NFS Administration Guide
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Index

Symbols

#
.....comments in direct maps66
.....comments in indirect maps68
.....comments in master map (auto_master)65
& in maps86
* in maps87
+ in map names79 to 81
- in map names79
/
...../- as master map mount point66, 70
.....master map names preceded by65
.....root directory, mounting by disklessclients8
\ in maps65, 66, 68

A

-a option
.....mount command18
.....nfsd daemon14
.....showmount command27
.....umount command20, 21
Access Control List (ACL)6
administration
.....administrator responsibilities11 to 12
.....NFS files and their functions12 to 13
administrator responsibilities11 to 12
already mounted message98
ampersand (&) in maps86
anon option ofshare command24
applications, hung59
ARCH map variable78
asterisk (*) in maps87
AUTH_DES client-server session42 to 46
.....additional transaction45
.....client authenticates server45
.....contacting the server43 to 44
.....decrypting the conversation key44
.....generating public and secret keys42
.....generating the conversation key43
.....runningkeylogin43
.....Secure RPC issues45 to 46
.....storing information on the server44 to 45
.....verifier returned to client45
authentication
.....See also AUTH_DES client-serversession; security
.....DES41 to 42
.....KERB42
.....RPC41
.....UNIX39, 41
auto_direct map,See direct maps
auto_home map
...../home directory server setup94 to 95
...../home directory structure93
...../home mount point70, 71
auto_master map,See master map(auto_master)
autofs61 to 100
.....See alsoautomount command;automountd daemon; maps(autofs)
.....consolidating project-related files95 to 97
.....default behavior84 to 86
.....features9
.....home directory server setup94 to 95
...../home directory structure93
.....maps
............administrative tasks81 to 86
............default behavior84 to 86
............direct66 to 67
............indirect67 to 69
............master65 to 66
............modifying81
............multiple mounts73 to 76
............network navigation69
............read-only file selection76 to 78
............referring to other maps79 to 81
............starting the navigationprocess70 to 73
............variables78 to 79
.....metacharacters86 to 87
.....mount process71 to 73
.....mounting file systems38
.....name service use84 to 85
.....name space data9
.....non-NFS file system access88
.....operating systems, supportingincompatible versions91
.....overview8, 61 to 64
.....reference86 to 89
.....replicating shared files across severalservers92
......shared name space access90 to 91
......special characters87
......tasks and procedures89 to 97
......troubleshooting97 to 100
autofs script62, 63
automatic file sharing35 to 36
automatic mounting,See autofs;automount command;automountd daemon
automount command
......autofs and8
......automountd daemon and62
......error messages97 to 100
......how it works62
......-v option97 to 98
......when to run82
automountd daemon
......autofs and8
......automount command and62
......how it works61, 62
automounter,See autofs

B

background mounting option16
backslash (\) in maps65, 66, 68
bad key messages97
bg option ofmount command with-oflag16
booting
......diskless client security46
......mounting file systems36 to 37
buffers
......Ethernet cards and17
......size selection during mounting17

C

-c option ofnfsd daemon14
cache and NFS Version 36
cache file system type
......autofs access using89
......mount command option15
CacheFS89
cachefs file system type15
can't mount message98
cannot receive reply message99
cannot send packet message99
CD-ROM applications, accessing88
cfsadmin command89
chkey command42, 48
clients
.....AUTH_DES client-server session42 to 46
.....incompatible operating systemsupport91
.....NFS services7
commands
.....See alsospecific commands
.....hung programs59
.....NFS commands14 to 28
.....UNIX "r" commands4
comments
.....in direct maps66
.....in indirect maps68
.....in master map (auto-master)65
common key
.....calculation44
.....described42
computers
.....netnames47
.....reinstalling, moving, orupgrading49
"connectionless" protocols4
consolidating project-related files95 to 97
conversation key
.....decrypting44
.....described42
.....generating43
couldn't create mount pointmessage98
CPU map variable78
cred table
.....information stored by server44 to 45
.....public keys in41
credentials
.....described40, 43 to 44
......UNIX authentication41

