About Setting Up Printing Services

The instructions in this chapter describe how to use Printer Manager, a graphical user interface for setting up print services:

Most of your needs for setting up printing services--adding printers to servers or adding access from print clients to remote printers on print servers--should be met by Printer Manager. If you have special needs, like writing scripts, you may want to use the LP print service commands (which underlie Printer Manager) directly.

The background information presented before the instructions--except the overview of Printer Manager--applies whether you use Printer Manager or the LP print service command-line interface.

Before Using Administration Tool

The following hardware and software requirements must be met before you use Administration Tool:

• SunOS 5.x Printer Manager software on SunOS 5.x print servers and print clients.
• A bit-mapped display monitor. Administration Tool's applications can be used only on a system where the console is a bit-mapped screen.
• OpenWindows software. Start OpenWindows, if necessary, by typing /usr/openwin/bin/openwin and pressing return.

Required Privileges for Setting Up Printers

Table 3-1 describes the required privileges for setting up printers.

Table 3-1

To Set Up Printers Using the	The Required Access Privileges Are:
/etc files	Root access or membership in the sysadmin group (GID=14) on the local or remote system.
NIS+ printers table	· Membership in the sysadmin group (GID=14) in the NIS+ group table. · Read permissions on the NIS+ printers table (see Name Services Administration Guide) to be able to use the Show NIS+ Printers option. · Create and destroy permissions on the NIS+ printers table to be able to use the Register with NIS+ option. NIS+ permissions are granted by membership in an NIS+ group.

Using Administration Tool

Start Administration Tool from an OpenWindows window as follows.

$ admintool &

Types of Print Clients and Print Servers

Most likely, your overall goal for setting up printers on a network is to give users on different systems access to one or more printers. Your network may include many systems, some of which may be running SunOS 5.x system software, while others may be running SunOS 4.1 software.

You need to decide which systems will have local printers directly cabled to them, and which systems will connect to printers over the network. The system that has the printer connected to it and makes the printer available to other systems is called a print server. The system that has its printing needs met by a print server is called a print client.

The following figure illustrates the different types of print client and print server combinations.

Figure 3-1

You can have the following client-server combinations:

• SunOS 5.x print clients with a SunOS 5.x print server
• SunOS 5.x and SunOS 4.1 print clients with a SunOS 5.x print server
• SunOS 5.x and SunOS 4.1 print clients with a SunOS 4.1 print server

This chapter focuses on setting up printing services using Printer Manager, an Administration Tool application, which interfaces with the SunOS 5.x LP print service. However, print clients installed with SunOS 5.x system software can take advantage of existing print servers running SunOS 4.1 system software, and print clients installed with SunOS 4.1 system software can become clients of print servers running SunOS 5.x.

The procedures--using Printer Manager--for setting up print servers or clients running SunOS 5.x system software are described in this chapter. The procedures for setting up print servers or clients running SunOS 4.1 system software are summarized in Appendix A. SunOS 4.1 print servers and clients are fully described in the SunOS 4.1 documentation.

Using Printer Manager

Printer Manager is a Administration Tool application that enables you to set up print servers and print clients.

Printer Manager has three top-level menus:

• View - Show and find printers
• Edit - Add, modify, and delete printers
• Goto - Change system on which to view or edit printers

Under the Edit menu, the Add Printer option has two main functions:

• Adding a local printer
• Adding access to a remote printer

The following figure illustrates Printer Manager's graphical user interface.

The Add Local Printer option (under Add Printer) lets you define the characteristics of a printer on the local system to which it is (or will be) connected. In addition, Add Local Printer enables the system to which the printer is connected to function as a print server on the network.

The Add Access to Remote Printer option (under Add Printer) lets you set up a system as a print client of a print server system.

You can also use Printer Manager to modify or delete the information that defines a printer as local or remote to a specific system.

Because Printer Manager is a distributed application, you can use it from one system to add, modify, or delete printers on other systems. All systems to be administered this way must have Printer Manager installed. Consequently, you cannot use Printer Manager to set up a system that has SunOS 4.1 software or has a non-SunOS version of SVR4 software as a print server or print client. However, you can set up a system that has Printer Manager installed as a print client of an existing SunOS 4.1 print server.

