File System Administration
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Index

Symbols

* metacharacter214
? metacharacter214

Numerics

4.3 Tahoe file system3

A

accessing remote drive129
adding
.....swap tovfstab163
administering quotas194, 201
administrative commands, file systems7
allocated inodes222
appending
.....files to a diskette (tar)74
.....files to a tape68
Archive tape drive124
archives, creating compatible (cpio)77
archiving files to multiple diskettes(cpio)76
arguments to mount command89
autofs21, 29
autofs maps29
automatic file sharing55
automount/home29
available disk space
.....monitoring171

B

back file system80
back files80
backfstype
.....mount argument89
backpath
.....mount argument89
backup
.....checking file systems110
.....choosing file systems to99
.....combining111
.....device names103
.....full112
.....incremental112, 128
.....individual files and directories(ufsdump)128
.....level 0112, 126
.....levels 1 through 9112
.....media, choosing102
.....nine-to-five schedule113
.....number of tapes125
.....preparing for121
.....reasons for95
.....record of incremental98
.....remote systems109, 130
.....root schedule116
.....saving tapes109
.....scheduling112
.....security issues112
.....standalone files100
.....troubleshooting130
.....using remote drive109, 128
.....when to run108
backup schedule
.....choosing115
.....for root116
.....nine-to-two-three-four-five114
.....three-four-five-six-to-two115
backup, server
.....server files100
bad block numbers223
bad inode number225
bad superblock
.....restoring258
bad superblock, restoring, restoring
.....bad superblock258
bar command
.....See alsocpio command
.....header format (cpio)65
.....retrieving files created with77
bcheckrc command
.....use offsck state flags218
block copy of file system59
block size20
blocks
.....bad223
.....boot19, 270, 271
.....data19
.....directory data224
.....displaying174
.....displaying total allocated (df)172
.....displaying used173
.....duplicate223
.....free273
.....indirect224
.....logical size275
.....regular data226
.....size20
......special inodes222
......storage19, 273
......storage or data270
......superblock19
boot block19, 270, 271
......installing37
booting
......modifying automatic checking253, 255
Bourne shell
......settingPATH variable211
......sourcing dot files211
BSD Fat Fast File system3
bytes, number per inode278

C

C shell
......settingpath variable for211
......sourcing dot files211
cached file systems79
......back file system80
......checking (fsck)91
......concepts79
......creating81
......deleting86
......displaying information about85
......front file system80
......maxblocks parameter82
......maxfiles parameter82
......minblocksparameter82
......minfilesparameter83
......modifying parameters84
......mount arguments89
......mounting86
......mounting a CD-ROM87
......parameters81
......setting parameters83
......setting up80
......threshblocks parameter82
......vfstabentries91
cachedir
......mount argument89
cacheid
......mount argument89
capacity of tapes137
cartridge tape
.....retensioning65
.....status66
causes of file system damage217
CD-ROM file systems, mounting51
cfsadmin command83
cfsadmin command81, 84, 86
character special inodes222
characters, wildcard214
checking
.....file size177, 178
.....file system size221
.....file systems255
.....file systems interactively256
.....format and type of inodes222
.....free blocks221
.....free inodes221
.....inode list for consistency221
.....modifying automatic boot253
.....quota consistency203
chgrp command215
chmod command214
chmod table of options214
chown command213
clearing/var/tmp189
clri command7
codes used byfuser53
command line, mounting from47
Command not found error message209
commands
.....executing212
.....file system-specific7
.....for monitoring files anddirectories176
.....generic file system7
.....swap167, 168
.....table of disk quota194
compatible archives, creating (cpio)77
configuring file systems for diskquotas198
consistency, checking quota203
controlling disk space with quotas193
copying
......all files in a directory to tape70
......complete file systems (dd)63
......data usingufsdump98
......directories between file systems64
......file systems (volcopy)61
......files58
......files to a diskette (tar)73
......files to diskette72
......files to tape (tar)67
......files to tape (tar,cpio)65
......files with different header format(cpio-H)76
......groups of files64
......individual files64
core files189
cpio command58, 64, 65, 69, 76
crash dumps
......deleting190
......removing190
crc header format (cpio)65
creating
......boot block37
......compatible archives (cpio)77
......entries in file system table42
......file system on diskette37
......file systems35
......hard links191
......loopback file system39
......mount point22, 42
......new file systems20
......swap file166
......symbolic links191
......temporary file system38
......UFS file system36
custom parameters for file systems274
cylinder groups19