D

-d option ofshowmount command27
daemons
......automountd
............autofs and8
............automount command and62
............how it works61, 62
......kerbd42
......keyserv48
......lockd
............described13
......mountd
............checking response on server54
............described13
............enabling without rebooting57
............not registered withrpcbind59
............remote mountingrequirement51 to 52
............server mount daemon withautofs72
............verifying if running57, 59
......nfsd
............checking response on server54
............described14
............enabling without rebooting57
............remote mountingrequirement51 to 52
............syntax14
............verifying if running56
......required for remote mounting51 to 52
......rpcbind
............dead or hung58
............mountd daemon notregistered59
......statd
............described14
dash (-) in map names79
Data Encryption Standard authentication,See DES authentication
decrypting
......See also public-key cryptography
.....conversation key44
.....secret key43
defaults
.....file system type formountcommand15
.....file system types12
DES authentication
.....See also public-key cryptography
.....AUTH_DES client-server session42 to 46
.....dfstab file option49
.....KERB authentication42, 49
.....netnames47
.....overview41 to 42
.....password protection40
.....user authentication39
dfstab file
.....automatic file sharing35 to ??
.....kerberos option49
.....secure option49
.....syntax36
Diffie-Hellman public-key cryptography,See public-key cryptography
dir must start with '/' message98
direct maps
.....comments in66
.....described81
.....example67
.....modifying83
.....overview66 to 67
.....syntax66
.....when to runautomountcommand82
directory does not exist59
diskless clients
.....manual mounting requirements8
.....NFS services7
.....security during boot process46
displaying,See listing
domain name for Secure NFS47
domain, defined47
DOS files, accessing88

E

-e option ofshowmount command27
environment,See NFS environment
error messages
......See also troubleshooting
......generated byautomount -v97 to 98
......miscellaneousautomountmessages98 to 100
......No such file or directory59
......Permission denied59
......server not responding
............hung programs59
............keyboard interrupt for52
............remote mounting problems58 to 59
......server not responding
............remote mounting problems59
......server not responding duringmounting17
errors
......See also troubleshooting
......open errors6
......write errors6
/etc/.rootkey file49
/etc/auto_direct map,See directmaps
/etc/auto_master map,See mastermap (auto_master)
/etc/default/fs file12, 13
/etc/dfs/dfstab file
......automatic file sharing35 to ??
......kerberos option49
......secure option49
......syntax36
/etc/dfs/fstypes file12
/etc/dfs/sharetab file
......described12
......mountd daemon and13
/etc/init.d/autofs script62, 63
/etc/mnttab file
......comparing withauto_mastermap62
.....creating28
.....described12
.....mounting file systems withoutcreating entry16
/etc/mtab file,See/etc/mnttab file
/etc/netconfig file17
/etc/rmtab file12
/etc/vfstab file
.....automount command and62
.....described12
.....mounting by diskless clients8
.....mounting file systems at boottime36 to 37
.....NFS servers and37
.....printing mounted files in formatfor18
Ethernet (network) layer3
Ethernet card buffer size17
exports message99