Distributed changes require you to run Administration Tool under your own user name, not as root. In addition, you must be a member of the sysadmin group (GID 14) on every system you modify. However, you can add access to a remote printer from your local system without having to be in the sysadmin group in effect on the print server.

You can perform local changes to your own system, running Administration Tool as local root. In this case, you do not need to be a member of the sysadmin group. In fact, you should not create or change the sysadmin group in your local /etc/group file, unless you intentionally want to allow or disallow others (network-wide administrators) from administering your system using Administration Tool.

The Goto option allows you to specify the target system, from whose perspective the available local and remote printers are listed and to which local or remote printers can be added. Printer Manager automatically reaches across the network and changes configuration information on the target system.

Printer Manager also helps you track of all the printers available across the network in various domains if you have NIS+ software. As you add printers, you can build an NIS+ table listing the printers. Then when you want to see which printers are available, you can use the Show NIS+ Printers option. (You must run Administration Tool under your own user name, not as local root.)

Network Prerequisites for Setting Up Printing

To set up print servers and clients, you must have a network that enables access among systems. If your network is running NIS+ software, see Name Services Administration Guide for instructions to enable access between systems. If your network is not running NIS or NIS+, make sure the Internet address and system name for each client system is included in the /etc/hosts file on the print server. Also, the Internet address and system name for the print server must be included in the /etc/hosts file of each print client system.

In addition, to use Printer Manager to set up SunOS 5.x print servers and clients, Printer Manager software must reside on both the servers and clients.

Local Printer Setup

You generally perform the following tasks to set up a local printer:

• Physically connect the printer to the system.
• Set the printer switches and/or configure baud rate, port, and other settings.
• Plug the printer into a power outlet.
• Define the characteristics of the printer to the LP print service (using Printer Manager).

Consult the printer vendor's documentation and the installation documentation for your system for information you may need to perform the first three tasks. The last task is described in this chapter.

Print Server Setup

To set up a print server, use the Add Local Printer option in Printer Manager. (The system to which the local printer is attached becomes the print server.)

When you set up a print server, you define the printer characteristics to the LP print service. On a print server, Printer Manager then does the following automatically:

• Configures the port monitor
• Registers the network listen service
• Identifies the print clients

See Appendix A, "Setting Up Printer Services Using the Command-Line Interface," for instructions to do Printer Manager functions manually.

Print Client Setup

On the print client, Printer Manager completes the following tasks so the print client can use the printer connected to the print server:

• Identifies the printer and server system to which the printer is connected (with the information you supply).
• Defines the characteristics of the printer.

• Configures the port monitor and registers the listen services with the port monitor.

Print Server Configurations

As a network administrator, you must decide how to allocate printers, and whether the printers are dedicated to one system or available to many systems and users. The decisions you make determine how you will administer printing at your site.

When you establish printing services for a network, you can "try out" printer configurations by changing the configuration until it best meets your users' needs. You can move printers around on a network with a minimum of effort.

There are several possible arrangements for printers on a network. If your site has a network with a printer connected to every system, it has a distributed printing configuration, as shown in Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-3

Even with this configuration, print resources can be shared over the network, and there often are several reasons to do so. For instance, one printer may be faster than the others, and more suitable for printing drafts than final copies. One user may need to print many documents quickly, while other users may not have such printing demands. If a printer is down, the user of the system to which the printer is connected can access another printer while the local printer is being fixed.

In a centralized print server configuration, all printers are in one physical location, like a computer center, and are connected to one print server system, as shown in Figure 3-4. Users of the print client systems who want to use a printer access it over the network.

Figure 3-4

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Note - Most systems have two serial ports, and possibly a parallel port. Unless you add ports, you cannot connect more than two serial printers and a parallel printer to one system.

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In a third arrangement, a combined distributed and print server configuration, some print server systems are connected to several printers, and other systems are connected to their own printers, as shown in Figure 3-5.

Figure 3-5

System Requirements for a Print Server

You can attach a printer to a standalone system, or to any system on the network. Any networked system with a printer can be a print server, as long as the system has adequate resources to manage the printing load.

Each print server should have the following system resources:

• Spooling directory space of 8 Mbytes (or more)
• Hard disk (strongly recommended but not required)
• Memory of 16 Mbytes (or more)
• Swap space of 20 to 24 Mbytes (or more)

Spooling Space

Spooling space is the amount of disk space that is used to store and process requests in the print queue. Spooling space is the single most important factor to consider when deciding which systems to designate as print servers. When users submit files for printing, they are stored in the /var/spool/lp directory until they have been printed. The size of the /var directory depends on the size of the disk and how the disk is partitioned. Spooling space may be allocated in the /var directory on the print server hard disk, or mounted from a file server and accessed over the network.