D

damage to file systems217
data block19, 226, 270
data directory blocks224
dd command58, 63
default
...../ and/usr directories265, ?? to 270
.....file system for/tmp (TMPFS)4
.....mount options47, 52
.....quota time limit, changing198
.....SunOS file system12
.....tape drive densities104
delay, rotational20, 277
deleting
.....cached file systems86
.....core files189, 190
.....crash dumps190
.....list of inactive files187
.....temporary files188
densities, specifying tape drive104
detecting end-of-media (ufsdump)97, 137
determining
.....file system types9
.....restore tapes140
.....tape device name142
.....type of tape drive142
device names
.....backup103
.....command (devnm)10
.....disk13
.....diskette drive103
.....finding disk141
.....finding raw122
.....finding tape142
.....table of tape controller105
.....tape drive103
device to fsck field (vfstab)27
device to mount field (vfstab)27
devices
.....for disk-based file systems3
devnm command10, 122
/dev/rmt directory103
df command7, 172
.....options172
dfstab file30, 55
directories213
...../dev/rmt103
...../proc5
....../tmp4
....../var/crash190
......backing up individual(ufsdump)128
......changing permissions213
......commands for monitoring176
......copying between file systems64
......copying files to tape70
......default/ and/usr265 to 270
......disconnected226
......displaying size181
......displaying size of182
......finding large180
......inodes222
......unallocated blocks225
disabling
......quotas for individual users203
disconnected directories226
disk device name, finding141
disk names
......understanding13
disk partition information, displaying(df)172
disk quotas195
......administering201
......configuring file systems for198
......table of commands194
disk slice14
......formatting14
......getting information15
disk space
......controlling with quotas193
......displaying
............percent capacity174
............used174
......finding large users of182
......monitoring171
disk use
......finding (du)180
......reporting on204
disk-based file systems3
diskette
......appending files to (tar)74
......archiving files to multiple (cpio)76
.....copying files to72
.....copying files to (tar)73
.....creating file system on37
.....ejecting72
.....listing files on (tar)74
.....retrieving files from (tar)75
diskette drive, device name103
displaying
.....blocks and files174
.....current search path210
.....percent capacity of disk174
.....size of directories181, 182
.....swap space165
.....total blocks allocated (df)172
.....used blocks and files173
.....used disk space174
.....user allocation of space183
doing incremental backups128
DOS file system3
dot files
.....sourcing for Bourne shell211
.....sourcing for C shell211
.....sourcing for Korn shell211
du command180
dump command
.....See alsoufsdump command
.....incompatibility151
dumpdates file98
duplicate blocks223

E

echo $PATH command210
editing
.....quotas196
edquota command196, 198
ejecting a diskette72
Emulex MT-02 tape drive124
end-of-media detection (ufsdump)97, 137
end-of-media recognition (cpio)64
entries, creating in file system table42
error messages
......fsck226 to 253
Exabyte tape drive124
example
......backup strategy for a server117
......copying file systems (volcopy)61
......creating aufs file system37
......finding large files179
......format command16
......full backup127
......number of tapes for backup125
......restoring bad superblock259
......restoring complete file system144
......restoring files interactively148
......tar67
......vfstab file entries43
executing a command212
/export/home directory12
exporting files,See sharing
extended fundamental types (UFS filesystem)13