F

-F option
.....mount command15, 18
.....mountall command21
.....share command22
.....shareall command26
.....umountall command21
.....unshare command26
.....unshareall command27
fg option ofmount command with-oflag16
file attributes and NFS Version 36
file permissions
.....See also security
.....NFS Version 3 improvement6
.....your computer not on list59
file sharing22 to 27
.....See alsoshare command
.....automatic35 to 36
.....examples25, 27
.....giving root access24
.....listed clients only23
.....multiple file systems26
......NFS Version 3 improvements6, 7
......options23
......overview22
......read-only access23, 25
......read-write access23, 25
......replicating shared files across severalservers92
......security issues23, 24, 39 to 40
......unauthenticated users and24
......unsharing26, 27
files and file systems
......See also autofs; file sharing; mounting;unmounting
......autofs access
............NFS file systems usingCacheFS89
............non-NFS file systems88
......autofs selection of files76 to 78
......consolidating project-related files95 to 97
......file system types
............default12
............mount command options15
......file systems defined8
......local file systems
............default types12
............mounting from file systemtable21
............restricting mounting to18
............unmounting groups21 to 22
......NFS ASCII files and theirfunctions12 to 13
......NFS treatment of8
......remote file systems
............default types12
............list of remotely mounted filesystems12
............listing clients with remotelymounted file systems27
............mounting from file systemtable21
............unmounting groups21 to 22
......sharing automatically35 to 36
foreground file mounting option16
fs file12, 13
FSType options ofmount command15
fstypes file12
fuser -k mount point21, 22

G

-g option
.....lockd daemon13

H

-h option ofumountall command22
hard option ofmount command with-oflag17
hierarchical mountpointsmessage99
hierarchical mounts (multiplemounts)73 to 76
High Sierra file system type15
/home directory
.....server setup94 to 95
.....structure93
/home mount point70, 71
HOST map variable78
host not responding message99
-hosts special map73
hosts, unmounting all file systemsfrom22
hsfs file system type15
hung programs59

I

indirect maps
.....comments in68
.....described81
.....example68 to 69
.....modifying83
.....overview67 to 69
.....syntax67 to 68
.....when to runautomountcommand82
Internet services, protocols4
intr option
......default52
......mount command with-o flag16

K

-k option ofumountall command21
KERB authentication
......See also DES authentication; public-key cryptography
......dfstab file option49
......overview42
kerbd daemon42
kerberos
......dfstab file option49
......mount option49
Kerberos (KERB) authentication42, 49
kernel, checking response on server53
/kernel/fs file, checking13
keyboard interruption of mounting16, 52
keylogin program
......remote login security issues46
......running43, 48
keylogout program46
keyserv daemon, verifying48
keyserver, starting48
ksh command7

L

-l option
......mountall command21
......umountall command22
layers,See protocol layers
leading space in map entrymessage98
listing
......clients with remotely mounted filesystems27
......mounted file systems18, 19
......remotely mounted file systems12
......shared file systems25
local cache and NFS Version 36
local file systems
......default types12
.....mounting from file system table21
.....restricting mounting to18
.....unmounting groups21 to 22
lockd daemon
.....described13
.....syntax13
locking, NFS Version 3 improvements7
login command, remote login46