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Note - If /var is not created as a separate partition, the /var directory uses space in the root partition, which is likely to be quite small.

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When evaluating systems as possible print servers, consider the available disk space. A large spool directory could consume 600 Mbytes of disk space. Look at the size and partitioning of the disks available on systems that could be designated as print servers.

Also carefully evaluate the printing needs and usage patterns of the print client systems. If users in a small group typically print only short email messages--simple ASCII files without sophisticated formatting requirements--a print server with 20 to 25 Mbytes of disk space allocated to /var is probably sufficient. If, however, many print client users are printing lengthy PostScript^(TM) files, they probably will fill up the spooling space quite frequently. When users cannot queue their jobs for printing, work flow is interrupted. Requests for more spooling space may force the system administrator to either add disk space for spooling, or to designate a different system as the print server for the group.

Table 3-2 provides some common disk configuration information and recommendations for the number of average users the configuration can serve.

Table 3-2

Disk Size	/var Partition (Mbytes)	Spooling Space (Mbytes)	Number of Users
104 Mbytes	8	4	1-3
207 Mbytes	16	12	1-16
424 Mbytes	212	206	1-32
669 Mbytes	335	328	1-64
991 Mbytes	500	490	1-64 or more
1.36 Gbytes	335	206	1-32

If the print server has a /var directory that resides in a small partition, and if a large amount of disk space is available elsewhere, you can use that space as spooling space by mounting it on the /var directory on the print server. See the File System Administration for information about mounting file systems and editing the vfstab file.

Hard Disk

The print server should have a hard disk and a local /var directory. You can, however, mount spooling space for a print server from a file server (a system that shares its file systems with other systems) that is accessed over the network. In that case, the file system must be exported with Write permission granted to user lp. Network traffic, however, can slow printing. If a print server has its own hard disk and a local /var directory, printing is much faster, and you can more accurately predict the time needed to process print requests.

Memory

A minimum of 12 Mbytes of memory is required for the print server. More memory usually means quicker overall system response.

Swap Space

The swap space allocation on the print server should be sufficient to handle LP print service requirements. See the File System Administration for information about how to increase swap space.

Printer Configuration Information

This section describes the configuration information you give to Printer Manager to set up a printer on the network:

• The serial or parallel device name (required)
• A unique name for the printer (required)
• The printer type (required)
• The filet content, which is the type of file that can be printed (required)
• The description of the printer to convey to users (recommended, optional)
• The default printer for each system (recommended, optional)

Configuration information is stored in the LP configuration files in the /etc/lp directory. See "LP Configuration Files" on page 309 for information.

Printer Device Name

You must indicate the printer device name for the port to which the printer is connected. Printer Manager automatically displays a list of the ports on the system from which to select. The LP print service initializes the printer port using the settings from the standard printer interface program. See "Filtering Print Files" on page 305 for more information about printer interface programs. If you have a parallel printer or a serial printer for which the default settings do not work, see "Adjusting Printer Port Characteristics" on page 327 for information about how to customize the port settings.

Printer Name

When adding a printer to a system, you choose a printer name for the printer. A printer name must be unique among all printers known to the system, and can contain a maximum of 14 alphanumeric characters, which may include dashes and underscores. When administering printers in a complex network, keep printer names unique within the bounds of the administrative domain.

You should also establish conventions when naming printers. Choose printer names that are meaningful and easy to remember. A printer name can identify the type of printer, its location, or the print server name. Establish a naming convention that works for your site. For example, if you have different types of printers on the network, including the printer type as part of the printer name can help users choose an appropriate printer. You could identify, for instance, PostScript printers with the letters PS. If, however, all of the printers at your site are PostScript printers, you would not need to include the initials PS as part of the printer name.

