom format program.

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This section discusses what to do if some of this software support is missing. Typically, this occurs when you invoke the format utility and find that the disk type is not recognized.

Supply the missing software as described in this section, and then refer to the appropriate configuration procedure for system disks or secondary disks in "SPARC: Adding a System or Secondary Disk" on page 463, or "Adding a System or Secondary Disk" on page 479.

Creating a format.dat Entry

Unrecognized disks cannot be formatted without precise information about the disk's geometry and operating parameters. This information is supplied in the /etc/format.dat file.

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Note - SCSI-2 drives do not require a format.dat entry. Starting in Solaris 2.3, the format utility automatically configures the SCSI-2 drives if the drives are powered on during a reconfiguration boot. See "How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Disk Drive" on page 453 for step-by-step instructions on configuring a SCSI disk drive automatically.

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If your disk was not recognized, use a text editor to create an entry in format.dat for the disk. You'll need to gather all the pertinent technical specifications about the disk and its controller before you start. This

information should have been provided with the disk. If not, contact the disk manufacturer or your supplier. See Chapter 31, "The format Utility" for more information on adding an entry to the /etc/format.dat file.

· How to Create a format.dat Entry

1. Become root.

2. Make a copy of the /etc/format.dat file.

# cp /etc/format.dat /etc/format.dat.gen

3. Modify the /etc/format.dat file to include an entry for the third-party disk using the format.dat information described in Chapter 31, "The format Utility."

   Use the disk's hardware product documentation to gather the required information.

Automatically Configuring SCSI Disk Drives

In Solaris 2.3 and subsequent releases, the format utility automatically configures SCSI disk drives even if that specific type of drive is not listed in the /etc/format.dat file. This feature enables you to format, slice, and label any disk driver compliant with SCSI-2 specification for disk device mode sense pages.

Use the following steps to configure a SCSI drive via autoconfiguration:

• Shut down the system
• Attach the SCSI disk drive to the system and verify it is attached correctly
• Turn on the disk drive
• Perform a reconfiguration boot
• Use the format utility to automatically configure the SCSI disk drive

After the reconfiguration boot, invoke the format utility. The format utility will attempt to configure the disk and, if successful, alert the user that the disk was configured. See "How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Disk Drive" on page 453 for step-by-step instructions on configuring a SCSI disk drive automatically.

Here's the default slice rules that format uses to create the partition table.

Table 28-2

Disk size	Root	Swap
0 - 180 Mbytes	16 Mbytes	16 Mbytes
180 Mbytes - 280 Mbytes	16 Mbytes	32 Mbytes
280 Mbytes - 380 Mbytes	24 Mbytes	32 Mbytes
380 Mbytes - 600 Mbytes	32 Mbytes	32 Mbytes
600 Mbytes - 1.0 Gbytes	32 Mbytes	64 Mbytes
1.0 Gbytes - 2.0 Gbytes	64 Mbytes	128 Mbytes
2.0 Gbytes -	128 Mbytes	128 Mbytes

In all cases, slice 6 (/usr) gets the remainder of the space on the disk.

Here's an example of a format-generated partition table for a 1.3-Gbyte SCSI disk drive.

Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 root wm 0 - 96 64.41MB (97/0/0) 1 swap wu 97 - 289 128.16MB (193/0/0) 2 backup wu 0 - 1964 1.27GB (1965/0/0) 6 usr wm 290 - 1964 1.09GB (1675/0/0)

See Chapter 31, "The format Utility," for more information about using SCSI automatic configuration.

· How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Disk Drive

1. Become root.

2. Create the /reconfigure file that will be read when the system is booted.

# touch /reconfigure

3. Shut down the system.

# shutdown -i0 -g30 -y

In this command,

-i0	Brings the system down to init state 0 (zero), the power-down state.
-g30	Notifies logged-in users that they have n seconds before the system begins to shut down.
-y	Specifies the command should run without user intervention.

The ok or > prompt is displayed after the operating environment is shut down.

4. Turn off power to the system and all external peripheral devices.

5. Make sure the disk you are adding has a different target number than the other devices on the system.

   You will often find a small switch located at the back of the disk for this purpose.

6. Connect the disk to the system and check the physical connections.

   Refer to the disk's hardware installation guide for installation details.

7. Turn on the power to all external peripherals.

8. Turn on the power to the system.

   The system will boot and display the login prompt.

9. Login as root, invoke the format utility, and select the disk to be configured automatically.

# format Searching for disks...done c1t0d0: configured with capacity of 404.65MB AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t3d0 <SUN0424 cyl 1151 alt 2 hd 9 sec 80> /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@3,0 1. c1t0d0 <SUN0424 cyl 1151 alt 2 hd 9 sec 80> /sbus@1,f8000000/QLGC,isp@1,10000/sd@0,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 1

10. Reply yes to the prompt to label the disk.

    Replying yes will cause the disk label to be generated and written to the disk by the autoconfiguration feature.