F

FDFS file system6
ff command7
FIFO inodes222
FIFOFS file system6
file size, maximum18
file system table
......creating entries42
......virtual26
file systems
....../12
....../export/home12
....../opt13
....../proc13
....../usr12
....../var12
......4.3 Tahoe3
......administrative commands7
......BSD Fat Fast3
......cached79
......checking255
......checking before backup110
.....checking interactively255, 256
.....checking size221
.....configuring for disk quotas198
.....copying (volcopy)61
.....copying complete (dd)63
.....creating loopback39
.....creating new20
.....creating on diskette37
.....creating UFS36
.....custom parameters274
.....cylinder group struct270
.....damage to217
.....default SunOS12
.....definition of1
.....devices for disk-based3
.....disk-based3
.....DOS3
.....FDFS6
.....FIFOFS6
.....finding mounted41
.....finding raw device names122
.....finding types9
.....finding types (fstyp)11
.....finding users184
.....fixing260
.....High Sierra3
.....ISO 96603
.....labeling59
.....literal (block) copy59
.....LOFS5, 39
.....loopback5
.....making available21
.....manual pages9
.....mount point8
.....mount table25
.....mounting21
.....mounting by type47
.....mounting NFS49
.....moving directory trees between192
.....NAMEFS6
.....network-based3
.....PC3
.....planning UFS19
.....preening257, 258
.....process5
.....PROCFS5
......pseudo4
......reasons for inconsistencies219
......reducing overloaded186
......requirements for mounting22
......restoring complete142, 143
......root full130
......sharing21, 29, 55
......SPECFS7
......special device8
......specific commands7
......SWAPFS7
......syntax of generic commands8
......table (vfstab)21, 26
......table of administrative commands7
......terminating all processes53
......TMPFS4
......total size of UFS18
......types of2, 8
......UFS3
......understanding UFS13
......UNIX3
......unmounting25, 53, 54
......which to back up99
......why you back up95
files
....../etc/default/fs9
....../etc/dfs/fstypes9
......appending to a diskette (tar)74
......appending to tape68
......archiving to multiple diskettes(cpio)76
......available in file system172
......back up100
......back up, standalone100
......changing ownership213
......changing permissions213
......checking size177, 178
......commands for monitoring176
......copying all to tape70
......copying groups of64
......copying individual64
......copying to diskette72, 73
......copying to tape (tar)67
......deleting list of inactive187
......deleting old or inactive187
.....displaying for UFS file system174
.....displaying used173
.....finding inactive185
.....finding large178
.....finding old185
.....for setting search path210
.....in the/proc directory6
.....linking191
.....listing on diskette (tar)74
.....listing on tape67, 70
.....maxmimum number of18
.....mnttab10
.....monitoring log176
.....number in file system172
.....number of278
.....restoring interactively147
.....restoring specific149
.....retrieving from diskette (tar)75
.....retrieving from tape69, 71
.....sharing29, 55
.....that grow176
.....truncating growing186
.....vmcore.n190
filesystem type, determining9
find command185
finding
.....all tape drives125
.....core files190
.....current search path210
.....disk device name141
.....disk slice information15
.....large directories180
.....large files178
.....large space users182
.....mounted file systems41
.....number of tapes for backup125
.....old files185
.....problems with search paths209
.....raw device names for filesystems122
.....restore tapes140
.....tape device name142
.....tape drive type124
.....type of file system9
.....user allocation of space183
......users of file system space184
fixing bad file systems260
floppy diskette,Seediskette
format command15, 16
format of inodes, checking222
formats, header (cpio)65
formatting
......disk slice14
fragment size19, 20, 275
free blocks273
......checking221
free inodes, checking221
free space, minimum20, 276
front file system80
fs file9
FS type field (vfstab)27
FSACTIVE state flag (fsck)218
FSBAD state flag (fsck)219
fsck command7, 218
......checking free blocks221
......checking free inodes221
......checking inode list size221
......checking superblock220
......conditions to repair219
......error messages226 to 253
......FSACTIVE state flag218
......FSBAD state flag219
......FSCLEAN state flag218
......FSSTABLE state flag218
......preening257
......state flags218
......syntax and options260 to 263
......table of state flag conditions219
......using interactively255
fsck pass field (vfstab)27, 253
FSCLEAN state flag (fsck)218
fsdb command7
FSSTABLE state flag (fsck)218
fstab file,Seevfstab file
fstyp command7, 11
fstypes file9
full backup112
full root file system130
fuser command53