You use printer names to:

• Add the printer to the LP print service
• Change the configuration of the printer
• Monitor the print queue
• Check the status of the printer
• Accept or cancel print requests for the printer
• Enable or disable the printer
• Specify a default printer
• Submit a print job to a particular printer

Printer Type

A printer type is the "generic name" for a type of printer. By convention, it is often derived from the manufacturer's model name. For example, the printer type name for the DECwriter^(TM) printer is decwriter. However, the common printer type, PS, does not follow this convention. PS is used as the printer type name for many different models of PostScript printers, like LaserWriter^(R)I and LaserWriterII printers.

Printer Manager requires you to select the printer type from a list of available printer types. For a local PostScript printer, use either Postscript (PS) or Postscript Reverse (PSR). If your PostScript printer prints pages face up, documents appear to be printed backwards--the first page ends up on the bottom and the last page ends up on the top. In this case, specifying the printer's type as PSR causes the LP print service to reverse the order of the pages before sending them to the printer, so the last page is printed first. Of course, the intention is to get the pages printed in forward order. However, the LP print service can reliably change the page order only for PostScript files that

conform to the standards in Appendix C of the PostScript Language Reference Manual (written by Adobe Systems Incorporated; published by Addison-Wesley, 1990).

If the printer type appears in the list, but also supports PostScript, choose Postscript (PS or PSR) to designate that printer.

If a printer can emulate more than one kind of printer, you can assign it several types by using the lpadmin -T command. If you specify more than one printer type, the LP print service uses the type that is appropriate for each print request.

Information about each printer type is stored in the terminfo database (/usr/share/lib/terminfo). This information includes the printer capabilities and initialization control data. See "Printer Entries in the terminfo Database" on page 84 for more information about the terminfo database.

For local printers, Printer Manager uses the printer type to access data in the terminfo database. For remote printers, Printer Manager uses the default printer type of unknown.

You can view or change the type assigned to the printer by choosing the Edit option Modify Printer in Printer Manager. Or, you can use the lpadmin -T command to change the printer type. If you omit the -T option, the printer has the default printer type of unknown and does not get initialized properly before it prints a file.

File Content Type

The file content type tells the LP print service the types of files--in addition to those that match the specified printer type--whose contents can be printed directly on a printer; filtering is done for other types of files. In addition, direct printing requires the necessary fonts to be available in the printer.

Many printers can print two types of files directly:

• The same type as the printer type (for example, PS for a PostScript printer)
• The type simple (an ASCII file)

Some printers can handle several types of files, in which case you should specify those file content types in Printer Manager.

Content type names should be meaningful to you and the users you support. Your users need to know these names to use them consistently in making print requests. They consist of up to 14 letters, numerals, and underscores. In addition, they must match the input and output names used with filters.

When submitting a file for printing, the user indicates the content type of the file (lp -T type). Otherwise, a file is assumed to be simple (ASCII text). The LP print service uses the file content type to match jobs to printers--to look for a suitable printer that can print the file directly or to determine which filters to use to convert the file contents into a type the printer can handle.

Some common file content types for local printers are postscript and simple.

Printer Manager provides you with a list of file content types for a local printer from which to select. The choices are translated to the names the LP print service uses. Table 3-3 describes the underlying lpadmin -I command for each choice and the implications of each choice.

Table 3-3

File Contents Choice	Underlying lpadmin Option	Description
PostScript	-I postscript	PostScript files (lp -T postscript) are not filtered. ASCII files (lp -T simple) are filtered.
ASCII	-I simple	PostScript files (lp -T postscript) are filtered. ASCII files (lp -T simple) are not filtered.
Both PostScript and ASCII	-I simple,postscript	Neither PostScript files (lp -T postscript) nor ASCII files (lp -T simple) are filtered.
None	-I ""	All files are filtered, except those matching the printer's type (lp -T printer-type).
Any	-I any	No filtering is done. If a user sends a file type to the printer that the printer cannot handle directly, the file will not be printed.

You can choose any for a local printer, but be careful. It means no filtering will be done. If a user sends a file type to the printer that the printer cannot handle directly, the file will not be printed. The safest choice may be None, which forces the LP print service to find filters for most print requests. If you are sure a printer can directly print a file content type, you may want to specify that specific file content type when you print a file to bypass unnecessary filtering. However, you should read the printer's documentation or try experimenting with the printer to determine whether given types of files need filtering, or not.

Printer Manager's default choice Postscript (which means filtering is not needed for PostScript files) is probably correct most of the time.

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Note - If you specify more than one printer type for a printer that can emulate other printers, you must specify simple as the content type.