Disk not labeled. Label it now? yes

11. Verify the disk label with the verify command.

format> verify

12. Exit the format utility.

format> quit

Repairing a Defective Sector

If a disk on your system has a defective sector, you can repair it by using the instructions in the following procedures. You may become aware of defective sectors when you:

• Run surface analysis on a disk.

  See "The analyze Menu" on page 500 for more information on the analysis functionality of format.

  The defective area reported while your system is running may not be accurate. Since the system does disk operations many sectors at a time, it is often hard to pinpoint exactly which sector caused a given error. Use "How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis" on page 456 to find the exact sector(s).

• Get multiple error messages from the disk driver concerning a particular portion of the disk while your system is running.

  Messages related to disk errors look like the following:

WARNING: /io-unit@f,e0200000/sbi@0,0/QLGC,isp@1,10000/sd@3,0 (sd33): Error for command 'read' Error Level: Retryable Requested Block 126, Error Block: 179 Sense Key: Media Error Vendor 'SEAGATE': ASC = 0x11 (unrecovered read error), ASCQ = 0x0, FRU = 0x0

The above console message indicates that block 179 may be bad. Relocate the bad block by using the format utility's repair command or use the analyze command with the repair option enabled.

· How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis

1. Become root.

2. Unmount the file system in the slice that contains the defective sector.

   See mount(1M) for more information.

# umount /dev/dsk/device-name

3. Enter the format utility by typing format.

# format

4. Select the affected disk.

Specify disk (enter its number):1 selecting c0t2d0: [disk formatted] Warning: Current Disk has mounted partitions.

5. Enter the analyze menu by typing analyze at the format> prompt.

format> analyze

6. Set up the analysis parameters for the search step. Use the parameters shown here:

analyze> setup Analyze entire disk [no]? n Enter starting block number [0, 0/0/0]: 12330 Enter ending block number [584159, 1216/9/47]: 12360 Loop continuously [no]? y Repair defective blocks [yes]? n Stop after first error [no]? n Use random bit patterns [no]? n Enter number of blocks per transfer [31, 0/0/31]: 1 Verify media after formatting [yes]? y Enable extended messages [no]? n Restore defect list [yes]? y Create defect label [yes]? y

7. Use the read command to find the defect.

analyze> read Ready to analyze (won't harm SunOS). This takes a long time, but is interruptible with Control-C. Continue? y pass 0 25/7/24 pass 1 Block 12354 (18/4/18), Corrected media error (hard data ecc) 25/7/24 ^C Total of 1 defective blocks repaired.

· How to Repair a Defective Sector

1. Become root.

2. Enter the format utility and select the disk that contains the defective sector.

# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t2d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72> /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@2,0 1. c0t3d0 <SUN0535 cyl 1866 alt 2 hd 7 sec 80> /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 1 selecting c0t3d0 [disk formatted] format>

3. Enter the repair command at the format> prompt.

format> repair

4. Enter the defective block number.

   If you are unsure of the format used to identify the defective sector, see "How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis" on page 456 for more information.

Enter absolute block number of defect: 12354 Ready to repair defect, continue? y Repairing block 12354 (18/4/18)...ok. format>

Tips and Tricks

Use the following tips to help you manage disks more efficiently.

Debugging format Sessions

Invoke format -M to enable extended and diagnostic messages for using the format utility with SCSI devices only.

In this example, the series of numbers below Inquiry: represent the hexadecimal value of the inquiry data displayed to the right of the numbers.

# format -M Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t3d0 <SUN0535 cyl 1866 alt 2 hd 7 sec 80> /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/ sd@3,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 0 selecting c0t3d0 [disk formatted] format> inquiry Inquiry: 00 00 02 02 27 00 00 12 43 4f 4e 4e 45 52 20 20 ....'...CONNER 43 50 33 30 35 34 30 20 20 53 55 4e 30 35 33 35 CP30540 SUN0535 42 30 42 42 39 33 30 38 46 39 30 B0BB9308F90 Vendor: CONNER Product: CP30540 SUN0535 Revision: B0BB format>

Label Multiple Disks by Using the prtvtoc and fmthard Commands

Use the prtvtoc and fmthard commands to label multiple disks with the same disk geometry.

Use this for loop in a script to copy a disk label from one disk and replicate it on multiple disks.

# for i in x y z > do > prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/cntndnsn | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/cnt${i}d0s2 > done

Example--Labeling Multiple Disks

In this example, the disk label from c2t0d0s0 is copied to four other disks.

# for i in 1 2 3 5 > do > prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0s0 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c2t${i}d0s2 > done fmthard: New volume table of contents now in place. fmthard: New volume table of contents now in place. fmthard: New volume table of contents now in place. fmthard: New volume table of contents now in place. #