G

gap,See rotational delay
generic file system commands7
grep command9
group ownership
.....changing for a file215
groups, cylinder19
growing files, truncating186

H

hard limit (quotas)193
hard links191
header format
.....copying files with different(cpio-H)76
.....cpio65
.....crc65
.....odc65
.....tar65
.....ustar65
High Sierra file system3
High Sierra file systems
.....mounting51
/home, automounted29
how many tapes for backup125
HSFS,SeeHigh Sierra file system

I

inactive files
.....deleting187
.....finding185
inconsistencies in file systems219
incorrect . and .. entries225
incremental backup98, 112, 128
indirect blocks224
information
.....disk slice15
initializing quotas200
inode list size221
inode states
......allocated222
......partially allocated222
......unallocated222
inodes19, 270, 272
......bad number225
......block special222
......character special222
......checking format and type222
......directory222
......FIFO222
......link count222
......number of20
......number of bytes per278
......regular222
......size224
......symbolic link222
installing boot block37
interactive
......checking file systems255, 256
......commands forrestore154
......restore147
ISO 9660 file system3

K

keeping backup tapes109
keyword=value pairs63
killing all processes for a file system53
Korn shell
......settingPATH variable211
......sourcing dot files211
......whence command212

L

labeling file systems59
labelit command7, 58, 59, 60
level 0 backup112, 126
levels 1 through 9 backup112
limit
......hard (quotas)193
.....size (UFS file system)18
.....soft (quotas)193
link count of inodes222
links191
listing
.....files on a diskette (tar)74
.....files on a tape67, 70
ln command191
local file systems, mounting46
local-accesa
.....mount command argument90
LOFS file systems5, 39
log
.....record of dumps98
log files
.....list of176
.....monitoring176
logical block size19, 275
loopback file system5
.....creating39
.....mounting43
lost+found directory218

M

magnetic tape cartridge
.....retensioning65
.....rewinding66
.....status66
maintaining tape drives107
manual pages, file system commands9
maps
.....autofs29
maxblocks
.....cfsadmin parameter82
maxfiles
.....cfsadmin parameter82
maximum file size18
maximum number of files18
media, choosing backup102
memory storage, virtual160
metacharacters214
.....using withtar command67
minblocks
......cfsadmin parameter82
minfiles
......cfsadmin parameter83
minimum free space20, 276
mkfile command166, 167
mkfs command7, 35, 36
mntopts field of/etc/mnttab196
mnttab file10, 25
modifying automatic boot checking253, 255
monitoring
......disk space171
......files and directories, commands176
......log files176
mount command7, 10, 28, 42
mountcommand arguments89
mount options field (vfstab)28
mount point8
......creating22, 42
mount point field (vfstab)27
mount table25
mountall command7, 28, 45
mounted file systems, finding41
mounting
......all files invfstab file45
......CD-ROM file systems51
......file systems21
......file systems automatically29
......file systems by type47
......from a command line47
......High Sierra file systems51
......local file systems46
......LOFS file systems43
......NFS file systems43, 49
......PCFS file systems52
......remote file systems46
......requirements22
......s5fs file systems52
......table of optionsnfs50
......table of options UFS49
......UFS file systems43
......using default options47, 52
mounting a CD-ROM as a cached filesystem87
mounting cached file systems86
mounting file systems22
moving directory trees between filesystems192
mt command65, 124

N

NAMEFS file system6
ncheck command7
network
.....recognizing access problems215
network-based file systems3
new file systems, creating20
newfs command35, 36, 278
.....parameters20
NFS29
NFS file systems
.....mounting43
NFS server, definition of30
nine-to-five backup schedule113
nine-to-two-three-four-five backupschedule114
noconst
.....mountcommand argument90
non-shared
.....mountcommand argument90

O

odc header format (cpio)65
old files185
.....deleting187
.....finding185
optimization type20
.....space277
.....time277
options
.....fordu180
.....formkfile167
.....forufsrestore152
......mount, table of NFS50
......mount, table of UFS49
......tape, no rewind104
......tape, rewind104
......ufsdump command131
overloaded file systems, reducing186
ownership
......changing213
......changing file group215
......troubleshooting problems with212
......why it changes213