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You should use a file content type of any for a SunOS 5.x print client. Printer Manager automatically assigns any, which causes files to be filtered on the print server, rather than on the print client. If you do not want that, you can use the lpadmin -I command directly. Or, after adding the printer, you can use Printer Manager's Modify Printer option to change the file content type(s). If you specify file content types other than any, the filtering is done on the client. You may want to do that for content type simple or postscript. These types can be used in combination.

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Note - The name simple means ASCII file, and any means any file content type. Be sure to use them consistently. The name terminfo is reserved as a reference to all types of printers.

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Printer Description (Optional)

You can define a printer description for a printer. The description should contain helpful information for users. For example, the description could say where the printer is located, or whom to call when the printer has problems.

Users can display the printer's description by using Printer Manager's Modify Printer option or by using the command:

% lpstat -D -p printer-name

Default Printer (Optional)

You can specify a default printer for each system, even if it is the only printer connected to the system. When you specify a default printer, users do not need to type the default printer name when they use LP print service commands. However, they can override the default by explicitly naming a printer or setting the LPDEST environment variable. Before you can designate a default printer, it must be known to the LP print service on the system.

Printer Entries in the terminfo Database

The printer you install must correspond to an entry in the terminfo database. (You can also create a printer entry in the terminfo database. See Appendix B, "Understanding and Customizing the LP Print Service," for information about adding a new entry to the terminfo database.)

This section explains the structure and organization of the terminfo database directory, which will help you find out if the terminfo database contains an entry for your printer.

Directory Structure of the terminfo Database

The default terminfo database has 42 subdirectories in the /usr/share/lib/terminfo directory.

ganymede % pwd /usr/share/lib/terminfo ganymede % ls 1 4 7 A M a d g j m p s u x 2 5 8 B P b e h k n q t v y 3 6 9 H S c f i l o r ti w z ganymede %

Each of these subdirectories contains compiled database entries for terminals or printers.

The entries are organized by the first letter of the printer or terminal type. For example, if you have an Epson^(R) printer, look in /usr/share/lib/terminfo/e to find your particular model of Epson printer.

ganymede % cd /usr/share/lib/terminfo/e ganymede % ls emots ep2500+high ep48 ergo4000 exidy2500 env230 ep2500+low epson2500 esprit envision230 ep40 epson2500-80 ethernet ep2500+basic ep4000 epson2500-hi ex3000 ep2500+color ep4080 epson2500-hi80 exidy ganymede %

As you can see, there are four entries for Epson printers.

If an entry matches the model of the Epson printer you have, use the entry as the printer type for the lpadmin -T command, for example, lpadmin -p printer-name -T epson2500.

If you have a NEC^(R) printer, look in the /usr/share/lib/terminfo/n directory for your NEC printer model.

ganymede % cd /usr/share/lib/terminfo/n ganymede % ls ncr7900 ncr7901 netty-Tabs newhpkeyboard ncr7900-na nec netty-vi nuc ncr7900i net network nucterm ncr7900i-na netronics netx ncr7900iv netty newhp ganymede %

There is only one entry in this directory for NEC. Try using nec as the printer type for the lpadmin -T command, for example, lpadmin -p printer-name -T nec.

You may not find the printer type in the appropriate terminfo directory. The type of printer is important to the LP print service, but the type may not necessarily be linked to the manufacturer's name on the printer. For example,

for any type of PostScript printer, you can use the PS entry (found in the /usr/share/lib/terminfo/P directory) instead of an entry specific to different manufacturer or product names.

If you have an unusual type of printer, you may need to try different entries before you can determine whether a particular terminfo entry works for your specific model of printer. If possible, find an entry in the terminfo database that works for your printer. It will be much easier than trying to create an entry. If you have to create your own entry, Appendix B, "Understanding and Customizing the LP Print Service," contains some useful tips.

Instructions for Setting Up Printing Using Printer Manager

This section contains instructions for using Printer Manager to:

• Add local printers
• Add access to remote printers
• Modify or delete printers
• View available printers

Printer Manager lets you set policy related to:

• Fault recovery
• User access restriction
• Banner page printing

See Chapter 5, "Managing Character Sets, Filters, Forms, and Fonts," for additional setup tasks required for:

• Character sets and print wheels
• Filters
• Form
• Fonts

See Chapter 6, "Setting Printing Policies," for additional instructions on how to set printing policy and change defaults related to:

• Fault recovery
• User access restriction
• Inclusion of banner page
• Class membership

Adding a Printer

Prerequisites

• Start OpenWindows
• Start Administration Tool
• Verify required access privileges

See "Before Using Administration Tool" on page 69 for more information.

