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Linker and Libraries Guide

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Index

Symbols


`/usr/lib`	18, 40, 42, 53
`/usr/lib/ld.so.1`	39

A


ABI (see Application Binary Interface)
Application Binary Interface	4, 80
.....building a conformingapplication	15
ar(1)	12
archives	14
.....inclusion of shared objects in	71
.....link-editor processing	12
.....multiple passes through	12
.....naming conventions	14
as(1)	2

B


base address	135
binding	1
.....lazy	46

C


cc(1)	1, 2, 9
COMMON	107
compilation environment	1, 4, 14, 68

D


data representation	99
debugging aids
.....link-editing	34
.....runtime linking	62
dlclose(3X)	51
dlerror(3X)	51
`dlfcn.h`	52
dlopen(3X)	40, 51, 52 to 58
.....effects of ordering	57
.....modes
............`RTLD_GLOBAL`	58
............`RTLD_LAZY`	54
............`RTLD_NOW`	54
.....shared object naming conventions	69
dlsym(3X)	40, 51, 58 to 61
.....special handle (see`RTLD_NEXT`)
dump(1)	5, 41, 44, 83, 85
dynamic executables	2, 3
dynamic information tags
.....`NEEDED`	41
.....`RPATH`	42
.....`SONAME`	70
.....`TEXTREL`	85
dynamic linking	4


.....implementation	124 to 129, 143

E


ELF	2, 7
ELF (see also object files)	97
elf(3E)	5
environment variables
.....`LD_BIND_NOT`	65
.....`LD_BIND_NOW`	46, 64
.....`LD_DEBUG`	62
.....`LD_LIBRARY_PATH`	17, 42, 53, 77
.....`LD_OPTIONS`	10, 35
.....`LD_PRELOAD`	48
.....`LD_RUN_PATH`	19
error messages
.....link-editor
............illegal argument to option	10
............illegal option	10
............incompatible options	11
............multiple instances of anoption	10
............multiply defined symbols	27
............relocations against non-writablesections	86
............shared object name conflicts	72
............soname conflicts	72
............symbol warnings	25, 26
............undefined symbols	28
............undefined symbols from animplicit reference	29
.....runtime linker
............copy relocation sizedifferences	95
............relocation errors	47
............unable to find shared object	43, 53
............unable to locate symbol	60
exec(2)	7, 39, 98
executable and linking format	2, 7

F


f77(1)	9
filters (see shared objects)

G


generating a shared object	30
generating an executable	28
generating the output file image	33
global offset table	34, 44, 85, 155 to 156
global symbols	120 to 122

I


initialization and termination	9, 19, 50
input file processing	11
interposition	23, 45, 49, 61
interpreter (see also runtime linker)

L


lazy binding	46
ld(1)	1, 2
`ld.so.1`	1, 39
`LD_BIND_NOT`	65
`LD_BIND_NOW`	46, 64
`LD_DEBUG`	62
`LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT`	63
`LD_LIBRARY_PATH`	17, 42, 53, 77
`LD_OPTIONS`	10, 35
`LD_PRELOAD`	48
`LD_RUN_PATH`	19
ldd(1)	5, 41, 43, 45, 47
`libld.so.1`	52
libraries
......archives	14
......naming conventions	14
......shared	124, 129, 143
link-editing	2, 119 to 129, 143
......adding additional libraries	14
......dynamic	124 to 129, 143
......input file processing	11
......library input processing	11
......library linking options	11
......mixing shared objects andarchives	15
......multiply defined symbols	121 to 122


link-editor	1, 7
.....archive processing	12
.....debugging aids	34
.....direct invocation	9
.....invoking directly	8
.....invoking using compiler driver	9
.....overview	7
.....position of files on command line	16
.....search paths	16, 17
.....sections	7
.....segments	7
.....shared object processing	13
.....specifying options	10
link-editor options
.....`-a`	184
.....`-B`	15, 184
.....`-D`	35
.....`-d`	183, 184
.....`-e`	34
.....`-F`	78
.....`-G`	67
.....`-h`	70, 76, 185
.....`-i`	18
.....`-L`	17, 183
.....`-l`	11, 14, 42, 68, 74, 183
.....`-M`	8, 165
.....`-m`	14, 24
.....`-R`	19, 77, 185
.....`-r`	184
.....`-s`	33
.....`-t`	25, 26
.....`-u`	32
.....`-Y`	17
.....`-z defs`	30
.....`-z muldefs`	27
.....`-z nodefs`	28, 47
.....`-z text`	86, 184
link-editor output
.....dynamic executables	2
.....relocatable objects	2
.....shared objects	2
.....static executables	2
local symbols	120 to 122
lorder(1)	13, 36

