Glossary (Administration Application Reference Manual)

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Administration Application Reference Manual

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Solaris 2.4 System Administrator AnswerBook

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admind: A distributed system administration daemon that carries out security tasks when administrative tasks are performed across the network.
Administration Tool: A graphical user interface used to perform administrative tasks such as managing users, groups, hosts, printers, and serial devices.
Administration Tool launcher: The main window of the interface used to start the other application tools.
aliases file: A file containing mail aliases, which are names that represent distribution lists of users.
auto_home (or auto.home) file: An indirect automounter map containing entries that enable client systems to mount their home directories automatically. It is primarily accessed using User Account Manager.
bootparams file: A file containing entries used to enable client systems to boot from the network.

baud rate: The switching speed of a line, which is the number of changes in the electrical state of the line per second. At low speeds, baud rate is equivalent to bits transmitted per second. At higher speeds, the bits transmitted per second is greater than the baud rate because one baud can be made to represent more than one bit.
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD): One of two major "flavors" of the UNIX operating system, the other being System V. SunOS operating system releases before SunOS 5.0 are the BSD flavor.
content type: Specified when adding support for a local printer to identify the particular formats of files that can be printed. Supported content types are: PS (PostScript), ASCII, simple, or any.
default: An assumed value, or an action taken automatically unless you specify otherwise.
device: A hardware component, such as a printer or disk drive, acting as a unit to perform a specific function.
diskless client: A system with a monitor and keyboard, CPU and memory, and Ethernet hardware. A diskless client gets it file resources and swap space from a server on a network.
Database Manager: One of Administration Tool's suite of applications used to manage network-related system files such as aliases and netmasks.
dataless client: A system with a monitor and keyboard, CPU and memory, Ethernet hardware, and small local disk for the swap area and the root (/) file system. A dataless client gets its other file resources from a server on the network.
Ethernet address: A system's hardware address. You can display the Ethernet address by using the banner command from the PROM level.

ethers file: A file containing Ethernet addresses of network client systems.
file server: A reachable system that shares file resources and disk storage space for network clients.
file system: A hierarchy of files and directories in the SunOS operating system.
group: A collection of users who share files and other system resources. Each user belongs to a primary group (listed in the user's passwd entry), and optionally, one or more secondary groups.
group ID (GID): A group identification number used by the system to identify a user's primary group. GID numbers for users usually range from 100 to 60000.
group file: A file containing entries for UNIX groups. The group file is accessed from Database Manager.
hardwired: Refers to a device such as a terminal that is physically connected to the local system.
hosts file: A file containing host names and their associated IP addresses.
host name: A unique name that identifies a system.
Host Manager: One of Administration Tool's suite of applications used to manage network client services.
initialization files: Special files run automatically when you log in. When an account is created and you specified a skeleton path, User Account Manager copies generic versions of the initialization files into the user's home directory. You can then edit the copies as needed to customize each user's environment.
IP address: A system's unique network address.

launcher

See Administration Tool launcher.

local printer

A printer physically connected to the local system.

locale file

A file containing the default locales used by network clients.

media server

A reachable system that shares a CD-ROM device for remote installation of software.

modem

A data communication device that translates, or modulates, digital information into an analog signal that can be transmitted via phone lines.

name service

Method by which system information is maintained in the network. There are three types: NIS, NIS+, and None.

· NIS - Name service shipped with the SunOS 4.1.x operating system. Designated machines, called NIS servers, contain maps that store information about the network, its workstations, and its users.

· NIS+ - Name service shipped with the Solaris 2.x product. Making use of true databases (instead of two-column maps that simply associate one variable with another), NIS+ stores even more information than does NIS.

· None - Method for administrators of networks that do not use a network name service; administrators usually select one machine on the network on which to maintain a master copy of the /etc configuration files.

name service domain

A group of systems and the information served to those systems.