Information You Need

• Printer name
• Print server name
• Device name of port to which printer is (or will be) connected
• Printer type and file content types

Instructions You can use Printer Manager to add a printer to a system, set up the system as a print server, and (optionally) register the printer with a network-wide NIS+ table.

· How to Add a Printer

1. (Optional) Connect the printer to the system and turn on the power to the printer.

   You can perform this step before or after using Printer Manager to add a printer. See the printer vendor's manual and your system's installation manual for information about switch settings and cabling requirements. You usually connect printer cables to a serial port, but in some cases, depending on the requirements of the printer involved, you can use a parallel port.

2. Start Printer Manager by clicking on the Printer Manager icon.

   The Printer Manager window is displayed, listing the printers available to the current system (the system from which Printer Manager is run).

3. If the system to which the printer is being added (attached) is not the current system, type the system name in the Goto field and click on the Goto button.

   The selected system is indicated in the Print Configurations on Host field and the list of available printers (if any) is updated to reflect the selected system.

4. Select Add Local Printer from the Edit menu.

   The Local Printer window is displayed. The Print Server field is filled in and cannot be changed. It reflects the system to which the printer is being added, the system to which the printer is local. This system may be remote from the system on which you are running Printer Manager.

5. Type the printer name in the corresponding field.

   You should choose a name unique to the network, or at least your administrative domain within the network.

6. (Optional) Type a comment in the corresponding field.

   You may attach a description giving the user helpful information, like where the printer is located. The comment is displayed as part of the printer status.

7. Choose the desired port from the Printer Port menu.

   Printer Manager sets the ownership and permissions on the device file to grant access to the special user lp. If you have a parallel printer, look for a device file like bpp0 in the list. For cases not listed, choose Other and type the device name in the pop-up window that is displayed.

8. Choose the desired printer type from the Printer Type menu.

   Your choice is mapped to the name of an entry in the terminfo database, which is used to initialize the printer.

   If your printer type is not included, choose Other and type the name (matching a terminfo entry) in the pop-up window that appears. The printer type also implies a file content type that can be directly printed on the printer without filtering.

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Note - If you specify a printer type of Postscript (PS) and find that pages print in reverse order, use the Delete Printer option under the Edit menu to delete the printer and then add the printer again, changing the Printer Type to PostScript Reverse (PSR).

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9. Choose the desired file contents from the File Contents menu.

   The file content(s) you specify in this step are in addition to the file contents type matching the printer type. When a user submits a file for printing (lp -T type), the lp command looks at the file content type(s) defined for available printers to try to find a printer that can print the file without filtering. Many printers can directly print two types of files: simple ASCII files and files whose type matches the printer type.

   The File Contents choices have the following meanings:

• Postscript - Files submitted by lp -T postscript go directly to the printer without filtering; other types (for example, lp -T simple) are filtered.
• ASCII - Files submitted by lp -T simple go directly to the printer without filtering; other types (for example, lp -T postscript) are filtered.
• Both Postscript and ASCII - Files submitted by lp -T postscript or lp -T simple go directly to the printer without filtering.
• None - All files will be filtered to convert them from the type specified by lp -T to the printer type.
• Any - All files go directly to the printer without any filtering.

10. Choose how you want to be notified of printer fault messages.

• Write to superuser - Fault messages are displayed on root's terminal (default).
• Mail to superuser - Fault messages are sent as email to the root user's mailbox.
• None - No fault messages are delivered.

11. If you want the printer to be the default printer for the system to which it is being added, click on Yes in the System Default field.

    The Yes choice will be turned on, unless a default printer has already been specified. Of all the printers available to the system, the printer designated as the default is the one used for printing when users do not specify a destination printer with the lp command.

12. If you do not want banner pages to be required, click on Not Required in the Print Banner field.

    This does not turn on and off printing of banner pages. It turns on or off the ability of users to tell the lp command not to print a banner page; otherwise, banner pages are always printed.

13. (Optional) If you want the printer to be registered with NIS+, click on Yes in the Register with NIS+ field.