P

parameters
......file system custom274
......UFS file system20
parameters used bynewfs20
partially allocated inodes222
partition
......displaying information (df)172
......swap160
partition command15
path
......displaying current210
......recognizing problems with209
......troubleshooting210
......verifying search211
PC file system3
PCFS file system
......mounting52
percent capacity, displaying disk174
permissions
......changing213
......read/write214
......troubleshooting problems with212
planning
......backup schedule112
......swap area20
......UFS file systems19
polling system for tape drives125
preening file systems257, 258
preparing for backup121
preparing to restore139
print volume table of contents17
problems with permission andownership212
problems with search paths209
/proc directory5, 13
process file system5
PROCFS file system5
prototype quotas, using200
prtvtoc command17
pseudo file systems4

Q

QIC format tape drive107
QIC-150 tape drive124
QIC-24 tape drive124
quot command182, 205
quota command204
quotacheck command200, 204
quotaoff command196, 202
quotaon command196, 201
quotas193
.....administering194, 201
.....changing default time limit198
.....changing for individual users203
.....changing soft time limits202
.....checking consistency203
.....configuring file systems for198
.....disabling for individual users203
.....editing196
.....hard limit193
.....how they work195
.....how users are affected195
.....initializing200
.....reporting on204
.....setting up194
.....setting up user199
.....soft limit193
.....table of commands194
.....turning off202
.....turning on201
.....using prototype200
.....what they do193
quotas file195, 198

R

rack-mounted tape drives106
rdist command58
read/write permissions214
recognizing network access problems215
record of dumps98
record of incremental backup98
recylinder group, structure of270
reducing overloaded file systems186
regular inodes222
remote drive
......accessing129
......restoring from150
......using for backups128
remote file systems, mounting46
remote systems, backup130
removing
......core files189
......crash dumps190
......old or inactive files187
......swap file from use168
reporting on quotas204
repquota command204
requirements for mounting a filesystem22
restore
......complete file system143
......finding tapes140
......from remote drive150
......interactive commands154
......interactively147
......preparing to139
......specific files149
......type of tape drive142
......using matching commands150
restore command,Seeufsrestorecommand
restoring bad superblock258
retensioning magnetic tape cartridge65
retrieving
.....files created wthbar command77
.....files from a tape69, 71
.....files from diskette (tar)75
.....files from tape71
rewinding magnetic tape cartridge66
rm command187
Rock Ridge extension (HSFS filesystem)3
root (/) file system12
root file system
.....full130
rotational delay20, 277

S

saving backup tapes109
scheduling backups108, 112
SCSI tape drives107
.....maximum number105
search path
.....displaying current210
.....files for setting210
.....recognizing problems with209
.....troubleshooting210
.....verifying211
security issues, backup112
server files to back up100
setting
.....PATH variable for Bourne shell211
.....path variable for C shell211
.....PATH variable for Korn shell211
.....size limit on temporary filesystem38
setting up
.....quotas194
.....user quotas199
share command30
shareall command30
sharing
.....file systems21
.....files29, 30, 55
showing total blocks allocated (df)172
size
......checking file177, 178
......checking file system221
......displaying directory181, 182
......fragment19, 275
......inode224
......logical block19
size limit, temporary file system38
size of UFS file systems18
size restrictions (UFS file system)18
slice
......disk14
......formatting14
soft limit (quotas)193
source command211
sourcing
......Bourne shell dot files211
......C shell dot files211
......Korn shell dot files211
space
......displaying user allocation183
......finding large users of182
......optimization type277
SPECFS file system7
special device8
specifying tape drive densities104
standalone, files to back up100
state flag
......fsck218
......table offsck conditions219
......UFS file systems13
status
......magnetic tape cartridge66
stopping
......all processes for a file system53
storage block19, 270, 273
storage capacities, media102
storage, virtual memory160
streaming tape commands65
structure of cylinder groups270
SunOS default file system12
superblock19, 220, 270, 271
......restoring bad258
swap
.....displaying existing165
swap area20
swap command166, 167, 168
swap file
.....adding tovfstab163
.....creating166
.....removing from use168
swap partition160
swapadd command163
SWAPFS file system7
symbolic link191
.....creating191
.....inodes222
syntax
.....dd command63
.....fsck command260 to 263
.....generic file system commands8
.....newfs278
.....remote drive backup109
Sysgen tape drive124
system
.....finding tape drives125

