............................Contents


Preface	xxix
New Features	xxxiii
1. Introduction to XGL	1
...Overview of XGL Functionality	1
......Direct Graphics Access	4
...Introduction to XGL Objects and Graphical Organization	6
......System State Object and Generic Operators	7
......Device Object	8
......2D and 3D Context Objects	9
......Color Map Object	10
......Transform Object	10
......Line Pattern Object	11
......Light Object	12
......Stroke Font Object	13
......Marker Object	13


......Pcache Object	13
......Gcache Object	14
......Texture Map Object and MipMap Texture Object	14
2. Installation Issues	15
...About the XGL Directory Structure	15
......Font Files	17
......XGL AnswerBook Directory Structure	18
...Setting XGL Environment Variables	18
...Verifying the Installation of XGL	19
...Installation and System Administrator Notes	19
......Debuggable XGL Runtime Library	19
......XGL Library and Reference Pipelines	20
......XGL and the PEXLib Library	20
......Solaris Security Feature and DGA	20
...Using the Solaris XGL AnswerBook	21
...Accessing the XGL Man Pages	21
3. Getting Started with XGL Programming	23
...Compiling and Running XGL Programs	23
......Run-time Considerations	25
......Using make(1) To Build XGL Example Programs	26
...Basic XGL Concepts	27
......XGL and the X Window System Environment	27
......How an XGL Application Works	30
......XGL Drawing Primitives	31


......Handling 2D and 3D Data	32
......More on XGL Object-Based Programming	34
...Example Program	37
......Creating the Window and Registering Callback Procedures	41
......Opening XGL	41
......Creating a Window Raster Device Object	41
......Creating a Context Object	42
......Rendering Geometry	42
...Objects Provided at XGL Initialization	43
...Programming Tips	44
......General Tips	44
......XView Tips	45
......OLIT Tips	46
4. System State Information and Generic Operators	47
...Introduction to the System State Object	47
...System State Operators	47
...System State Attributes	48
...Error Detection and Reporting	49
......Error Notification Function	50
......Error Types and Categories	51
...Generic XGL Operators	53
5. Devices	57
...Introduction to Device Objects	57
...Creating Device Objects	58


......Window Raster Device Object	59
......Stream Device Object	61
...Raster Object Attributes	62
......General Raster Attributes	62
......Window Raster Attributes	65
......Memory Raster Attributes	68
...CGM Device Object	70
......Creating a CGM Device	70
......Creating a Picture	72
......CGM Metafile Device Attributes	73
......XGL CGM Line Patterns	75
......XGL CGM Markers	76
...Important Notes on Integrating XGL with a Windowing System	77
......Mixing XGL and Xlib Drawing Routines	77
......Window Resize Events	78
...Device Example Programs	78
......XGL and Xlib	79
......XGL and the XView Toolkit	83
......XGL and the OLIT Toolkit	87
...Transparent Overlay Windows	90
......Creating an Overlay Window	90
......Rendering to an Overlay Window	94
...Determining Device Acceleration	97
......Inquire Example Program	99


6. Color	105
...Introduction to XGL Color	105
......Indexed Color Space	106
......RGB Color Space	106
......XGL Color Pipeline	106
...Introduction to the Color Map Object	108
...Creating a Color Map Object	108
...Color Tables	109
......Color Table Attributes	109
......Creating a Color Table	110
......Simple Color Table Example	111
...Color Table Ramps	114
......Creating Color Table Ramps	114
......Color Ramp Example	116
...Color Mapping	119
...Color Cubes	120
......Color Cube Example	121
...Dithering	124
...Using the Window System Color Map	124
...Color Map Double Buffering	126
......Color Map Double Buffering Example	126
7. Contexts	133
...Introduction to the XGL Context Object	133
...Creating a Context Object	134