    This option is only available when NIS+ is running on the network. As you add printers, you should register them with NIS+. In doing so, you will create an NIS+ table of all the printers (except those on SunOS 4.1 print servers) available on the network; otherwise, you can only see the printers available to the system currently selected (by Goto).

    You can then use the Show NIS+ Printers option under the View menu to see the system to which a printer is attached. If you want to add an existing local printer to the table, you can use the Modify Printer option under the Edit menu. Another way to add entries to the table is to use the nistbladm command directly. For example, to add a printer named luna on server terra with the comment final drafts, you should enter:

# nistbladm -a printer_name=luna printer_host=terra \ description=´"Tech pubs final drafts"´ printers.org_dir

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Note - The NIS+ Printers table is created by Printer Manager the first time a printer is registered. The ownership and permissions on the table are set to match those established for the standard NIS+ tables, like hosts. If you do not have the Create, Modify, or Destroy permissions to make changes to the NIS+ tables, you will not be able to register printers. For information about NIS+ security, see Name Services Administration Guide.

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14. (Optional) If you want only a few users to have access to the printer, type the (login) names one at a time in the User Access List field and click on Edit after each user name.

    Repeat this step for each user. The names are listed in the pane. All users not in the list are denied access to the printer. If you do not create a list, all users have access to the printer. If you make a mistake and want to delete an entry from the list, highlight the entry and use the Delete option from the Edit menu to the right of the User Access List field.

15. Click on Add.

    The information defined in the Add Local Printer window is recorded in the /etc/lp configuration files on the selected system. If you make a mistake and want to re-enter information, click on Reset to reset all the fields to their original values.

Setting Up a Client

Prerequisites

• Start OpenWindows
• Start Administration Tool
• Verify required access privileges

See "Before Using Administration Tool" on page 69 for more information.

Information You Need

• Printer name
• Print server name
• Type of system software running on the print server (BSD versus SVR4)

Instructions You can use Printer Manager to add a print client to an existing print server.

· How to Set Up a Client

1. If the system that you want to add as a client to a print server is not the current system (the one shown in the Printer Configurations on Host field in Printer Manager window), type the client system name in the Goto field and click on the Goto button. Otherwise, go to step 2.

   The list of available printers changes to reflect the selected system.

   The Goto button keeps a list of system names that includes the system on which Printer Manager is running. Systems previously specified with the Goto option are also listed. You may choose from the listed systems.

2. Click on Edit to bring up the Access to Remote Printer window.

   The Access to Remote Printer window is displayed.

3. In the Printer Name field, type the name of the remote printer for which you want the selected system to be a print client.

   The name used to refer to the printer on the print client is the same as the name used on the printer server. If you want the print client to use a different name, you can set it up directly with the lpadmin command. See "How to Set Up SunOS 5.x Print Clients" on page 292.

4. In the Printer Server field, type the name of the server system (the system to which the remote printer is attached).

   The printer is local to that server system.

5. In the Comment field, type a description of the printer.

   Try to include information that will help the users of the printer.

6. Select the Print Server OS.

   Print Server OS is actually a misnomer because the option actually indicates the print server's printing protocol--BSD or System V. If the print server is running SunOS 5.x system software (or some other variation of System V), click on System V in the Print Server OS field.

   The default setting is BSD, which should be used for print servers running SunOS 4.x system software.

7. Designate whether you want the printer to be the default printer for the print client system.

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Note - The Access to Remote Printer window does not provide any fields for specifying the printer type and file contents. These are set to unknown and any, respectively. To change the file contents type for the printer, you could use the Modify Printer option under Edit.

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8. Click on Add.

   The information defined in this window is recorded in the /etc/lp configuration files on the selected print client system and on the specified print server system. If you make a mistake and want to re-enter information, click on Reset to reset all the fields to their original values.

9. (Optional) If you want to add access to additional remote printers (define this system as a print client for other print servers), repeat steps 3 to 8.

   You should select a client system with the Goto option and add access to all the remote printers desired for that system, before selecting another client system and adding access to remote printers.

Modifying or Deleting Printer Information

Prerequisites

• Start OpenWindows
• Start Administration Tool
• Verify required access privileges

See "Before Using Administration Tool" on page 69 for more information.

