............................Contents


Preface	xix
*Part 1 --Administering File Systems*
1. Planning File Systems	1
...Types of File Systems	2
......Disk-Based File Systems	3
......Network-Based File Systems	3
......Pseudo File Systems	4
...File System Administration Commands	7
......Syntax of Generic Commands	8
......Manual Pages for Generic and Specific Commands	9
......How the File System Commands Determine the File System
........Type	9
......How to Find Out the Type of a File System	9
...The Default SunOS File Systems	12
...Understanding Disk Device Names	13
...Understanding the UFS File System	13


......Disk Slices	14
......Cylinder Groups	19
...Planning UFS File Systems	19
......File System Parameters	20
...Making File Systems Available	21
......Understanding Mounting and Unmounting	22
......The Automounter	29
......Sharing Files From a Server	29
2. Creating File Systems	35
...Creating a UFS File System on a Disk Slice	35
......Preparing to Create a UFS File System	36
......Installing a Boot Block on a UFS File System	37
...Creating a File System on a Diskette	37
...Creating a Temporary File System (TMPFS)	38
...Creating a Loopback File System	39
3. Mounting and Unmounting File Systems	41
...Finding Out Which File Systems Are Mounted	41
...Creating Entries in the File System Table	42
...Mounting File Systems in the File System Table	45
...Mounting File Systems From the Command Line	47
...Unmounting File Systems	53
...Sharing File Systems	55
......Examples of Automatic Sharing Entries in the
........`/etc/dfs/dfstab` File	56


4. Copying UFS Files and File Systems	57
...Commands for Copying File Systems	58
...Copying Complete File Systems	58
......Using the `labelit` and `volcopy` Commands	59
......Using the `dd` Command	63
......Using the `cpio` Command	64
...Copying Files and File Systems to Tape	65
......Useful Commands for Streaming Tape Cartridges	65
......Using the `tar` Command	67
......Using the `cpio` Command	69
...Copying Files and File Systems to Diskette	72
...Copying Files with a Different Header Format	76
...Retrieving Files Created With the `bar` Command	77
5. The Cache File System	79
...Cache File System Concepts	79
......Resource Management	80
......Front File System Requirements	80
......Setting Up a Cached File System	80
...Administering a Cache	81
......Creating a Cache	81
......Cache Parameters	81
......Setting Cache Parameters	83
......Modifying Parameters	84
......Displaying Information About Cached File Systems	85


......Deleting Cached File Systems	86
...Mounting a Cached File System	86
......Using `mount` to Mount a Cached File System	87
......Creating a `vfstab` Entry for Cached File Systems	91
...Checking a Cached File System	91
*Part 2 --Backup and Restore*
6. Planning a Backup Strategy	95
...Why You Back Up File Systems	95
...Understanding the `ufsdump` Command	96
......Advantages of `ufsdump`	96
......Disadvantages of `ufsdump`	97
......How `ufsdump` Works	97
...Choosing Which File Systems to Back Up	99
......File Systems to Back Up on a Standalone System	100
......File Systems to Back Up on a Server	100
...Choosing Which Media to Use	102
......Backup Device Names	103
......Guidelines for Drive Maintenance and Media Handling	107
...Considering Other Issues	108
......When to Run Backups	108
......How Long to Save Backups	109
......How to Back Up Files to a Remote Drive	109
......Do You Need to Become Superuser?	110
......Should You Check File Systems Before a Full Backup?	110


......Do You Want to Put Multiple Backups on the Same Tape?	111
......Where Do the Files Reside?	111
......How Do You Backup on a Heterogeneous Network?	111
......What Are the Security Issues?	112
...Planning a Backup Schedule	112
7. Backing Up Files and File Systems	121
...Preparing to Do Backups	121
...Doing Complete Backups	126
...Doing Incremental Backups	128
...Backing Up Individual Files and Directories	128
...Using a Remote Drive to Do Backups	128
...Doing Backups on Remote Systems	130
...Troubleshooting When the Root File System Fills Up	130
...Options and Arguments for the `ufsdump` Command	131
......Default Command Options	132
......Options for the `ufsdump` Command	132
8. Restoring Files and File Systems	139
...Preparing to Restore Files and File Systems	139
......Determining Which Tapes to Use	140
......Determining the Disk Device Name	141
......Determining the Type of Tape Drive You Will Use	142
......Determining the Tape Device Name	142
...Restoring Complete File Systems	142
......Synopsis of Steps	142