T

table
.....commands for copying files58
.....default SunOS file system12
.....disk quota commands194
.....file system administrativecommands7
.....fsck state flag conditions219
.....fuser codes53
.....interactive commands forufsrestore154
.....media storage capacities102
.....mount25
.....mount options NFS50
.....mount options UFS49
.....options fordf172
.....options fordu180
.....options formkfile167
.....options forufsdump132
......options forufsrestore152
......SCSI tape drive density107
......tape capacity137
......tape controller device names105
tail command186
tape
......appending files to68
......capacity137
......characteristics137
......combining backup111
......commands65
......copying all files in a directory70
......copying files to (tar,cpio)65
......listing files on67, 70
......no rewind option104
......retrieving files from69, 71
......rewind option104
......sizes102
......storage capacities102
tape controller, table of device names105
tape drive
......Archive124
......default densities104
......determining type for restore142
......device names103
......Emulex MT-02124
......Exabyte124
......finding all125
......finding type124
......maintaining107
......maximum SCSI105
......QIC format107
......QIC-150124
......QIC-24124
......rack-mounted106
......restoring from remote150
......SCSI107
......specifying densities104
......Sysgen124
......Wangtek124
......Xylogics 472124
tape, magnetic cartridge66
......retensioning65
......status66
tar command58, 65, 67, 74
tar header format (cpio)65
temporary file system4
.....creating38
.....setting size limit38
temporary files, deleting188
terminating all processes53
three-four-five-six-to-two backupschedule115
threshblocks
.....cfsadmin parameter82
time limit
.....changing quota default198
.....soft202
time, optimization type277
/tmp directory13
/tmp directory4
TMPFS file system4
troubleshooting
.....backup130
.....permission and ownershipproblems212
.....problems with search paths210
truncating files that grow186
turning off quotas202
turning on quotas201
type of file systems2, 8
.....mounting by47
type of inodes, checking222
type of tape drive, finding124

U

ufs command
.....displaying blocks and files174
UFS file system3, 13
.....cylinder groups19
.....extended fundamental types13
.....fragment size19
.....large file systems13
.....logical block size19
.....maximum file size18
.....maximum number of files18
.....mounting43
......parameters20
......size restrictions18
......state flags13
......total size18
ufsdump command96, 125
......advantages96
......copying data with98
......disadvantages97
......end-of-media detection97
......how it works97
......options and arguments131
ufsrestore command139, 143
......options and arguments151
umount command7, 28, 54
umountall command7, 28
unallocated directory blocks225
unallocated inodes222
UNIX file system3
unmounting file systems22, 25, 53, 54, 55
used disk space, displaying174
user quotas, setting up199
users
......affected by quotas195
......changing quotas for203
......disabling quotas for203
......displaying allocation of space183
......displaying file system184
......finding large space182
......setting up quotas with prototype200
/usr file system12
ustar header format (cpio)65

V

/opt directory13
/var directory12
/var/crash directory190
/var/tmp directory, clearing189
verifying the search path211
vfstab file9, 21, 22, 122, 163
......adding swap to163
......creating entries in42
......default26
.....device to fsck field27
.....device to mount field27
.....editing for quotas198
.....entry for loopback file system39
.....entry for temporary file system38
.....FS type field27
.....fsck pass field27
.....modifyingfsck pass253
.....mount at boot field28
.....mount options field28
.....mount point field27
.....mounting all files45
vfstab)28
virtual file system table26
virtual memory storage160
vmcore.n file190
volcopy command7, 58, 59, 61
volume name
.....assigning (labelit)60
.....finding (labelit)60
volume table of contents, print17

W

Wangtek tape drive124
whence command212
which command211, 212
wildcard characters214
write-around
.....mount command argument90

X

Xylogics 472 tape drive124