Information You Need

• Printer name
• Print server or print client name

Instructions You can use Printer Manager to modify or delete the information for local and remote printers.

· How to Modify Printer Information

1. If the current system is not the one you want to work with, use the Goto menu button to select the system for which printer information will be modified or deleted. Otherwise, go to step 2.

   The printer can be local or remote to the system. In either case, you can only change the information about a printer on one system at a time.

2. From the list of available printers in Printer Manager window, click on the entry for the desired printer.

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Note - You must select from the list displayed in the Printer Manager window, not from the list of printers displayed by the Show NIS+ Printers option.

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3. If you want to modify (or just view) the information for a printer, do the following:

   a. Choose Modify Printer from the Edit menu.

   You can also bring up the Modify Printer window by double-clicking on an entry in Printer Manager window.

   The Modify Printer window is displayed.

b. Change the contents of the fields as allowed.

You can change any of the fields, except Printer Name, Printer Server, and Printer Type. To change the name of the printer, the name of the printer server, or the model of the printer, you have to delete and add the printer or print client again.

When modifying a local printer, if there is no user access list and you want to specify one, delete the all entry before adding user names.

The Enable Print Queue and Accept Print Jobs fields are not available when you add a printer. They help you administer existing printers. For example, you may want to stop printing while a printer is being repaired.

· How to Delete a Printer

* Choose Delete Printer from the Edit menu, and confirm this choice by pressing the Delete button in the window that is displayed.

If you delete a printer from a print server system that has several clients, you must also delete the printer from each client by using the Goto option to "go to" the print client and repeating this step.

Viewing Available Printers

Prerequisites

• Start OpenWindows
• Start Administration Tool
• Verify required access privileges

See "Before Using Administration Tool" on page 69 for more information.

Information You Need

• Printer name
• Print server or print client name

· How to View Available Printers

1. Click on the Printer Manager icon.

   The Printer Manager window is displayed.

2. (Optional) Click on View.

   This selects the Show NIS+ Printers option, which is only available when NIS+ is running on your network. The contents of an NIS+ Printers table are displayed for the current domain. Entries are made in the table when you use the Register with NIS+ option in the Add Printer or Modify Printer window. You can change the domain by typing the name in the NIS+ Domain Name field and clicking on Apply.

3. Use the Goto menu button in the Printer Manager window to specify the system for which you want to view the available printers. Type the system name in the Goto field.

   Printers can be local or remote to the system. In either case, you can only view the information about a printer from the perspective of one system (client or server) at a time.

4. Double-click on the desired entry.

   This brings up the Modify Printer window, which shows you the information defined for the printer.

Reference Information for Setting Up Printing Services

This section contains reference information you need to perform some of the tasks in "Instructions for Setting Up Printing Using Printer Manager" on page 86.

Frequently Used Printers

This section provides information about printer type and file content type for specific printer models. When you configure a printer, you must identify the manufacturer and model of the printer in a way that the LP print service understands: the printer type. You also must identify the content type for each printer. The content type tells the LP print service what types of files can be printed by each printer.

This section provides the printer type and content type for the printers most commonly used with SunOS 5.x system software. Although not shown, many of these printers can also directly print files with simple content type.

If you have a PostScript printer, use a Printer Type of PS or PSR and a Content 1 Type of postscript.

Table 3-4 lists additional non-PostScript printers and shows the printer type and content type to use for configuring each printer.

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Note - Sun does not support the following printers, but they are listed here for your convenience. If you have questions about one of these products, contact the printer manufacturer.

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Table 3-4

Printer	Printer Type	Content Type
Daisy	daisy	simple
Datagraphix	datagraphix	simple
DEC LA100	la100	simple
DEC LN03	ln03	simple
DECwriter	decwriter	simple
Diablo	diablo	simple
	diablo-m8	simple
Epson 2500 variations	epson2500	simple
	epson2500-80	simple
	epson2500-hi	simple
	epson2500-hi80	simple
Hewlett-Packard HPCL printer	hplaser	simple

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1. PSR reverses the pagination, printing the pages in reverse order, with the banner page last.

Table 3-4

Printer	Printer Type	Content Type
IBM Proprinter	ibmproprinter	simple
Qume Sprint 5	qume5	simple
Texas Instruments 800	ti800	simple

If you want to set up a printer that is not listed in this table, see "Printer Entries in the terminfo Database" on page 84.