...Context Object Operators	136
...Context Stacks	138
...Environment Context Attributes	138
......Context Attributes for Picking	140
......Context Attributes Associated with the View Model	141
......Context Attributes Associated with Lighting	141
8. Primitives and Graphics Context Attributes	143
...Introduction to XGL Drawing Primitives	143
......Description of Drawing Primitives	147
...Drawing Primitive Data Structures	151
......Point Types	151
......Point Lists	151
......Bounding Boxes	152
......Facet Structures	156
...Annotated Primitives	157
...Graphics Context Attributes	159
......General Rendering Attributes	160
......Context Accumulation Buffer Attributes	161
......Hidden Line/ Hidden Surface Removal (HLHSR)	162
......Context Line Attributes	163
......Context Marker Attributes	164
......Context Curve Attributes	165
......Context Surface Attributes	165
......Context Stroke Text Attributes	172


......Context Annotation Text Attributes	173
......Context View and Transform Attributes	174
......Context Paint Attributes	175
...Example Programs using XGL Primitives	178
......Polygon Example Program	178
......Rectangle Example Program	180
......Circle Example Program	183
...Raster Level Primitives	187
......Getting and Setting Pixel Values	187
......Copying Buffer Contents	187
...Raster Primitive Example Programs	189
......Example Program for Getting and Setting Pixels	189
......Example Program for Copying Pixels	191
...Accumulation Buffer	196
......Accumulation Operator	197
......Accumulation Attributes	199
......Accumulation Example	199
9. Rendering NURBS Curves and Surfaces with XGL	203
...Introduction to NURBS Curves and Surfaces	203
...NURBS Curves	204
......Mathematical Description of a NURBS Curve	204
......Rendering a NURBS Curve	207
......NURBS Curve Attributes	208
......Color Splines	211


...Curve Example Programs	211
......Bezier Curve Example Program	211
......Circle Curve Example Program	216
...NURBS Surfaces	221
......Mathematical Description of a NURBS Surface	221
......Rendering a NURBS Surface	223
......Surface Trimming	224
......Performance Hints for Simple Geometry	227
......NURBS Surface Attributes	228
......Color Surfaces	232
......Displaying Silhouettes on NURBS Surfaces	232
...Surface Example Program	233
...Using Geometry Cache for Curve and Surface Rendering	238
...Getting the Best Out of XGL NURBS	239
10. Transforms	241
...Introduction to the Transform Object	241
...Creating a Transform Object	242
...Transform Operators	242
......Rotation Operator	243
......Scaling Operator	244
......Translation Operator	244
......Reading and Writing Transforms	245
......Other Transform Operators	247
...Transform Attributes	250


...Examples Using the Transform Object	250
......2D Transform Examples	250
......3D Transform Example	260
11. View Model	265
...Introduction to the XGL Viewing Pipeline	265
......Coordinate Systems	266
...How to Use Transforms with the View Model	270
...Using XGL 2D and 3D Viewing	271
......Model Coordinate Space and Model Transforms	271
......World Coordinate Space and the View Transform	272
......Virtual Device Coordinate Space and the VDC Transform	273
......MC-to-DC Transform	276
......Model Clipping in 3D	277
......View Clipping	278
...View Example Program	279
......Usage Note	280
12. Stroke Text	287
...Introduction to the Stroke Font Object	287
...Fonts Provided by XGL	288
...Creating a Stroke Font Object	289
...Rendering Stroke Fonts	290
......Rendering Stroke Text	291
......Rendering Annotation Text	291
......Single String and Multiple String Rendering	292


...Stroke Font Attributes	294
...Context Stroke Text Attributes	295
......Character Height	295
......Character Expansion Factor	296
......Character Spacing	296
......Character Up Vector	297
......Character Slant Angle	297
......Text Path	298
......Text Alignment	299
......Text Color	301
......Text Precision	301
......Stroke Text Character Encoding	302
...Context Annotation Text Attributes	302
......Annotation Text Style	303
...Determining the Text Extent	303
...Text Encoding Schemes	305
...Stroke Font Example Program	308
13. Line Patterns	315
...Introduction to the Line Pattern Object	315
...Using the Predefined Line Patterns	316
...Creating a Line Pattern Object	317
...Defining a New Line Pattern	318
...Line Pattern Attributes	319
...Context Line Pattern Attributes	321