M


mapfiles	165 to 181
......defaults	175
......error messages	179
......example	173
......map structure	176
......mapping directives	171
......segment declarations	167
......size-symbol declarations	173
......structure	166
......syntax	166
......usage	166
mmap(2)	39
multiply defined symbols	33, 120 to 122

N


naming conventions
......archives	14
......libraries	14
......shared objects	14, 68
`NEEDED`	41
nm(1)	5, 83

O


object files	2, 97
......base address	135
......data representation	99
......global offset table (see global offsettable)
......note section	138 to 140
......program header	132 to 140
......program interpretor (see programinterpretor)
......program linking,?? to129
......program loading	140
......relocation	124 to 129, 155
......section alignment	109
......section attributes	113 to 117
......section header	106 to 117
......section names	117
......section types	110 to 117
......segment contents	137 to 138
......segment permissions	136 to 137


.....segment types	133 to 135
.....string table	118 to 119
.....symbol table	119 to 124

P


paging	140 to 143
performance
.....allocating buffers dynamically	89
.....collapsing multiple definitions	88
.....improving locality of references	90
.....maximizing shareability	86
.....minimizing data segment	87
.....position-independent code (seeposition-dependent code)
.....relocations	90
.....the underlying system	84
.....using automatic variables	89
position-independent code	85, 146 to 154, 155
procedure linkage table	34, 46, 85
program interpreter	39, 147
.....(see also runtime linker)

R


relocatable objects	2
relocation	43 to 48, 90 to 95, 124 to 129
.....copy	91
.....data references	46
.....function references	46
.....non-symbolic	44, 90
.....runtime linker
............symbol lookup	45, 46
.....symbolic	44, 90
`RPATH` (see also runpath)	42
`RTLD_GLOBAL`	58
`RTLD_LAZY`	54
`RTLD_NEXT`	58
`RTLD_NOW`	54
runpath	18, 42, 53, 65, 77
runtime environment	4, 14, 68
Runtime Linker	147
runtime linker	1, 3
......adding additional objects	48
......adding additional shared objects	52
......initialization and terminationroutines	50
......lazy binding	46
......programming interface (see alsodlopen(3X) family ofroutines)	50
......relocation processing	43
......search paths	18, 40
......shared object processing	40
runtime linking	3

S


SCD (see SPARC Compliance Definition)
search paths
......link-editor	16
......runtime linker	18, 40
section types
.......bss	7, 91
.......data	7, 87
.......dynamic	33, 39, 41
.......dynstr	33
.......dynsym	33
.......fini	19, 50
.......got	34, 44
.......init	19, 50
.......interp	39
.......plt	34, 46
.......rodata	87
.......strtab	7, 33
.......symtab	7, 33
.......text	7
sections	7, 82
......(see also section types)
segments	7, 82
......data	82, 84
......text	82, 84
shared libraries (see shared objects)
shared objects	2, 4, 40
......as filters	78
......building (see also performance)	67
......dependency ordering	77
......explicit definition	29


.....implementation	124 to 129, 143
.....implicit definition	29
.....link-editor processing	13
.....naming conventions	14, 68
.....recording a runtime name	69
.....versioning	73
.....with dependencies	76
SHN_ABS	123
SHN_COMMON	123
size(1)	81
`SONAME`	70
SPARC Compliance Definition	5
static executables	2
strings(1)	88
strip(1)	33
symbol reserved names	33
.....`_DYNAMIC`	33
.....`_edata`	33
.....`_end`	33
.....`_etext`	33
.....`_fini`	19
.....`_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_`	34
.....`_init`	19
.....`_PROCEDURE_LINKAGE_TABLE_`	34
.....`_start`	34
.....`main`	34
symbol resolution	20, 21, 33
.....complex	25
.....fatal	26
.....interposition	45
.....multiple definitions	13
.....simple	22
symbols
.....archive extraction	12
.....COMMON	21
.....defined	21
.....definition	12, 27
.....existance test	30
.....global	22
.....local	20
.....reference	12, 27
.....runtime lookup	54 to 62
............deferred	46
.....scope	54 to 58
......tentative	12, 21, 31
............ordering in the output file	31
......undefined	12, 21, 27, 28, 30
......weak	12, 22, 30

T


tentative symbols	12, 21
`TEXTREL`	85
tsort(1)	13, 36

U


undefined symbols	27

V


versioning
......shared objects	73
virtual addressing	140

W


weak symbols	22, 120 to 122
......undefined	30

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