M

-m option ofmount command16
mail command7
map key bad message99
maps (autofs)
.....See also direct maps; indirect maps;master map (auto_master); mount points
.....administrative tasks81 to 86
.....automount command, when torun82
.....avoiding mount conflicts84
.....comments in65, 66, 68
.....default autofs behavior84 to 86
.....direct66 to 67
.....-hosts special map73
.....indirect67 to 69
.....maintenance methods82
.....master65 to 66
.....modifying81
............direct maps83
............indirect maps83
............maintenance method82
............master map82
.....multiple mounts73 to 76
.....network navigation69
.....referring to other maps79 to 81
.....selecting read-only files for clients76 to 78
.....special characters87
.....splitting long lines in65, 66, 68
.....starting the navigation process70 to 73
............mount points70 to 71
............mount process71 to 73
......types and their uses81
......variables78 to 79
master map (auto_master)
....../- mount point66, 70
......comments in65
......comparing with/etc/mnttabfile62
......contents70 to 71
......described81
......modifying82
......overriding options89
......overview65 to 66
......preinstalled93
......Secure NFS setup49
......security restrictions93
......syntax65
......when to runautomountcommand82
messages,See error messages
MIT Project Athena42
mnttab file
......comparing withauto_mastermap62
......creating28
......described12
......mounting file systems withoutcreating entry16
mount command15 to 19
......See also mounting
......autofs and8
......described15 to 16
......diskless clients need for8
......options
............FSType15
............generic16
............NFS file systems16
............no arguments19
............not requiring file system type18 to 19
......superuser usage37
......syntax15
......using19
mount ofserver:pathnameonmountpoint:reason message99
mount points
...../- as master map mount point66, 70
.....avoiding conflicts84
.....fuser -k21
...../home70, 71
.....multiple-mount entries74 to 76
...../net71, 73
.....parallel mounting18
mount root74 to 75
mountall command21
mountd daemon
.....checking response on server54
.....described13
.....enabling without rebooting57
.....not registered withrpcbind59
.....remote mounting requirement51 to 52
.....server mount daemon with autofs72
.....verifying if running57, 59
mounting
.....See alsomount command
.....all file systems in a table21
.....autofs and8 to 9, 38
.....automatic,See autofs;automountcommand;automountddaemon
.....background retries16
.....boot time method36 to 37
.....diskless client requirements8
...../etc/mnttab entry creationduring16
.....examples19, 21
.....foreground retries16
.....keyboard interruption during16, 52
.....list of mounted file systems12, 18
.....local file systems only18
.....manually (on the fly)37
.....mount points in parallel18
.....options
............file system type15
............generic16
............multiple mounts73 to 76
............NFS file systems16
............not requiring file system type18 to 19
......overlaying already mounted filesystem16, 19
......quota execution during17
......read buffer size for17
......read-only specification16, 17, 19
......read-write specification17
......remote mounting
............daemons required51 to 52
............troubleshooting,?? to59
......server not responding17
......setuid execution during18
......soft vs. hard52
......transport protocol for17
......verifying configurations andcommand lines19
......version of NFS protocol for18
......write buffer size for17
moving computers49
MS-DOS files, accessing88
mtab file,Seemnttab file
multiple mounts73 to 76

N

name services
......autofs use of84 to 85
......map maintenance methods82
name spaces
......autofs and9
......shared, accessing90 to 91
navigating using maps
......multiple mounts73 to 76
......overview69
......starting the process70 to 73
............mount points70 to 71
............mount process71 to 73
/net mount point
......access method73
......described71
netconfig file17
netnames47
network layer3
network lock manager7
networking software
.....application layer4
.....OSI Reference Model2 to 3
.....overview1
.....protocol layers1 to 2
.....transport layer4
newkey command42, 48
NFS commands,See commands
NFS environment5 to 6
.....benefits5
.....file systems8
.....overview5
.....Secure NFS39 to 40
.....servers and clients7
.....Version 2 software5 to 6
.....Version 3 software6
nfs file system type, described15
NFS troubleshooting51 to 59
.....determining where NFS service hasfailed57
.....hung programs59
.....remote mounting problems59
.....server problems53
.....strategies51 to 52
nfscast: cannot receive replymessage99
nfscast: cannot send packetmessage99
nfscast:select message100
nfsd daemon
.....checking response on server54
.....described14
.....enabling without rebooting57
.....remote mounting requirement51 to 52
.....syntax14
.....verifying if running56
nis_err message99
nisaddcred command42, 48
nistbladm command82 to 84
no info message98, 100
No such file or directorymessage59
nointr option ofmount command with-o flag16
noquota option ofmount command with-o flag17
nosuid option
......mount command with-o flag18
......share command24
Not a directory message99
Not found message98
number sign (#)
......comments in direct maps66
......comments in indirect maps68
......comments in master map (auto_master)65

O

-O option ofmount command16, 19
-o option
......mount command16, 19
......share command23, 25
......umount command20
......unshare command26
open errors6
Open Systems Interconnection ReferenceModel,See OSI Reference Model
operating systems
......map variables78
......supporting incompatible versions91
OSI Reference Model
......application layer4
......overview2 to 3
......table of protocol layers3
......transport layer4
OSNAME map variable78
OSREL map variable78
OSVERS map variable78
overlaying already mounted filesystem16, 19

