| |
| ..2.2 Disk Expansion Units | 2-23 |
| .....2.2.1 SPARCstorage Array Subsystem | 2-23 |
| .....2.2.2 Desktop Storage Module | 2-26 |
| .....2.2.3 Multi-Disk Pack | 2-26 |
| .....2.2.4 Desktop Disk Pack | 2-27 |
3. Analyzing NFS Performance | 3-1 |
| ..3.1 Tuning Steps | 3-1 |
| ...........· General Performance Improvement Tuning |
| .............. Steps | 3-1 |
| ...........· Performance Problem Resolution Tuning |
| ..............Steps | 3-2 |
| ..3.2 Checking the Network, Server, and Each Client | 3-3 |
| .....3.2.1 Checking the Network | 3-3 |
| ...........· To find the number of packets and |
| ..............collisions/errors on each network | 3-4 |
| ...........· To determine how long a round trip echo |
| ..............packet takes on the network and to display |
| ..............packet losses | 3-5 |
| .....3.2.2 Checking the NFS Server | 3-7 |
| ...........· To see what is being exported | 3-9 |
| ...........· To display the file systems mounted and |
| ..............the actual disk drive on which the file system |
| ..............is mounted | 3-9 |
| ...........· Determine on which disk number the file |
| ..............systems returned by the df -k command are |
| ..............stored | 3-10 |
| |
| ...........· If an Online: DiskSuite metadisk is returned |
| ..............by the df -k command, determine the disk |
| ..............number | 3-10 |
| ...........· To determine the /dev/dsk entries for each |
| ..............exported file system | 3-12 |
| ...........· To see the disk statistics for each disk | 3-15 |
| ...........· To translate the disk names into disk numbers | 3-16 |
| ...........· To collect data on a long-term basis | 3-20 |
| ...........· If disks are overloaded, spread the load out . | 3-20 |
| ...........· If you have read-only file systems | 3-20 |
| ...........· To identify NFS problems, display server |
| ..............statistics | 3-21 |
| ...........· If symlink is greater than 10 percent in |
| ..............the output of the nfsstat -s command, |
| ..............eliminate symbolic links | 3-22 |
| ...........· To show the Directory Name Lookup Cache |
| ..............(DNLC) hit rate | 3-23 |
| ...........· If the system has a Prestoserve NFS accelerator, |
| ..............check its state | 3-24 |
| .....3.2.3 Checking Each Client | 3-25 |
| ...........· To check the client statistics to see if the |
| ..............client is having NFS problems | 3-26 |
| ...........· To display statistics for each NFS mounted file |
| ..............system | 3-28 |
| |
4. Configuration Recommendations for NFS Performance | 4-1 |
| ..4.1 Tuning for NFS Performance Improvement | 4-1 |
| .....4.1.1 Balancing NFS Server Workload | 4-2 |
| ..4.2 Networks | 4-3 |
| .....4.2.1 Networking Requirements for Data-Intensive |
| ..........Applications | 4-3 |
| ...........· To configure networking when your server's |
| ..............primary application is data-intensive | 4-3 |
| .....4.2.2 Networking Requirements for Attribute-Intensive |
| ..........Applications | 4-4 |
| ...........· To configure networking when your server's |
| ..............primary application is attribute-intensive | 4-4 |
| .....4.2.3 Networking Requirements for Systems With More |
| ..........Than One Class of Users | 4-5 |
| ...........· To configure networking for servers that have |
| ..............more than one class of users | 4-5 |
| ..4.3 Disk Drives | 4-6 |
| ...........· To ease the disk bottleneck | 4-6 |
| .....4.3.1 Replicating File Systems | 4-7 |
| ...........· To replicate file systems | 4-7 |
| .....4.3.2 Adding the Cache File System | 4-8 |
| .....4.3.3 Disk Drive Configuration Rules | 4-9 |
| ...........· To configure disk drives | 4-9 |
| .....4.3.4 Using Online: Disk Suite to Spread Disk Access |
| ..........Load | 4-10 |
| .....4.3.5 Using the Optimum Zones of the Disk | 4-11 |
| |
| ..4.4 Central Processor Units | 4-12 |
| ...........· To determine CPU utilization | 4-12 |
| ..4.5 Memory | 4-14 |
| .......· To determine if an NFS server is memory bound | 4-14 |
| .......· To calculate memory according to general memory |
| ..........rules | 4-15 |
| .......· To calculate memory according to specific memory |
| ..........rules | 4-15 |
| ...........· If your server primarily provides user data for |
| ..............many clients | 4-15 |
| ...........· If your server normally provides temporary file |
| ..............space for applications which utilize those files |
| ..............heavily | 4-15 |
| ...........· If your server's primary task is to provide only |
| ..............executable images | 4-16 |
| ...........· If the clients are DOS PCs or Macintoshes | 4-16 |
| .......· To configure swap space | 4-16 |
| ..4.6 Prestoserve NFS Accelerator | 4-17 |
| .....4.6.1 Adding the SBus Prestoserve NFS Accelerator | 4-18 |
| .....4.6.2 Adding the NVRAM-NVSIMM Prestoserve NFS |
| ..........Accelerator | 4-18 |
| ..4.7 Tuning Parameters | 4-19 |
| .....4.7.1 Setting the Number of NFS Threads in |
| ........../etc/init.d/nfs.server | 4-19 |
| ...........· To set the number of NFS threads | 4-20 |
| .....4.7.2 Identifying Buffer Sizes and Tuning Variables | 4-20 |
| .....4.7.3 Using /etc/system to Modify Kernel Variables . | 4-20 |
| |
| .....4.7.4 Adjusting Cache Size: maxusers | 4-21 |
| .....4.7.5 Adjusting the Buffer Cache: bufhwm | 4-23 |
| .....4.7.6 Directory Name Lookup Cache (DNLC) | 4-24 |
| ...........· To show the DNLC hit rate (cache hits) | 4-24 |
| ...........· To reset ncsize | 4-25 |
| .....4.7.7 Increasing the Inode Cache | 4-26 |
| .......· To increase the inode cache | 4-26 |
| ...........· If the inode cache hit rate is below 90 percent |
| ..............or if the DNLC requires tuning for local disk |
| ..............file I/O workloads | 4-26 |
| .....4.7.8 Increasing Read Throughput | 4-27 |
| ...........· To increase the number of read-aheads in the |
| ..............Solaris 2.4 software environment | 4-28 |
5. Troubleshooting | 5-1 |
A. Using NFS Performance-Monitoring and Benchmarking |
| ......Tools | A-1 |
| ..A.1 NFS Monitoring Tools | A-2 |
| ..A.2 Network Monitoring Tools | A-3 |
| .....A.2.1 Snoop | A-3 |
| .......· To look at selected packets in a capture file, pkts . | A-5 |
| .......· To obtain more detailed information on a packet | A-6 |
| .......· To view NFS packets | A-8 |
| .......· To save packets to a new capture file | A-9 |
| ..A.3 LADDIS | A-10 |
| .....A.3.1 Interpreting LADDIS Results | A-12 |
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