netgroup file: A file containing entries for netgroups, a group of systems granted identical access to network resources for security and organizational reasons.
netmasks file: A file containing network mask values used to implement IP subnetting.
network client: A system that uses remote resources from a server.
networks file: A file containing information about available networks.
nsswitch.conf: A file that contains an entry for each system file and a corresponding name service source to search for the system file information. The name service sources are designated as keywords-- nis, nisplus, or files. If more than one name service source is listed, they are searched in the order given.
OpenWindows: A windowing system based on the OPEN LOOK graphical user interface.
parallel port: A port that transfers one or more bytes simultaneously over multiple lines. See also serial port.
passwd file: A file that contains user account information such as user name, user ID, group ID, and home directory. It accessed using User Account Manager.
password status: A menu on the User Account Manager's Add User window that enables you to control user password characteristics. The choices are:; · Normal password - Sets a password for the user.; · Cleared until first login - Prompts user for a password on first login.; · Account is locked - Disables account with an invalid password, Account can be unlocked by assigning a new password. This type of account allows a user to own files but not log in.; · No password--setuid only - Disables the ability to directly log in to the account. This allows programs such as lp or uucp to run under an account, without allowing a user to login.

permissions: A set of attributes assigned to each file and directory that determines which users have access to read, write, and execute its contents.
port: A channel through which a device communicates with the operating system.
port monitor: A program that continuously "watches out" for requests to log in, or requests to access printers or files.; When a port monitor detects a request, it sets whatever parameters are required to establish communication between the operating system and the device requesting service. Then the port monitor transfers control to other processes that provide the services needed.
primary group: A user belongs to at least one primary (or default) group, which determines the group ownership on a file the user creates, or is allowed to access, if already created. Membership in this group is defined by the group identifier listed in the user's entry in the passwd file.
print client: A system that uses a print server for printing files.
print server: A system with a printer physically connected to it and the appropriate software configured to print both local and remote print requests.
Printer Manager: One of Administration Tool's suite of applications used to manage local and remote printer setup.
printer name: A unique name, with a maximum of 14 characters, for a printer.
printer type: The terminfo database entry that contains the control sequences that initialize the printer.

PROM: A programmable read-only memory chip with a program called the monitor that runs a quick self-test procedure and checks such things as the hardware and memory on the system. If no errors are found, the system begins the automatic boot process.
PROM prompt: The prompt displayed when the system is halted; either > or ok.
protocols file: A file containing information about Internet protocols used in your network.
remote printer: A printer connected to a remote system such as a print server.
rpc file: A file containing entries for available Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services (by name) and their associated program numbers and aliases.
secondary group: Membership in this group is defined by the group identifier listed in the group file with a list of users as members.
services file: A file containing information about network services and their "well-known" port numbers.
serial port: A port which transmits a byte of information bit-by-bit over a single line using a standard communications protocol such as RS-423. See also parallel port.
Serial Port Manager: One of Administration Tool's suite of applications used to manage serial devices.
shadow file: A file containing encrypted user passwords and password aging information. It is accessed using User Account Manager.
shell: A command-line interpreter program that accepts and executes commands that you type. There are several varieties of shell programs, and three are included in the Solaris 2.x product: Bourne, Korn, and C.

skeleton path: A prototype directory containing start-up files. See also initialization files.
standalone system: A system with a monitor and keyboard, CPU and memory, approximately 200 megabytes of disk space, and usually a backup device. It may or may not be connected to a network.
superuser: A user who has access to all parts of the system. This is usually the system administrator. Also known as root.
sysadmin group: The UNIX group whose members, along with a group ID of 14, can use Administration Tool's applications locally or remotely.
system default (printer): The printer your print requests will be sent to if you do not specify a printer.
system files: Files that contain important system administration information such as user accounts, passwords, and groups. These files are contained on the local system in the /etc directory, or in the NIS or NIS+ database on a name server.
System V: One of two major "flavors" of the UNIX operating system, the other being BSD. The SunOS 5.0 operating system and subsequent releases are of the System V flavor.
terminal: An input/output device that usually has a keyboard for input and a video screen or printer for output. Terminal, however, is often used as a shorthand for alphanumeric terminal, which is a serial port device capable of displaying only letters, numbers, and other characters such as those produced by a typewriter.
timezone file: A file containing entries for systems and their geographic region and time zone.
user account: A record of essential user information stored on the system. You must have a user account to access a system.

user ID (UID): A number used by the operating system to identify a user. UID numbers for users usually range from 100 to 60000.
user name: The name a user uses to log in to a system.
workspace: The background screen area on which windows and icons are displayed.
User Account Manager: One of Administration Tool's suite of applications used to manage user account information.
utmp entry: A entry made in the /var/adm/utmp file when a user logs in and out of the system.
ypbind: A NIS daemon process that runs on all client systems and allows the client to communicate with an NIS server.
zsmon: Sun's naming convention for the port monitor that monitors a system's two serial ports. It is derived from the Zilog serial communications driver.