P

-p option
......mount command18
.....nfsd daemon14
parallel mounting18
passwords
.....autofs and superuser passwords8
.....DES password protection40
.....secret-key decryption43
.....Secure RPC password creation48
pathconf: no info message100
pathconf: server not respondingmessage100
PC file system type15
PC-DOS files, accessing88
pcfs file system type15
peer process2
Permission denied message59
permissions
.....See also security
.....NFS Version 3 improvement6
.....your computer not on list59
plus sign (+) in map names79 to 81
pound sign (#)
.....comments in direct maps66
.....comments in indirect maps68
.....comments in master map (auto_master)65
printing
.....list of mounted file systems18
.....list of remotely mounteddirectories27
.....list of shared or exported files27
processor type map variable78
programs, hung59
projects, consolidating files95 to 97
proto= option ofmount command with-o flag17
protocol layers1 to 2
.....application layer4
.....OSI Reference Model2 to 3
.....transport layer4
protocol stack,See protocol layers
public-key cryptography
.....See also DES authentication
......AUTH_DES client-server session42 to 46
......changing public and secret keys42
......common key
............calculation44
............described42
......conversation key42
......database of public keys40, 41, 42
......DES authentication41 to 42
......generating keys
............conversation key43
............public and secret keys42
......secret key
............changing42
............database41, 42
............decrypting43
............deleting from remote server46
............generating42
......time synchronization41
publickey map41, 48

Q

quota option ofmount command with-oflag17
quota(1M) command17

R

-r option
......mount command16, 19
......mountall command21
......umountall command22
read buffer size selection17
read-only type
......file selection by autofs76 to 78
......mounting file systems as16, 17, 19
......sharing file systems as23, 25
read-write type
......mounting file systems as17
......sharing file systems as23, 25
reinstalling computers49
remote file systems
......default types12
.....list of remotely mounted filesystems12
.....listing clients with remotely mountedfile systems27
.....mounting from file system table21
.....unmounting groups21 to 22
remote login and security45
remote mounting
.....daemons required51 to 52
.....troubleshooting53 to 57
remote procedure call,See RPC
remount message98
replayed transactions45
replicating shared files across severalservers92
resources, shared12
rlogin command, remote login46
rmtab file12
ro option
.....mount command with-o flag17, 19
.....share command with-o flag23, 25
root directory, mounting by disklessclients8
root, mount74 to 75
root=host option ofsharecommand24
RPC
.....authentication41
.....Secure
............DES authorization issues45 to 46
............overview40 to 41
rpcbind daemon
.....dead or hung58
.....mountd daemon not registered59
rsize= option ofmount command with-o flag17
rw option
.....mount command with-o flag17
.....share command with-o flag23, 25
rw=client option ofshare commandwith-o flag23