......Line Rendering with a Line Pattern	321
......Setting Line Color	322
......Edge Rendering with a Line Pattern	323
......Setting Edge Color	324
...Line Pattern Examples	324
......Patterned Line Example	324
......Line Pattern Polygon Edge Example	328
14. Markers	333
...Introduction to the Marker Object	333
...Using the Predefined Markers	334
...Creating a New Marker	335
...Context Marker Attributes	336
...Marker Example Programs	337
......Predefined Marker Example Program	337
......User-defined Marker Example Program	340
15. Picking	345
...Introduction to XGL Picking	345
...Picking Attributes	346
...XGL Picking Operators	348
......Clearing the Pick Buffer	348
......Identifying Picked Primitives	348
...Picking Example	349
16. Lighting, Shading, and Depth Cueing	355
...Introduction to the 3D Rendering Pipeline	355


......Lighting	355
......Shading	356
......Depth Cueing	356
......Surface Primitives	357
......The 3D Context in Lighting	357
...Basic Lighting and Shading Concepts	357
......Colors	357
......Reflection Components	358
......Light Sources	359
......Illumination and Shading	359
...Lighting Equations	360
......RGB Lighting	363
......Indexed Lighting	364
......XGL Lighting Attributes	366
...Creating a Light Object	367
...Light Operators and Attributes	369
......Light Operator	369
......Light Attributes	369
......3D Context Attributes for Lighting	370
...Depth Cueing	371
......Applications	371
......Linear Depth Cueing	372
......Scaled Depth Cueing	372
......Depth Cueing Attributes	373


...Lighting Examples	375
......Light Facet Example	375
......Light Vertex Example	380
......Linear Depth Cueing Example	382
......Scaled Depth Cueing Example	385
17. Caching Geometry	389
...Introduction to Geometry Caching in XGL	389
...Pcache Object	390
......Using Pcache Objects With Immediate Mode Applications	391
......Pcache Performance Considerations	392
......Creating and Rendering to a Pcache	392
......Displaying a Pcache	394
...Gcache Object	396
......When To Use a Gcache	396
......Creating a Gcache	397
......Rendering to a Gcache	397
......Gcache Attributes	399
......Displaying the Gcache	403
......Gcache Example Programs	404
18. Texture Mapping	409
...Overview of Texture Mapping	409
......MIP Maps	410
......Multiple Textures	410
...How Texture Mapping Works in XGL	411


......Overview Steps for Mapping a Texture to a Surface	411
...Defining the Texture Data	412
......Letting XGL Build the Mip Map	412
......Using an Application-Supplied MIP Map	417
......Additional MipMap Texture Attributes	417
...Specifying the Properties of the Texture	418
......Specifying Texture Properties with the Texture Map Object	419
......Associating the Texture Map Object with a 3D Context	427
......Additional Texture Map Attributes	427
......Specifying Texture Properties with the Data Map Texture
........Object	429
......Associating the Data Map Texture Object with a 3D Context	433
......Additional Data Map Texture Attributes	433
...Mapping the Texture to a Surface Primitive	435
......Using Data Point Types for Texture Mapping	435
...Texture Mapping Example Program	438
A. Changes to the XGL Library	449
...Changed Operators	449
...New Attributes	450
...Deleted Attributes	451
...New Data Structures	452
...Changed Data Structures	453
B. Software Rendering Characteristics	455
...Antialiasing	455


...Transparency	457
C. The Utility and Main Example Programs	459
......ex_utils.c	459
......color_ccube_main.c	471
......color_main.c	472
......copy_raster_main.c	474
......dcue_main.c	474
......gcache_main.c	476
......gspixel_main.c	477
......light_main.c	478
......lpat_main.c	480
......nurbs_main.c	481
......pick_2d_main.c	482
......prims_2d_main.c	483
......tran_main.c	484
......view_main.c	486
D. XGL Errors	493
...Device-Independent Nonrecoverable Errors	494
...Device-Independent Recoverable Errors	496
...GX Frame Buffer Errors	500
...Xlib/PEXlib Errors	500
A Glossary of XGL Terms	501
Index	511

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