...Restoring Individual Files and Directories	146
...Using a Remote Drive to Restore Files	150
...Troubleshooting	150
......Make Sure the Backup and Restore Commands Match	150
......Check to Make Sure You Have the Right Current Directory	151
......Use the Old `restore` Command to Restore Multivolume
........Diskette Backups	151
...Options and Arguments for the `ufsrestore` Command	151
......Command Syntax	151
......Options and Arguments	152
*Part 3 --Configuring Swap Space and Managing Disk Use*
9. Configuring Additional Swap Space	159
...About Swap Space	159
......Swap Space and Virtual Memory	160
......Swap Space and the `tmpfs` File System	161
...How Do I Know If I Need More Swap Space?	162
......Swap-Related Error Messages	162
......`tmpfs`-Related Error Messages	162
...How Swap Space is Allocated	163
......The `/etc/vfstab` File	163
...Planning for Swap Space	164
...Monitoring Swap Resources	165
...Adding More Swap Space	166
......Creating a Swap File	166


...Removing a Swap File From Use	168
10. Managing Disk Use	171
...Monitoring Available Disk Space	171
......Using the `df` Command	172
...Monitoring Files and Directories	176
......Monitoring System Log Files That Grow	176
......Finding Large Files	178
......Finding Large Directories	180
......Finding Large Space Users	182
......Finding Old and Inactive Files	185
...Reducing Overloaded File Systems	186
......Truncating Files That Grow	186
......Deleting Old or Inactive Files	187
......Clearing Out Temporary and Obsolete Files	188
......Deleting `core` Files	189
......Removing Crash Dump Files	190
......Creating Links Instead of Duplicating Files	191
......Moving Directory Trees Between File Systems	192
...Controlling Disk Space With Quotas	193
......Setting Up and Administering Quotas	194
......How Quotas Affect Users	195
......How Disk Quotas Work	195
......Administering Disk Quotas	201
*Part 4 --Troubleshooting*


11. Recognizing File Access Problems	209
...Recognizing Problems With Search Paths	209
...Recognizing Problems With Permission and Ownership	212
...Recognizing Problems With Network Access	215
12. Checking File System Integrity	217
...Understanding How the File System State Is Recorded	218
...What `fsck` Checks and Tries to Repair	219
......Why Inconsistencies May Occur	219
......The UFS Components That Are Checked for Consistency.	220
...Error Messages	226
......General `fsck` Error Messages	227
......Initialization Phase `fsck` Messages	229
......Phase 1: Check Blocks and Sizes Messages	232
......Phase 1B: Rescan for More DUPS Messages	236
......Phase 2: Check Path Names	236
......Phase 3: Check Connectivity Messages	244
......Phase 4: Check Reference Counts Messages	247
......Phase 5: Check Cylinder Groups Messages	251
......Cleanup Phase Messages	252
...Modifying Automatic Boot Checking	253
......The `/etc/vfstab` File	253
...Interactively Checking and Repairing a UFS File System	255
......Preening UFS File Systems	257
...Restoring a Bad Superblock	258


......How to Fix a UFS File System `fsck` Cannot Repair	260
...Syntax and Options for the `fsck` Command	260
......Generic `fsck` Command Syntax, Options, and Arguments	261
A. File System Reference	265
...Default Directories for `/` and `/usr` File Systems	265
...The Structure of UFS File System Cylinder Groups	270
......The Boot Block	271
......The Superblock	271
......Inodes	272
......Storage Blocks	273
......Free Blocks	273
...Deciding on Custom File System Parameters	274
......Logical Block Size	275
......Fragment Size	275
......Minimum Free Space	276
......Rotational Delay (Gap)	277
......Optimization Type	277
......Number of Bytes per Inode	278
...Commands for Creating a Customized File System	278
......The `newfs` Command Syntax, Options, and Arguments	278
......The Generic `mkfs` Command	281
B. Bibliography	283
Glossary	285
Index	295

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