S

-s option ofumountall command21
s5fs file system type15
secret key
......changing42
......database41, 42
......decrypting43
......deleting from remote server46
......generating42
......server crash and45 to 46
secure
......dfstab file option49
......mount option49
Secure NFS
......administering47 to 49
......domain name47
......overview39 to 40
......setting up47 to 49
Secure RPC
......DES authorization issues45 to 46
......overview40 to 41
security39 to 49
......applying restrictions93
......DES authentication
............AUTH_DES client-serversession42 to 46
............dfstab file option49
............netnames47
............overview41 to 42
............password protection40
............user authentication39
......file-sharing issues23, 24
......KERB authentication42, 49
......NFS Version 3 and6
......Secure NFS
............administering47 to 49
............overview39 to 40
......Secure RPC
............DES authorization issues45 to 46
............overview40 to 41
......setuid execution during filemounting18
......UNIX authentication39, 41
serial unmounting
.....specifying21
server not responding message
.....hung programs59
.....keyboard interrupt for52
.....remote mounting problems58
98, 100
servers
.....AUTH_DES client-server session42 to 46
.....autofs selection of files76 to 78
.....crashes and secret keys45 to 46
.....daemons required for remotemounting51 to 52
.....file systems mounted by autofs72
.....home directory server setup94 to 95
.....maintaining12
.....NFS server down59
.....NFS servers andvfstab file37
.....NFS services7
.....not responding during mounting17
.....replicating shared files92
.....troubleshooting
............clearing problems53
............remote mounting problems53 to 59
.....weighting in maps77
session key,See conversation key
setgid mode,share command optionfor24
setmnt command28
setuid mode
.....mount command option for18
.....Secure RPC and46
.....share command option for24
share command22 to 25
.....described22
...../etc/dfs/dfstab file entries35 to ??
.....options23
.....security issues23, 24
.....syntax22
.....using25
shareall command26
shared resources, list of12
sharetab file
......described12
......mountd daemon and13
sharing files and file systems,See filesharing
showmount command27
single-user mode and security46
slash (/)
....../- as master map mount point66, 70
......master map names preceded by65
......root directory, mounting by disklessclients8
soft option ofmount command with-oflag17
Solaris 2.5 release
......NFS Version 2 support5 to 6
......NFS Version 3 improvements6
special characters in maps87
statd daemon
......described14
suid option ofmount command with-oflag18
superusers
......autofs and passwords8
......netnames47
......runningmount command as37
synchronizing time41
System V file system type,mountcommand option15

T

-t option
......lockd daemon13
......nfsd daemon14
TCP
......NFS Version 3 and7
......selecting during mounting17
TCP/IP
......application layer protocols4
......described4
......further information2
......OSI Reference Model and2, 3
telnet command, remote login46
temporary file system type,mountcommand option15
time, synchronizing41
TLI4
tmpfs file system type15
transmission control protocol/interfaceprogram,See TCP/IP
transport layer4
transport protocol,mount commandoption for17
troubleshooting
.....See also error messages; errors
.....autofs97 to 100
............avoiding mount pointconflicts84
............error messages generated byautomount -v97 to 98
............miscellaneous errormessages98 to 100
.....NFS51 to ??
............determining where NFS servicehas failed57
............hung programs59
............remote mounting problems53 to 59
............server problems53
............strategies51 to 52

U

UDP
.....described4
.....NFS Version 3 and7
.....selecting during mounting17
ufs file system type15
umount command
.....See also unmounting
.....autofs and8
.....described20
umountall command
.....syntax21
.....using22
UNIX
......authentication39, 41
......file system type option formountcommand15
......"r" commands4
......security issues39, 41
unmounting
......See also autofs;umount command
......autofs and8
......examples20, 22
......groups of file systems21 to 22
......options20
unshare command26
unshareall command27
unsharing file systems
......See also file sharing
......unshare command26
......unshareall command27
upgrading computers49
user datagram protocol,See UDP
/usr directory, mounting by disklessclients8
/usr/kvm directory, mounting bydiskless clients8

V

-V option
......mount command19
......umount command20
-v option
......automount command97 to 98
......mount command18
......umount command21
variables in map entries78 to 79
verifiers
......described40, 44
......returned to client45
......UNIX authentication41
......window44
vers= option ofmount command with-oflag18
Version 2 NFS software
......mount command option for18
......support5 to 6
Version 3 NFS software
.....described6
.....mount command option for18
vfstab file
.....automount command and62
.....described12
.....mounting by diskless clients8
.....mounting file systems at boottime36 to 37
.....NFS servers and37
.....printing mounted files in formatfor18
viewing,See listing

W

WARNING:mountpointalreadymounted on message98
weighting of servers in maps77
window verifier44
write buffer size selection17
write errors6
wsize= option ofmount command with-o flag17

Z